iii a2 national framework on housing needs edited

8/10/2019 III a2 National Framework on Housing Needs Edited

1/45

NATIONAL FRAMEWORK ON HOUSING NEEDS

I. INTRODUCTION/RATIONALE

In order to ensure security of shelter for the Filipino family and

provide aordable and decent housing, especially for the poor, the2005-2010 Medium-erm !hilippine "evelopment !lan #M!"!$ citesthree #%$ &ey challenges for the housing construction sector' hesechallenges are( #i$ meeting the rapidly gro)ing housing need* #ii$e+panding participation of private sector in socialied housingnancing and construction* and #iii$ strengthening capacity ofhousing institutions'

.overnment and private sector can conceive of )ell-thoughtstrategies and convergent action plan in addressing thesechallenges' Its success, ho)ever, largely depends on the reliabilityof e+isting housing statistics and appropriateness of frame)or& to

guide estimation procedure'he /tatistical esearch and raining enter #/$, as the

research and training arm of the !hilippine /tatistical /ystem, incollaboration )ith ousing and 3rban "evelopment andoordinating ouncil #3"$, conducts a research pro4ect entitledousing 6ac&log /tudy7 under the "evelopment of /helterMonitoring Information /ystem #"/MI/$'7 )o of the e+pectedoutputs in this pro4ect are( #i$ revie) of the frame)or& on housingneeds vis-8-vis bac&log and #ii$ ma&e recommendations of analternative frame)or& of housing needs )ithin the purvie) ofM!"!' From the recommended frame)or&, better estimates ofhousing needs vis-8-vis bac&log can be generated'

II. EXPECTED OUTPUT AND SCOPE OF WORK

he series of consultations involving participation of inter-agencies, both from the government and private sectors, resulted inan Improved Frame)or& of ousing 9eeds'7 It should beemphasied that this study is not limited to the bac&log7 as acomponent of the ousing 9eeds but includes all other componentsthat go into the estimation process of housing needs and targetsetting'

he revie) loo&s into ho) the estimates on housing )asderived, evaluate the statistics used, including the sources, and)hether or not these adhered closely to the prescribed 3nited9ation:s component method of estimating housing needs in all the!lan periods' 6ased on this revie), some recommendations toimprove the estimation process may be formulated' oncepts anddenition of terms may be rmed up so that these cannot bemisinterpreted'

he rest of the ob4ectives )ill be realied once the frame)or&is developed' /hould the 3'9' component method be adopted still,other alternative methods of estimation )ill be pursued' hese

alternatives may be used or replace the present method forvalidation purposes or estimation of housing needs duringintercensal periods' he ensus of !opulation and ousing #!$,


2/45

)here benchmar& data on housing stoc& and other housingcharacteristics are gathered, is conducted only every 10 years, inyears ending in ero' he last census )as conducted in 2000 andthe ne+t is scheduled to start in May 2010'

2


3/45

III. REVIEW OF LEGISLATIONS AND STRATEGIC PLANS ONHOUSING

A. Important L!"#$at"on# on Ho%#"n!

here are helpful legislations that can be cited as bases for

planning and setting up housing targets for construction, slumupgrading, housing nance and other housing assistance' heseinformation, useful to the !hilippine /tatistical /ystem #!//$ inresponding to the statistical needs of the housing sector, are thefollo)ing(

1' ;+ecutive


4/45

c' Mandated developers to improve areas for socialiedhousing eAuivalent to 20 percent of the total subdivisionarea or total subdivision pro4ect cost through any of thefollo)ing( /lum upgrading or rene)al of an

area for priority development #@!"$* Doint venture pro4ects )ith E.3s

or any of the &ey housing agencies in order to attainan eAuitable regional distribution of housing benets*and

!articipation in the ommunityMortgage !rogram #M!$'

d' .ave E.3s the responsibility to implement @ B2B=)ithin their respective localities'

&. R'"( o) E#t"mat# o) Ho%#"n! N*# an* Ho%#"n!&a+,$o!# "n t- MTPDP

he revie) on the frame)or& on ousing 6ac&log7 shall bedone )ithin the purvie) of the Medium-erm !hilippine "evelopment!lan #M!"!$ 200C-2010 and the !hilippine /tatistical "evelopment!lan #!/"!$ 2005-2010' o)ever, there is a need to revie) thedierent estimates on housing needs, bac&logs, targets andaccomplishments involving several planning periods' he revie) )illdetermine )hether there is a problem in the estimation process' herevie) )ill include terms used in the housing sector, correspondingconcepts and denitions used in the !lans for reconciliation orlin&ing to the e+isting database of the !//'

