professor colin r. martin - faculty of society and health buckinghamshire new university

Professor Colin R. Martin - Faculty of Society and HealthBuckinghamshire New University

Dr Mick Fleming – Faculty of Education, Health and Social SciencesHugh Smith - Faculty of Education, Health and Social Sciences

University of the West of Scotland

The Elephant within the Learning Environment: The Mental Health and Wellbeing of Teacher Educators; Trainee Teachers and Learners.

Focus for the Presentation

•Learning Environment

•Mental Health and Wellbeing of Leaders of Learning •Mental Health and Wellbeing of the Learner

•Recent Studies

•Questions?

Learning Environment

•Complex Environments

•Reflects Society’s Challenges

•Modifiable Learning Factors

•Paradigm Shift with the Health System

Mental Health and Wellbeing of Leaders of learning

•Teaching as a Stressful Occupation

•Absenteeism and Presenteeism

•Recommended Strategies for Work Related Stress

Mental Health and Wellbeing of the Learner

•Developmental, Mental Health and Adjustment Orders

•Changes Impacting on Achieving Developmental milestones

•Skill development and Culture Change required to support Learners

Recent Study

Development and validation of the Assessment of Locus of control in Industry, Commerce and Education (ALICE) Scale (Martin and Paul, 2012)

PERSONAL MASTERY

ORGANISATIONCONTROL

POWERFUL OTHERS

Key themes determined by applied thematic analysis

ORGANISATION

PERSONAL MASTERY

POWERFUL OTHERS

O-ITEM 1 ERROR

O-ITEM 2 ERROR

O-ITEM 3 ERROR

O-ITEM ∞ ERROR

PM-ITEM 1 ERROR

PM-ITEM 2 ERROR

PM-ITEM 3 ERROR

PM-ITEM ∞ ERROR

PO-ITEM 1 ERROR

PO-ITEM 2 ERROR

PO-ITEM 3 ERROR

PO-ITEM ∞ ERROR

Structural and measurement model framework

Participants (ALICE Development Study)

DepressionALICE Subscale Score Non-depressed

N=127

Depressed

N=73

t df p

Personal Mastery 15.54 (4.47) 10.75 (5.22) 6.58 132.04* <0.001

Organisational Control 6.64 (2.14) 4.81 (2.82) 4.80 120.00* <0.001

Powerful Others 7.11 (3.07) 4.56 (3.39) 5.43 198.00 <0.001

Total Score 29.29 (8.63) 20.12 (10.02) 6.81 198.00 <0.001

AnxietyALICE sub-scale Score Non-anxious

N=139

Anxious

N=61

t df p

Personal Mastery 15.13 (4.78) 10.75 (5.12) 5.83 198.00 <0.001

Organisational Control 6.34 (2.43) 5.13 (2.67) 3.13 198.00 0.002

Powerful Others 6.93 (3.27) 4.47 (3.13) 4.95 198.00 <0.001

Total Score 28.40 (9.43) 20.36 (9.58) 5.52 198.00 <0.001

StressALICE sub-scale Score Non-anxious

N=139

Anxious

N=61

t df p

Personal Mastery 15.13 (4.78) 10.75 (5.12) 5.83 198.00 <0.001

Organisational Control 6.34 (2.43) 5.13 (2.67) 3.13 198.00 0.002

Powerful Others 6.93 (3.27) 4.47 (3.13) 4.95 198.00 <0.001

Total Score 28.40 (9.43) 20.36 (9.58) 5.52 198.00 <0.001

Variable B SE B β t p

ALICE Personal Mastery

ALICE Organisational Control

ALICE Powerful Others

0.69

-0.14

-0.11

0.13

0.23

0.22

0.54

-0.05

-0.06

5.39

0.58

0.52

<0.001

0.56

0.60

QoLVariable B SE B β t p

ALICE Personal Mastery

ALICE Organisational Control

ALICE Powerful Others

1.44

1.44

0.47

0.42

0.76

0.70

0.34

0.16

0.07

3.46

1.90

0.67

0.001

0.06

0.50

Self-esteem

Scottish Association for Mental health

References

Birchwood, M. and Jackson, C. (2001) Schizophrenia, Psychology Press, Taylor and Francis Group.

