priority management in agricultural and extension education aee 530 gary moore

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Priority Management in Agricultural and Extension

Education

AEE 530

Gary Moore

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55Priority Management

Has the world (and time) become more hectic and hurried during the past 40 years or has it slowed down?

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55Priority Management

Divide into small groups and make a list of “things” that didn’t exist 40 years ago that have contributed to our hectic life style.

Describe a typical Sunday 40 years ago and today

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55Time

Since 1973 the average number of hours worked per week in America by the typical worker has:–A. Decreased

–B. Remained the same

–C. Increased

From 38 to 45 hours

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55Time

The amount of leisure time enjoyed by Americans has decreased by ___ since 1973.

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55Time

Of the industrialized nations in the world, the number of hours worked yearly by Americans ranks us:

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55Research

The Japanese word “karoshi” means:–A. Quality first

–B. Bury the world

–C. Death by overwork

–D. Work is play

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55

What is this thing called

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55Time

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55Time

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55Time

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55Time

"For what is time? Who is able to explain it? ... Surely we understand well enough when we speak of it. What then is time? If nobody asks me I know, but if I were desirous to explain it to someone else - plainly I know not."

St. Augustine

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55Time

Time is a continuum in which events succeed one another from past through present to future.

Webster's Dictionary

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55Time

“We have given more attention to measuring time than to anything in nature, but time remains an abstraction, a riddle that only exists in our minds.”

Gernot Winkler, Director of Time Services,

U. S. Naval Observatory.

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55Time

Children before the age of two have little sense of the passage of time.

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55Time

Until the age of three, children only speak in present tense.

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55Time

Certain "primitive" tribes have no words that describe time.

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55Time

The Hopi Indians have no verb tenses

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55Time

In Ewe, a West African language, the word for tomorrow also means yesterday.

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55Time

We often look at time as a progression of events–First Grade–Middle School–High School–College–Clerk

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55Time

Man first started to crudely measure time 5,000 years ago. The long struggle to affix numbers to the passage of time parallels our organizing ourself into a complex, modern world.

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55Time

The Babylonians developed a year of 360 days, divided into 12 lunar months of 30 days.

The astronomers knew the year really should have 365 1/4 days in it but their priests insisted on 360 days because of its magical properties.

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55Time

The Egyptians used the Babylonian calendar but added five days every year for feasting while the Nile flooded. They also divided the day into two cycles of 12 hours.

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55Time

The Greeks saw time as an eternal cycle.

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55Time

Christianity changed our view of time.

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55Time

The first clock was a mechanical water clock. It was built by Su Song, a Chinese scholar in the 11th century.

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55Time

The first all mechanical clock was built in the 13th century.

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55Time

Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 gave us the present calendar (known as the GregorianCalendar)

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55Time

England changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1752. There were riots because angry citizenswere sure the move would rob them of 11 days of life.

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55Time

Mass production of pocket watches began in the 1860s.

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55Time

Time zones were developed in America in 1883. (China uses only one time zone internally today)

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55Time

In 1884 the Washington Meridian Conference divided the

world into 24 equal time zones.

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55Time

In 1905 Einstein said time was relative.

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55Time

Isaac Newton viewed time as absolute. He said it was "absolute, true and mathematical.” He also asserted that it "flows equally without relation to anything external."

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55Time

Daylight savings time was introduced in 1915.

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Research on Time Use

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55Major Research Studies

University of Maryland, John Robinson–“American’s Use of Time” (late

1980s)USA Today Poll on American’s

Views of Time (late 1980s)

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55NEA Study

The average teacher in 1961 spent how many hours a week on teaching activities (both inside and outside of school?

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55NEA Study (1961)

Teaching - 23 h, 36 mMisc. - 9 hGrading - 4 h, 34 mPlanning - 3 h, 30 mPreparing aids - 2 h, 30 m Individual help - 1 h, 36 mParents - 48 m

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55Bartholomew & Gardner

A 1981 study found that teachers spent ___ hours weekly on all teaching duties:

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55Massachusetts Teachers Association (1976)Teachers work as many hours in

5 weeks as business and industry people do in ___ weeks.–A. 4–B. 5–C. 6

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55Rush (Idaho, 1982)

__ 39.1 hours

__ 42.6 hours

__ 45.6 hours

A. Agriculture teacher

B. Principal

C. Superintendent

D. Spouse

Match: How many hours a week should the agriculture teacher work?

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55Leske (1969)

In Minnesota if was estimated that agriculture teachers work ___ hours per week.

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55Peterson (Minnesota, 1977)

__ 52 h, 6 min.

__ 51 h, 21 min.

__ 50 h., 53 min.

A. First year agri. teacher

B. 2nd year agri. teacher

C. 3rd year agri. teacher

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55Peterson

__ 46 h, 48 min.

__ 48 h, 23 min.

__ 48 h., 26 min.

Teachers with 4+ yrs experience

A. Single teacher department.

B. 2 teacher department.

C. 3 teacher department.

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55Dillon (1976)

Nebraska agriculture teachers work ___ hours a week.

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55Pennsylvania/Louisiana

County extension agents average working _________ hours a week.

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55ECOP Task Force (1981)

“Extension organizational managers need to critically examine policies and practices in relation to their effects upon the family life of Extension employees”

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55Stress and burnout

Research in extension is spotty–Ohio–Minnesota–Kentucky–Illinois–Pennsylvania–Colorado

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55Minnesota

Stress and burnout are problems in extension

56% of agents report job stress as having an effect on their marriage

Stress is worst with 4-H agents and Home Economics

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55Ohio (1986)

Stress is worst with 4-H agents, then young agents, then single agents

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55Kentucky (1984)

4-H agents had higher higher stress scores than normal adults.

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55Illinois (1983)

54% of the agents said job related stress was affecting their marital and social relationships.

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55Pennsylvania (1984)

Agents reported their job affected their family life more negatively than positively.

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55Colorado (1988)

Newer agents were under more stress.

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55Radhakrishna & Yoder

A 1991 study of County Extension Directors in Pennsylvania found a significant relationship between time management score and job performance score. Similar results were found in Maryland.

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55Fetsch & Kennington (1997)

“Incorporate time and stress management strategies into one’s daily life.”

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55University Professors

Seven independent studies have found professors work:–A. 23-25 hours a week–B. 35-37 hours a week–C. 41-43 hours a week–D. 48-50 hours a week–E. 55-57 hours a week–E. 55-57 hours a week

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55Summary

Ag teachers and extension agents work 50-55 hours a week.

Long hours add to job and marital stress

Time management techniques helps

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55Course Information

The course syllabus is found at: http://www.ncsu.edu/cals/agexed/aee530

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55Course Topics (in order)

Time and its UseTime Management SystemsBuilding the Foundation - Goals

and Mission StatementEffectively using a time

management system

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55Course Topics (in order)

Fighting the Paper Tiger (clutter, files, office organization)

Overcoming ProcrastinationHandling Time WastersEmpowerment

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55Course Topics (in order)

Time Management Tips and Research

Organizing the homeNutrition, exercise and time

management\Sleep and time management

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55Course Topics (in order)

TQM and time managementStudent research projects

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55Assignments

PROPERLY use a time management system (20%)

Read a time management book (15%)

Find 3 journal articles and synthesize them (10%)

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55Assignments

Self directed learning activity (25%)–Mini-research project or

–Research paper or

–Journal article

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55Assignments

1-2 page “What I’m going to do differently in the future” paper (10%)

Final Mastery Exam (group activity) (20%)