pob stage 2 lecture 8 slides the english legal system
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Principles of Business
Topic: Introduction to Law (1) The English Legal System
Stage 2 Lecture 8
2
Learning outcomes
By the end of this session, you will be able to:• Explain the sources of English Law• Explain the structure of the main institutions
of the English Legal System• Demonstrate understanding of the role of the
personnel of the legal profession and associated professions.
• Define key legal terms
?Q: Which rules have the force of
law?
A: It depends on their source.
Sources of law
Customs
Human Rights Act 1998
EU law
SIs
Statutes
EquityCase law
Treaties
Equity
Legal Owner
Beneficial owner
Exercises rights of ownership on behalf of and for benefit of :
• Fiduciary duties• Examples – charity
trustees, company directors, solicitors
The Trust
Case law
• Develops gradually and pragmatically as disputes are decided in the courts
• Legal principles develop which courts then have to follow – doctrine of precedent.
• Lower courts must follow the previous decisions of higher courts.
The ratio (or legal principle)
Each case will have a decision and a ratio decidendi: the reason for deciding.
Example: Donoghue v Stevenson
Decision: Donoghue wins – Stevenson pays damages
Ratio: (1) Manufacturers owe a duty of care to consumers
(2) The Neighbour Principle
Parliament
• Acts of Parliament – statutes• Public • Private
• Delegated legislation • statutory instruments• by-laws• orders in council
EU Law
• Treaties• European Communities Act 1972• Regulations• Directives• Decisions• Judgments of the European Court of Justice
Human Rights Act
• Incorporates European Convention on Human Rights
• NB: ECHR does not originate with EU• Judges must consider• Parliament must consider
Customs
• Must exist from “time immemorial”• “Time immemorial” = 1189
Most
civil cases
County Court
Complex or
very high valuecivil cases
High CourtAppeals
Queen’s Bench Division
Chancery Division
Family Division
Civil Appeals
Court of appeal(Civil division)
Supreme Court Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Appeals from Com
monw
ealth
Criminal
Cases
Serious Criminal cases plus appeals
Magistrates’ Court
CrownCourt
Magistrates’ Courts also have some civil jurisdiction including some family cases and licensing.
Certain appeals from Magistrates’ Court to go the QBD division of the High Court.
Criminal Appeals
Court of appeal(Criminal division)
Supreme CourtJudicial Committee of
the Privy Council
Appeals from Com
monw
ealth
First-tier Tribunals
Appeals
Upper Tribunals
Employment
Immigration
Special educational
needs
Land Tax
Mental health
Social Security
Appeals
High Court
Legal Services
BarristersSolicitors
Trade MarkAgents
PatentAgents
Legal Executives
20
Essential work for next week
• Please consult the OLE for details of:– Essential readings*– Seminar/workshop preparation work*– Recommended further readings– Any additional learning
* Essential readings and preparation work must always be completed in time for the next session
End of presentation
© Pearson College 2013
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