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Alberto Olivares ColásMarch 1st, 2013
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A
SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)
Master of Science in Geospatial TechnologiesPhD. Professor Laura Díaz Sánchez - University Jaume I (Spain)PhD. Professor Joaquín Huerta Guijarro - University Jaume I (Spain)PhD. Professor Roberto Henriques - University Nova de Lisboa (Portugal)
Index of the Presentation:1. Introduction2. Study area. PROTEP project3. Previous situation4. Objectives5. Indigenous communities cartographic
integration process6. Spatial Database Management
System (SDBMS)7. Rio Platano Region SDI 8. Results9. Conclusions
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)2
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)3
Why participation of the indigenous communities?
They are the ones with the best knowledge of the territory.
Participation improves communication and cooperation.
Motivation during the participatory decision-making process.
Participation results in better decisions.
(Narayanasamy, N., 2009)
1. Introduction
http://www.autism-community.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ParentParticipation-Main.jpg
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)4
Ground Mapping Participatory 3-D modelling mapping
Sketch Mapping Aerial and Remote sensing images
Participatory mapping methodologies1. Introduction
(International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 2009)
2. Study Area. PROTEP Project
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)5
Heritage of Man and the Biosphere by UNESCO in 1982.
One of the few remaining tropical rainforest areas in Central America.
The surface is 900 thousand hectares.
Population of approximately 150 thousand inhabitants.
2.000 indigenous people have preserved their traditional way of life.
Communications within the area are complicated due to mountainous
terrain, and unpaved roads.
Management and protection of natural resources.
Land management at the community level.
2. Study Area. PROTEP Project
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)6
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)7
2. Study Area. PROTEP Project
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)8
2. Study Area. PROTEP Project
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)9
Cadastre
PostgreSQL format NO metadata
Socio-economical
Environmental
Anthropologicalhttp://www.blakejennelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/guy-alone-on-an-island2.jpg
3. Previous situationOrganizing the Cartographic information
Shapefile format NO metadata
Paper Maps NO metadata
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)10
Municipalities ICF Offices
Other entities
Inhabitants of the RegionNGO´s
3. Previous situationAgents in the Area
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)11
Research Objectives
4. Objectives
Design the methodology to obtain information from the
indigenous communities:
Cadastral.
Socio-environmental information.
Methodology of digitizing. GIS software.
Global structure of the SDI Rio Platano Region.
Design the platform to share all the available information with the
different agents. Including Indigenous communities.
A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)12
Process to define cadastral boundariesStep
1. Preparation2. Field Work (Participatory Mapping)
Functional Habitat Map
3. Validation (Participatory Mapping)Consolidated Functional Habitat Map
4. GIS Integration5. Meetings between neighbouring communities
6. Parcel Title
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)13
Process to define cadastral boundariesStep
1. Preparation2. Field Work (Participatory Mapping)
Functional Habitat Map
3. Validation (Participatory Mapping)Consolidated Functional Habitat Map
4. GIS Integration5. Meetings between neighbouring communities
6. Parcel Title
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
The Functional Habitat is the area that the community uses to supply their basic needs.
A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)14
Process to define cadastral boundariesStep
1. Preparation2. Field Work (Participatory Mapping)
Functional Habitat Map
3. Validation (Participatory Mapping)Consolidated Functional Habitat Map
4. GIS Integration5. Meetings between neighbouring communities
6. Parcel Title
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)15
Process to define cadastral boundariesStep
1. Preparation2. Field Work (Participatory Mapping)
Functional Habitat Map
3. Validation (Participatory Mapping)Consolidated Functional Habitat Map
4. GIS Integration5. Meetings between neighbouring communities
6. Parcel Title
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
PPGIS (Participatory GIS)
Right to Use: It is defined by the Functional Habitat of the indigenous community.
Ownership Right: It is the legal term which defines the property of a piece of land.
A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)16
Process to define cadastral boundariesStep
1. Preparation2. Field Work (Participatory Mapping)
Functional Habitat Map
3. Validation (Participatory Mapping)Consolidated Functional Habitat Map
4. GIS Integration5. Meetings between neighbouring communities
6. Parcel Title
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
Right to Use: It is defined by the Functional Habitat of the indigenous community.
Ownership Right: It is the legal term which defines the property of a piece of land.
A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)17
Process to define cadastral boundariesStep
1. Preparation2. Field Work (Participatory Mapping)
Functional Habitat Map
3. Validation (Participatory Mapping)Consolidated Functional Habitat Map
4. GIS Integration5. Meetings between neighbouring communities
6. Parcel Title
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
Right to Use: It is defined by the Functional Habitat of the indigenous community.
Ownership Right: It is the legal term which defines the property of a piece of land.
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)18
Digital Land use management Pictogram Land Use
Forest area
Pine area
Colour wood (mahogany tree,…)
Human settlement
Hunting area
Livestock area
Fish area
Access route
Crops area
Invaders (Ladinos)
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)19
Conversion to GIS symbology
It is necessary to transform the image format from .tiff to .svg, which is the format used by QuantumGIS to show symbology.
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)20
Good and Practices of the territory
Pictogram Incidence Type
Burnt areas (dry period) Polygon
Flood areas (rainy season) Polygon
Jaguar killing Point
Iguana Killing Point
Natural deforestation Polygon
Human deforestation Polygon
Over-fishing Point
Artificial barriers created by man
Point
“Incidence participatory pictograms”
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
SIMONI – Integral Monitoring System
Platform to measure the management effectiveness of the Reserve.
It was designed for incorporating alphanumerical information to define environmental indexes.
It was developed the cartographic tool.
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)21
Conversion to GIS symbology
It is necessary to transform the image format from .tiff to .svg, which is the format used by QuantumGIS to show symbology.
5. INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES CARTOGRAPHIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)22
The design of a database is a complex process which requires:
To define the main purpose.
To establish the potential users.
To identify available data sources.
To define the organizational
structure or data model.
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)23
USERS AND PERMISSIONS User Cadastral
information
Read Read/
Write
Administrator X
PROTEP
workers
X
Municipality
Technicians
X
Other People X
User Socio-environmental information
Read Read/Write
Administrator X
PROTEP workers X
Municipality Technicians X
Other People X
User SIMONI
Read Read/Write
Administrator X
PROTEP workers X
ICF workers X
Other entities X
External People X
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/9363373/2/stock-illustration-9363373-shiny-icons-business-users.jpg
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)24
USERS AND PERMISSIONS
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)25
USERS AND PERMISSIONS
Superuser/Administrator:CREATE ROLE admin SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'protep2012';
Write/Read permission user:CREATE ROLE protep PASSWORD 'protep#2012#';GRANT UPDATE ON pg_tables TO protep;GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE,REFERENCES, TRIGGER ON pg_tables TO protep;
Read only permission user:CREATE ROLE munic PASSWORD 'protep@2012@';GRANT UPDATE ON pg_tables
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)26
LADM structure (PROTEP cadaster database)
LADM, "Land Administration Domain Model" described by ISO 19152 ISO / TC 211.
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)27Socio-environmental database
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)28
Structure of the SIMONI incidences database
6. SPATIAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SDBMS)
7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)29
RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
NODE STRUCTURE
HONDURAS SDI
NOT IMPLEMENTED YET
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)30
COMPONENTS OF THE SDI7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)31
7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
Cadastral
Database
Socio-environmen
tal Database
SIMONIDatabas
e
Quantum GIS
GeoExplorer
Publish
Edit
Layer Management
Users
WMS service(image)
WFS service (shapefile)
User request
Logging
ConsultCSW service
Metadata Catalogue
ReturnXML file
Published cartography
Return
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)32
AGREEMENTS AND LEGISLATION7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)33
AGREEMENTS AND LEGISLATION7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
Geoportal
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)34
AGREEMENTS AND LEGISLATION7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
Geoportal
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)35
STANDARDS7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)36
STANDARDS
Web Map Service (WMS): The response to the request is one or more geo-
registered map images (returned as JPEG, PNG, etc).
Web Feature Service (WFS): The WFS standard defines interfaces and operations for
data access and manipulation on a set of geographic features.
Web Coverage Service (WCS): defines a standard interface and operations that
enables interoperable access to geospatial "coverages".
7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
http://www.spacemetric.com/images/OGC_Logo_3D_200x95.gif
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)37
SERVICES7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)38
SERVICES – MAP SERVER8. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)39
SERVICES – MAP SERVERDatabase
Management system
Map and feature server providing standardized
web access
Web map accelerator
Rich user interface controls for the geospatial web
Javascript map controls for viewing
and editing data
7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)40
SERVICES - GEOSERVER7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)41
SERVICES - GEOSERVER7. RIO PLATANO REGION SDI
8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)42
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)43
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
Conservation targets
8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)44
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
Cadastral information
8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)45
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
User without edit permission
8. RESULTS
Functional Habitat
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)46
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
Ownership rights
8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)47
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
Print Map
8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)48
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><StyledLayerDescriptor version="1.0.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sld StyledLayerDescriptor.xsd" xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <NamedLayer> <Name>Pictograms</Name> <UserStyle> <Title>Pictograms</Title> <FeatureTypeStyle>
<Rule> <Name>1</Name> <Title>1</Title> <ogc:Filter> <ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> <ogc:PropertyName>id</ogc:PropertyName> <ogc:Literal>1</ogc:Literal> </ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo> </ogc:Filter>………………………………………………………….
It is necessary to transform the SLD code from QuantumGIS to Geoserver structure
8. RESULTS
Export Map
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)49
SERVICES - GEOEXPLORER8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)50
SERVICES - METADATA8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)51
SERVICES - METADATA8. RESULTS
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)52
SERVICES - METADATA8. RESULTS
9. Conclusion
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)53
RELATION AMONG AGENTS
Municipalities
ICF Offices
Other entities
Inhabitants of the Region
NGO´s
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)54
In the recent years, two important terms : Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI).
Both terms have difficulties in being implemented in this area due to the lack of organization and structure regarding cartographic information.
It was not possible to set aside the information offered by the ones with the most direct relation to the field. Indigenous communities.
9. Conclusion
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)55
This process is not strictly voluntary, and a different way of communication is needed; like Participatory mapping technics.
It was designed a methodology to use the information obtained from the indigenous communities in GIS software and in the new platform.
Final result is a platform in which all the agents are connected, sharing organized cartographic information obtained from all available sources (i.e. Google maps, OpenStreetMap, national organizations, regional organizations, NGOs, inhabitants and indigenous communities).
9. Conclusion
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)56
Bibliography
NARAYASAMI, N., 2009, Participatory Rural Appraisal: Principles, Methods and Application (1st ed.), Sage Publications, ISBN: 978-81-7829-885-6 (PB).
INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD), 2009, Good Practices in Participatory Mapping.
WARREN, A., 2004, International forum on indigenous mapping for indigenous advocacy and empowerment. The indigenous Communities Mapping Initiative.
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF A SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)A case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)57
Any Question?
http://pjsaunders.blogspot.com.es/2012/05/twenty-questions-atheists-struggle-to.html
Thank you very much for your attention!!
“Maps are more than pieces of paper. They are stories, conversations, lives and songs lived out in a place and are inseparable from the political and cultural contexts in which they are used.” (Warren, 2004).
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