Davis, A.S., Kruczek, T. and McIntosh, D.E. (2006) Understanding and treating psychopathology in schools: Introduction to the special issue. Psychology in the Schools. Vol. 43(4), pp. 413-417.

Denholm, Andrew (2012) ‘Stressed Scots teachers flood helpline for support' Herald 7th September.

Dunlop, C. (2004) The Teachers Health and Wellbeing Study Scotland. NHS Health Scotland, Edinburgh.

Farrand, P., Parker, M., Lee, C. (2007) Intention of adolescents to seek professional help for emotional and behavioural difficulties, Health and Social Care in the Community, Vol. 15(5), pp.464-473.

French, P. and Morrison, A.P. (2004) Early Detection and Cognitive Therapy for People at High Risk of Developing Psychosis. Wiley.com.

References

Health and Safety Executive (2000) The scale of occupational stress: A further analysis of the impact of demographic factors and type of job. Health and Safety Executive. www.hsebooks.co.uk

Jackson, E. (2002) Mental health in schools: what about the staff? Journal of Child Psychotherapy, Vol. 28(2), pp. 129-146.

Lesesne, C.A., Visser, S.N., White, C.P. (2003) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school aged children: association with maternal mental health and the use of care resources, Paediatrics, Vol. 111(5), pp. 1232-1237.

Martin, C.R. and Paul, S. (2012) Application of the assessment of locus of control in industry, commerce and education (ALICE) scale in the evaluation of occupational stress. Oral presentation at The British Psychological Society Psychobiology Section Annual Conference, Windermere, UK: 3rd-5th September 2012.

Milkie, M.A. and Warner, C.H. (2011) Classroom learning environments and the mental health of first grade children,

Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, Vol. 52(1), pp. 4-22.

References

Miller, W.R. and Rollnick, S. (2002) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, New York: Guildford Press.

Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J.B., Patton, G.C. (2011) The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet, www.thelacnetonline.com

Murray-Harvey, R. (2010) Relationship influences on students’ academic achievement, psychological health and well-being at school, Educational and Child Psychology, Vol. 27(1), pp. 104-115.

NASUWT (2010) Teachers’ Mental Health: A study exploring the experiences of teachers with work-related stress and mental health problems. www.nasuwt.org.uk

NASUWT (2011) Managing your mental health and well-being. www.nasuwt.org.uk

Reijneveld, S., Brugman, E., Verhulst, F., Verloove-Vanhorick, S. (2005) Area deprivation and child psychosocial problems, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Vol. 40(1), pp. 18- 23.

References

Royal College of Psychiatrists (2012) Schizophrenia: key facts. http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinfoforall/problems/schizophrenia/schizophrenia.aspx

Schaubman, A., Stetson, E. and Plog, A. (2011) Reducing teacher stress by implementing collaborative problem solving in a school setting, School Social Work Journal, Vol. 35(2), pp. 72- 93.

Scholes, B. and Martin, C.R. (2010) Could repressive coping be a mediating factor in the symptom profile of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Vol. 17(5), pp. 403-410.Scottish Government (2009) Towards a Mentally Flourishing Scotland: Policy and Action Plan (2009-2011). www.scotland.gov.uk

Simm, R., Roen, K. and Daiches, A. (2008) Educational professionals’ experiences of self-harm in primary school children: ‘You don’t really believe, unless you see it’ Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 34(2), pp. 253–269.

References

Smith, H. (2008) Mental health in school-aged children. British Journal of School Nursing. Vol. 03 (6), pp. 285-286.

Spratt, J., Shucksmith, J., Philip, K., Watson, K. (2006) Inter-professional support of mental wellbeing in schools: A Bourdieuan perspective, Journal of Inter-professional Care, Vol. 20(4), pp. 391-402.

Stock-Whitaker, D. (1985) Using Groups to Help people, London: Routledge

Weare, K. (2002) Work with young people is leading the way in the new paradigm for mental health, International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol. 4(4), pp. 55-58.

Yalom, I.D. (1985) The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (4th Ed.). Basic Books.

Questions and Discussion

colin.martin@bucks.ac.ukmick.fleming@uws.ac.ukhugh.smith@uws.ac.uk