national needs
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College of Engineering
Discovery with Purpose www.engineering.iastate.edu
REU Program, 2013
National NeedsJames McCalley (jdm@iastate.edu)
College of Engineering
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LightDuty: 61%Freight: 28%Aviation: 11%
Energy 201: the nation
https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/index.html
40%
18%
28%
College of Engineering
US ENERGY USE IS ABOUT 70% ELECTRIC & TRANSPORTATION
US CO2 EMISSIONS* IS ABOUT 71% ELECTRIC & TRANSPORTATION
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* Anthropogenic
GREENING ELECTRIC & DIVERSIFYING TRANSPORTATION IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE
NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS
College of Engineering
Solar, 1.0
Nuclear,15
Hydro, 2.95
Wind, 8.1
Geothermal 3.04
Natural Gas 23.84
Old Coal10.42
Biomass 3.88
Petroleum15.13
26.33
8.58
24.5
8.5
Unused Energy (Losse
s)43.0
Electric Generation
49.72
12.68
Used Energy42.15
Residential
11.48
Commercial
8.58
Industrial23.94
Trans-portation
15.5
15
6.82
20.54
6.95
INCREASE Non-GHG
12Q to 30Q
USE
11Q E
lectric for transportation
4.5Q
IGCC, 2.26
RE
DU
CE
CO
AL
22Q
TO
10Q
REDUCE PETROLEUM 37Q15Q LightDuty: 8.56QFreight: 3.75QAviation: 3.19Q
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College of Engineering
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Technolgy
ForecastedNERC, 2018
Hi Eff&RenewableUCS (NEMS),
2030
Hi IGCC/CCSNAE, 2035
Hi WindISU, 2035
∆GW Overnight cost
Trillion $
∆GW Overnight cost
Trillion $
∆GW Overnight cost
Trillion $
∆GW Overnight cost
Trillion $
Con Solar 20.4 0.102 238 1.195 - 0 65.5 0.329
PV solar - 0 174 1.051 - 0 58.9 0.356
Nuclear 14.8 0.049 4.4 0.015 100 0.332 60.9 0.202
Wind onshore
229 0.440 670 1.288 350 0.673 630 1.211
Wind offshore
- 0 62 0.239 - 0 80 0.307
Geothrml 0.4 .002 31.8 0.127 - 0 106 0.424
Coal convntnl
19 0.039 red 0 red 0 red 0
IGCC+seq - 0 7 0.024 400 1.400 29.5 0.103
NGCC 107 0.103 - 0 - 0 - 0
Biomass - 0 157 0.591 - 0 - 0
TOTALS 389 0.735 1344 4.516 850 2.405 1031 2.930
College of Engineering
Grand Challenge Question For Energy:
What investments should be made, how much, when, and where, at the national level, over the next 40 years, to achieve a sustainable, low cost, and resilient energy & transportation system?
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College of Engineering
NUCLEAR
GEOTHERMALSOLAR
WindBIOMASS
CLEAN-FOSSIL
Where, when, how much of each, & how to interconnect?
College of Engineering
Grand Challenges For Wind:1. Move wind energy from
where it is harvested to where it can be used
2. Develop economically-attractive methods to accommodate increased variability and uncertainty introduced by large wind penetrations in operating the grid.
3. Improve wind turbine/farm economics (decrease investment and maintenance costs, increase operating revenues).
4. Address potential concerns about local siting, including wildlife, aesthetics, and impact on agriculture.
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