priority management in agricultural and extension education aee 530 gary moore
TRANSCRIPT
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Priority Management in Agricultural and Extension
Education
AEE 530
Gary Moore
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55Priority Management
Has the world (and time) become more hectic and hurried during the past 40 years or has it slowed down?
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55Priority Management
Divide into small groups and make a list of “things” that didn’t exist 40 years ago that have contributed to our hectic life style.
Describe a typical Sunday 40 years ago and today
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55Time
Since 1973 the average number of hours worked per week in America by the typical worker has:–A. Decreased
–B. Remained the same
–C. Increased
From 38 to 45 hours
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55Time
The amount of leisure time enjoyed by Americans has decreased by ___ since 1973.
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55Time
Of the industrialized nations in the world, the number of hours worked yearly by Americans ranks us:
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55Research
The Japanese word “karoshi” means:–A. Quality first
–B. Bury the world
–C. Death by overwork
–D. Work is play
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What is this thing called
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55Time
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55Time
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55Time
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55Time
"For what is time? Who is able to explain it? ... Surely we understand well enough when we speak of it. What then is time? If nobody asks me I know, but if I were desirous to explain it to someone else - plainly I know not."
St. Augustine
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55Time
Time is a continuum in which events succeed one another from past through present to future.
Webster's Dictionary
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55Time
“We have given more attention to measuring time than to anything in nature, but time remains an abstraction, a riddle that only exists in our minds.”
Gernot Winkler, Director of Time Services,
U. S. Naval Observatory.
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Children before the age of two have little sense of the passage of time.
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55Time
Until the age of three, children only speak in present tense.
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55Time
Certain "primitive" tribes have no words that describe time.
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55Time
The Hopi Indians have no verb tenses
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55Time
In Ewe, a West African language, the word for tomorrow also means yesterday.
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We often look at time as a progression of events–First Grade–Middle School–High School–College–Clerk
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55Time
Man first started to crudely measure time 5,000 years ago. The long struggle to affix numbers to the passage of time parallels our organizing ourself into a complex, modern world.
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55Time
The Babylonians developed a year of 360 days, divided into 12 lunar months of 30 days.
The astronomers knew the year really should have 365 1/4 days in it but their priests insisted on 360 days because of its magical properties.
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55Time
The Egyptians used the Babylonian calendar but added five days every year for feasting while the Nile flooded. They also divided the day into two cycles of 12 hours.
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55Time
The Greeks saw time as an eternal cycle.
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55Time
Christianity changed our view of time.
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55Time
The first clock was a mechanical water clock. It was built by Su Song, a Chinese scholar in the 11th century.
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55Time
The first all mechanical clock was built in the 13th century.
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55Time
Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 gave us the present calendar (known as the GregorianCalendar)
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55Time
England changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1752. There were riots because angry citizenswere sure the move would rob them of 11 days of life.
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55Time
Mass production of pocket watches began in the 1860s.
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55Time
Time zones were developed in America in 1883. (China uses only one time zone internally today)
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55Time
In 1884 the Washington Meridian Conference divided the
world into 24 equal time zones.
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55Time
In 1905 Einstein said time was relative.
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55Time
Isaac Newton viewed time as absolute. He said it was "absolute, true and mathematical.” He also asserted that it "flows equally without relation to anything external."
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55Time
Daylight savings time was introduced in 1915.
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Research on Time Use
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55Major Research Studies
University of Maryland, John Robinson–“American’s Use of Time” (late
1980s)USA Today Poll on American’s
Views of Time (late 1980s)
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55NEA Study
The average teacher in 1961 spent how many hours a week on teaching activities (both inside and outside of school?
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55NEA Study (1961)
Teaching - 23 h, 36 mMisc. - 9 hGrading - 4 h, 34 mPlanning - 3 h, 30 mPreparing aids - 2 h, 30 m Individual help - 1 h, 36 mParents - 48 m
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55Bartholomew & Gardner
A 1981 study found that teachers spent ___ hours weekly on all teaching duties:
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55Massachusetts Teachers Association (1976)Teachers work as many hours in
5 weeks as business and industry people do in ___ weeks.–A. 4–B. 5–C. 6
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55Rush (Idaho, 1982)
__ 39.1 hours
__ 42.6 hours
__ 45.6 hours
A. Agriculture teacher
B. Principal
C. Superintendent
D. Spouse
Match: How many hours a week should the agriculture teacher work?
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55Leske (1969)
In Minnesota if was estimated that agriculture teachers work ___ hours per week.
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55Peterson (Minnesota, 1977)
__ 52 h, 6 min.
__ 51 h, 21 min.
__ 50 h., 53 min.
A. First year agri. teacher
B. 2nd year agri. teacher
C. 3rd year agri. teacher
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55Peterson
__ 46 h, 48 min.
__ 48 h, 23 min.
__ 48 h., 26 min.
Teachers with 4+ yrs experience
A. Single teacher department.
B. 2 teacher department.
C. 3 teacher department.
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55Dillon (1976)
Nebraska agriculture teachers work ___ hours a week.
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55Pennsylvania/Louisiana
County extension agents average working _________ hours a week.
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55ECOP Task Force (1981)
“Extension organizational managers need to critically examine policies and practices in relation to their effects upon the family life of Extension employees”
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55Stress and burnout
Research in extension is spotty–Ohio–Minnesota–Kentucky–Illinois–Pennsylvania–Colorado
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55Minnesota
Stress and burnout are problems in extension
56% of agents report job stress as having an effect on their marriage
Stress is worst with 4-H agents and Home Economics
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55Ohio (1986)
Stress is worst with 4-H agents, then young agents, then single agents
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55Kentucky (1984)
4-H agents had higher higher stress scores than normal adults.
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55Illinois (1983)
54% of the agents said job related stress was affecting their marital and social relationships.
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55Pennsylvania (1984)
Agents reported their job affected their family life more negatively than positively.
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55Colorado (1988)
Newer agents were under more stress.
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55Radhakrishna & Yoder
A 1991 study of County Extension Directors in Pennsylvania found a significant relationship between time management score and job performance score. Similar results were found in Maryland.
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55Fetsch & Kennington (1997)
“Incorporate time and stress management strategies into one’s daily life.”
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55University Professors
Seven independent studies have found professors work:–A. 23-25 hours a week–B. 35-37 hours a week–C. 41-43 hours a week–D. 48-50 hours a week–E. 55-57 hours a week–E. 55-57 hours a week
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55Summary
Ag teachers and extension agents work 50-55 hours a week.
Long hours add to job and marital stress
Time management techniques helps
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55Course Information
The course syllabus is found at: http://www.ncsu.edu/cals/agexed/aee530
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55Course Topics (in order)
Time and its UseTime Management SystemsBuilding the Foundation - Goals
and Mission StatementEffectively using a time
management system
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55Course Topics (in order)
Fighting the Paper Tiger (clutter, files, office organization)
Overcoming ProcrastinationHandling Time WastersEmpowerment
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55Course Topics (in order)
Time Management Tips and Research
Organizing the homeNutrition, exercise and time
management\Sleep and time management
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55Course Topics (in order)
TQM and time managementStudent research projects
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55Assignments
PROPERLY use a time management system (20%)
Read a time management book (15%)
Find 3 journal articles and synthesize them (10%)
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55Assignments
Self directed learning activity (25%)–Mini-research project or
–Research paper or
–Journal article
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55Assignments
1-2 page “What I’m going to do differently in the future” paper (10%)
Final Mastery Exam (group activity) (20%)