prs slides for powerpoint chap 5 learning copyright © pearson education, 2009

PRS Slides for PowerPoint

Chap 5

Learning

Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009

Definitional and Application Slides

2

Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

3

A researcher decides to classically condition a rabbit by

presenting a sound each time before delivering a puff of air

to the rabbit’s eye. He finds that the rabbit starts to blink

upon hearing the sound. What function does the air puff

have?

1. Conditioned stimulus

2. Unconditioned stimulus

3. Conditioned response

4. Unconditioned response

5. Neutral stimulus

LO 5.2


4

A researcher decides to classically condition a rabbit by

presenting a sound each time before delivering a puff of air

to the rabbit’s eye. He finds that the rabbit starts to blink

upon hearing the sound. What function does the air puff

have?

1. Conditioned stimulus (p. 179-180)

2. Unconditioned stimulus

3. Conditioned response

4. Unconditioned response

5. Neutral stimulus

LO 5.2


5

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of classical

conditioning?

1. The CS must come before the UCS.

2. The CS and UCS must come very close together in time (e.g., seconds apart).

3. The neutral stimulus must be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place.

4. The CS should be a stimulus that stands out from other competing stimuli.

5. The CS and UCS should occur together in time.

LO 5.2


6

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of classical

conditioning?

1. The CS must come before the UCS.

2. The CS and UCS must come very close together in time (e.g., seconds apart).

3. The neutral stimulus must be paired with the UCS several times before conditioning can take place.

4. The CS should be a stimulus that stands out from other competing stimuli.

5. The CS and UCS should occur together in time. (p. 180-181)

LO 5.2


7

The phenomena in which a conditioned response reoccurs

when the CS is presented after a period of extinction is

called:

1. Stimulus generalization

2. Discrimination

3. Spontaneous recovery

4. Higher order conditioning

5. Reinforcement

LO 5.2


8

The phenomena in which a conditioned response reoccurs

when the CS is presented after a period of extinction is

called:

1. Stimulus generalization

2. Discrimination

3. Spontaneous recovery (p. 182)

4. Higher order conditioning

5. Reinforcement

LO 5.2


9

Which of the following is NOT an example of classical

conditioning?

1. Conditioned emotional response

2. Vicarious conditioning

3. Taste aversion

4. A child that is rewarded for studying

5. A child who begins to salivate upon watching her mother take out the ingredients to bake the child’s favorite cookies

LO 5.2-5


10

Which of the following is NOT an example of classical

conditioning?

1. Conditioned emotional response

2. Vicarious conditioning

3. Taste aversion

4. A child that is rewarded for studying (p. 179-192)

5. A child who begins to salivate upon watching her mother take out the ingredients to bake the child’s favorite cookies

LO 5.2-5


11

One common aspect of all forms of negative reinforcement

is that:

1. something pleasurable is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.

2. something unpleasant is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.

3. something aversive is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior.

4. something pleasant is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior.

5. all types of reinforcement work the same.

LO 5.5


12

One common aspect of all forms of negative reinforcement

is that:

1. something pleasurable is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.

2. something unpleasant is added to the situation to reinforce behavior.

3. something aversive is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior. (p. 192)

4. something pleasant is taken away from the situation to reinforce behavior.

5. all types of reinforcement work the same.

LO 5.5


13

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of

punishment?

1. Punishment can cause a person to avoid their punisher.

2. Punishment may create fear and anxiety.

3. Punishment may increase aggression from the person being punished.

4. Punishment may encourage behaviors, like lying, to avoid punishment.

5. Punishment is the best method for getting children to behave.

LO 5.6


14

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of

punishment?

1. Punishment can cause a person to avoid their punisher.

2. Punishment may create fear and anxiety.

3. Punishment may increase aggression from the person being punished.

4. Punishment may encourage behaviors, like lying, to avoid punishment.

5. Punishment is the best method for getting children to behave. (p. 193-195)

LO 5.6


15

This process is often used when trying to teach complex

behaviors by which an individual is rewarded after

achieving smaller steps that get him or her closer to the

desired behavior:

1. Shaping


3. Extinction

4. Generalization

5. Classical conditioning

LO 5.6


16

This process is often used when trying to teach complex

behaviors by which an individual is rewarded after

achieving smaller steps that get him or her closer to the

desired behavior:

1. Shaping (p. 195-196)


3. Extinction

4. Generalization


LO 5.6


17

The color of a traffic light usually serves what primary

function?


2. Discriminative stimulus

3. Reinforcement

4. Positive punishment

5. Negative punishment

LO 5.6


18

The color of a traffic light usually serves what primary

function?


2. Discriminative stimulus (p. 196)

3. Reinforcement

4. Positive punishment

5. Negative punishment

LO 5.6


19

On average, a child will receive $10 from her parents every

2 weeks for cleaning her room. What type of reinforcement

schedule are the parents using?

1. Variable ratio

2. Fixed interval

3. Variable interval

4. Fixed ratio

5. Continuous reinforcement

LO 5.7


20

On average, a child will receive $10 from her parents every

2 weeks for cleaning her room. What type of reinforcement

schedule are the parents using?