1' !lan !eriod 1=>B-1==2

In the overvie) of this planning period, the housing problem ofthe country is t)ofold( rst is the problem of Auantity, i'e', the needfor ne) housing stoc& for natural population and household gro)th*and second is the problem of Auality, i'e', the need to upgradee+isting stoc& of ma&eshift and light material housing'

he housing need for the !lan period 1=>B-1==2 )asestimated at %'%B? million d)elling units for the country' Fifty-threepercent #5%$ or 1'B?> million are needed in rural areas and CBpercent or 1'?0> million are in urban areas'


5/45

c' Middle %0 percent of families in theincome decile that can generally aord !>>C for housinge+penses* and,

d' 3pper 20 percent of families in theincome decile that can aord !%,20C monthlyamortiation'

For the period 1=>B-1==2, the government pro4ected theconstruction of ?2?,>B0 d)elling units representing %= percent oftotal urban housing need' @ssistance )as sourced from thecombined allocations of [email protected]. Fund, ./I/, ///, budgetaryallocation and e+ternal funding support' 9 has a share of 2CC,000constructed units, eAuivalent to C2 percent of the region:s housingtarget for construction' he pro4ected cost of the housing units to beconstructed for the si+-year period )as !%0 billion'

onceptsG"enitions of erms

a' omponents of ousing 9eeds asused in the !lan Future needs of ne) households due to(

a$ Increase in populationGhousehold attributed tone) formation and in-migration

b$ eplacement of e+isting stoc& attributed toage and deterioration

6ac&log consists of(a$ "oubled-up householdsb$ /ubstandard d)elling unitsc$ eAuired slum upgradingd$ omeless

b' ousing needs comprised of bac&log and the futureneeds'

c' 6ac&log consists of t)o ma4or components( #i$ thereduction of doubled-up households and substandardd)elling units, and urgently reAuired slum upgrading* and#ii$ the provisions of sites and services for marginalincome families'

d' Future needs include demand for ne) houses due tone) household formation and rural to urban in-migrationand replacement of e+isting stoc& due to age anddeterioration'

e' Indicators of Auality as basis in the provision of servicesare electricity, )ater and sanitation particularly in urban

areas #presence of toilet is an indicator of sanitation$'f' 3rban and rural areas as used in the !lan refer to thedenition of 9/


6/45

!%=2 per month housing e+penses of those in theCthand 5thdeciles of families in the income ladder

!>>C per month housing e+penses of thosebelonging to the ?thto >th income decile of families inthe income ladder

!%20C per month housing e+penses of those

belonging to the =th and 10th income decile offamilies in the income ladder

4' ")elling units - it is presumed that 9/< denition )asused because the data )as ta&en from it' @ d)elling unitis also eAuivalent to living Auarters' o)ever, d)ellingunits referred to in the pro4ected units for constructionrefer to houses not in accordance )ith the denition of9/< as gathered in the !'

&' ousing units H denition used should be claried since9/< and the housing sector may not dene this term onthe same level'

l' enure of d)elling units Ha standard denition and

classication is found in the ensus' In the housingindustry, it may refer to the house, li&e tenure of houseand tenure of lots for single detached residential building'In the ensus, )e can classify the type of building of ad)elling unit )hether it is single, duple+, accessoria,apartment or condominium H and compare it )ith single-detached housing units constructed in subdivisions'

m' 9atural population and household gro)th H here is alsoa standard denition for !

2' !lan !eriod 1==%-1==>

For 1==%-1==>, the 3" approved the 9ational"evelopment and ousing Frame)or& In March 1==%' heframe)or& reiterated the policy thrusts and strategies for shelterand urban development and directed that ?5 percent of the housingassistance be given to the lo)est 50 percent of the population' he9/! is not 4ust one program but a set of programs implemented bydierent agencies' he 9/! pursuant to ;< =0, identied areas ofconcern that focused on the follo)ing program thrusts(

a' .overnment assistance for families )ithin the povertyline*

b' "evelopment of a comprehensive program for sAuattersettlement*

c' ;ncouragement of ma+imum private sectorparticipation* and

d' ;nhancement of e+isting housing nance deliverysystem'

From 1==% to 1==>, housing needs or deciency in housing)as estimated at a total of %'B2C million housing units, )ith 2'>5%million units for future housing needs and >B%,000 units of bac&log'

he 9/!, during this period, originally targeted assistance of 1'2Cmillion households or roughly %% percent of housing needs' hegure )as later claried to be 1'2C million units of housingassistance, a contact-based measure eAuivalent to assistance

e+tended to >>=,50C households' From Danuary 1==%-/eptember1==>, the 9/! provided 1,%5B,025 units of housing assistance to

?