1. Variable ratio

2. Fixed interval

3. Variable interval (p. 200)

4. Fixed ratio


LO 5.7


21

Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest rate in

responding (i.e., more instances of the target behavior)?


2. Fixed interval

3. Variable ratio

4. Fixed ratio


LO 5.7


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Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest rate in

responding (i.e., more instances of the target behavior)?


2. Fixed interval

3. Variable ratio (p. 200-201)

4. Fixed ratio


LO 5.7


23

Research on ________________ showed that not all

behaviors can be learned through experience with the

environment (e.g., operant conditioning), as was once

thought by the behaviorists.

1. extinction

2. taste aversions

3. instinctive drift

4. punishment

5. behavior modification

LO 5.8


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Research on ________________ showed that not all

behaviors can be learned through experience with the

environment (e.g., operant conditioning), as was once

thought by the behaviorists.

1. extinction

2. taste aversions

3. instinctive drift (p. 202)

4. punishment

5. behavior modification

LO 5.8


25

Knowing the location of the alternative entrances into a

building without having ever used them before is an

example of:

1. Latent learning

2. Learned helplessness


4. Operant conditioning

5. Insight

LO 5.10


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Knowing the location of the alternative entrances into a

building without having ever used them before is an

example of:

1. Latent learning (p. 206-207)

2. Learned helplessness



5. Insight

LO 5.10


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Seligman performed a study on learned helplessness, which demonstrated:

1. Dogs given inescapable shock did nothing to escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape.

2. Dogs given inescapable shock did escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape.

3. Dogs given inescapable shock later became aggressive when given the opportunity for escape.

4. Dogs given inescapable shock later became more active when given the opportunity for escape.

5. There was no difference between dogs given inescapable vs. escapable shock when later given the opportunity for escape.

LO 5.10


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Seligman performed a study on learned helplessness, which demonstrated:

1. Dogs given inescapable shock did nothing to escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape. (p. 208-209)

2. Dogs given inescapable shock did escape the shock when later given the opportunity for escape.

3. Dogs given inescapable shock later became aggressive when given the opportunity for escape.

4. Dogs given inescapable shock later became more active when given the opportunity for escape.

5. There was no difference between dogs given inescapable vs. escapable shock when later given the opportunity for escape.

LO 5.10


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A biologist has been searching for solution as to what

area of the brain is associated with conscious experience.

After many years of work, the researcher decides to

abandon his efforts. A couple of days later, he suddenly

realizes the solution, as though out of nowhere. What

type of learning does this demonstrate?

1. Latent learning

2. Insight


4. Observational learning


LO 5.10


30

A biologist has been searching for solution as to what

area of the brain is associated with conscious experience.

After many years of work, the researcher decides to

abandon his efforts. A couple of days later, he suddenly

realizes the solution, as though out of nowhere. What

type of learning does this demonstrate?

1. Latent learning

2. Insight (p. 208)


4. Observational learning


LO 5.10


31

In order for observational learning to occur, all of the

following elements need to be present EXCEPT:

1. Attention

2. Intelligence

3. Memory

4. Imitation

5. Motivation

LO 5.11


32

In order for observational learning to occur, all of the

following elements need to be present EXCEPT:

1. Attention

2. Intelligence (p. 210-211)

3. Memory

4. Imitation

5. Motivation

LO 5.11


Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides

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What do you think?Is this “learning”?

An infant stops sucking its thumb.

A. Yes

B. No


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Children acquire language.

A. Yes

B. No


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A computer program generates random opening moves for its first 100 chess games and tabulates the outcomes of those games. Starting with the 101st game, the computer uses those tabulations to influence its choice of opening moves.

A. Yes

B. No


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A worm is placed in a T maze. The left arm of the maze is brightly lit and dry; the right arm is dim and moist. On the first ten trials, the worm turns right seven times. On the next ten trials, the worm turns right all ten times.

A. Yes

B. No


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A previously psychotic patient is given Dr. K’s patented phrenological surgery and no longer exhibits any psychotic behaviors.

A. Yes

B. No


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A lanky zinnia plant is pinched back and begins to grow denser foliage and flowers.

A. Yes

B. No


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After pondering over a difficult puzzle for hours, Jane finally figures it out. From that point on, she can solve all similar puzzles in the time it takes her to read them.

A. Yes

B. No


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After thirty years of smoking two packs a day, Zeb throws away his cigarettes and never smokes again.

A. Yes

B. No


41

What is your experience?

I experience a startle response when I see lightning.

A. True

B. False


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There is at least one food that I can’t eat because I got sick after eating it once.

A. True

B. False


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There is at least one alcoholic drink that I can’t drink because I got sick after drinking it once.

A. True

B. False


44


I have a phobia.

A. True

B. False


45

What is your learning style?

I can solve a problem best by

A. breaking down the problem into different components (analytical)

B. viewing the problem as a whole (holistic)

C. talking through the problem (verbal)

D. visualizing the problem in my head (spatial)

E. It depends on the problem.


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prs slides for powerpoint chap 5 learning copyright © pearson education, 2009

Documents

puff of air

air puff

period of extinction

childs favorite cookieslo

competing stimuli

rabbits eye

application slides

prs slides