7/45

?2%,05% households' @gainst an aggregate target, this translated toan accomplishment rate of 10='C? percent and B1'%B percent,respectively' o)ever, only 2>1,CC% households )ere classiedunder the socialied housing program'

0,000 and belo)' his has been updated to !C00,000'

B


8/45

b' ontact-based measure means if one householdreceives, say, production assistance from 9@, nancingfrom 9MF, and a credit guarantee #indirectly$ fromI., then three units of housing assistance )ill berecorded, rather than assistance to one household'

c' 3nits of housing assistance is dierent from housing

unitsd' ousing units H presumed to be housese' ousehold population as dened by 9/< in the !f' ousehold as dened by 9/< in the !g' /ubstandard housing H has to be clearly denedh' @nnual !opulation gro)th H as dened in the !i' @nnual replacement rate H based on 39 standard of 2

percent annually'4' "oubled-up households H as dened in the ! )here

t)o or more households live in d)elling units intended forone householdGfamily

&' !ercent households )ith Eand o)ned H computed from

the !l' !ercent households )ith Eand rented H computed fromthe !

m' !ercent households )ith no land tenure H there is nocategory as no land tenure7 in the ! although there is


9/45

/ource( ousing and 3rban "evelopment oordinating ouncil #3"$L Figures as of Dune 200C

It is noted, ho)ever, that in the M!"! for /helter 1===-200C,)hich contains the blueprint for shelter and urban development forthe period, the presentation of housing needs and targets )as

entirely dierent from the previous format of 9/!' hat )asprogrammed for the !lan period 1===-200C )as 161906598 %n"t#housing assistance eAuivalent to 50=,%0% d)elling units'

he !lan targets for 1===-200C )hich are tagged as !riority/ubsector @ctivities #for production only$ are the follo)ing(

Pr"or"t; A+t"'"t;A!n+;

Tar!t# 1::: 2003

No. o)Ho%#-o$*#

No. o)Ho%#"n!

A##"#tan+1.1 So+"a$"C,500

-

%5,51%-

->0:6505

?7>.1:@

=0,000CB,1=0

-252,1001%0,000>C,500

C0=,?00

%5,51%?%,=B?

1B,500161906598

1. E+onom"+ Ho%#"n!L etail EendingL etail .uarantee#55$

S%=2tota$

"MFI.

12=,>5= =B,??0

96>1:?:.1 @

12=,>5= =B,??0

96>1:

1.5 Ot-r#L etail EendingL etail .uarantees#25$L "evelopment.uarantees #50$

S%=2tota$

"MFI.I.

-CC,%=1

-

3365:1?>.78@

-CC,%=1?%,=B?

1086577

Tota$ )or Pro*%+t"on 98161

16>07675

/ource of basic data( Medium-erm !hilippine "evelopment !lan for /helter#1===-200C$

he use of the term housing units7 as the unit of reporting

housing needs should be adeAuately dened in the !lan so thatthere is no misinterpretation )hen targets for accomplishments are

=


10/45

to be made' In the above priority activity, targeted )ere units ofhousing assistance for socialied housing eAuivalent to theestimated bac&log of housing units' o)ever, the estimatedbac&logs may not necessarily be in terms of units of housingassistance but d)elling units that need to be programmed forconstruction'

C' !lan !eriod 2005-2010

For !lan !eriod 2005-2010, the housing need )as estimated at%,B5?,0B2 housing units, of )hich =>C,C?? or 2?'2 percent of thetotal housing need are classied as housing bac&log, 1>?,%CCsubstandard units or about 5 percent for upgrading, and the rest,numbering 2,5>5,2B2 or ?>'> percent are housing units for ne)households'

he composition of the housing need in this plan period isdierent from the other plan periods' It consists of ousing 6ac&log,

/ubstandard #3pgrading$ and 9e) ouseholds' ousing 6ac&log iscomposed of doubled-up housing, replacement andGor Informal/ettlers and omeless' @ll the terms used in the estimation ofhousing need )ere not dened in the !lan document' he housingneed for 2005-2010 is sho)n belo)'

HOUSING NEED 00>2010

Cat!or; Tota$ousing 6ac&log :836377- "oubled-3p ousing %>B,%15- eplacementGInformal/ettlers

5>>,>5%

- omeless >,2=>

S%=#tan*ar*?Up!ra*"n!

1876553

N( Ho%#-o$*# 6>8>69Tota$ 569>7609

/ource( 3"

he housing need at the national level )as furtherdisaggregated by region, ho)ever, the detailed components )erenot sho)n in the regional brea&do)n belo)( HOUSING NEED PER REGION 00>2010

R!"on

Ann%

a$&a+,$o!

C%m%$at"' &a+,$o! an* N( Ho%#-o$*#

00> 007 009 008 00: 010 Tota$

9 5>,C12>2,1>

2>2,C%

C>2,?>

=>2,=C

?>%,20

?>%,C?

=C=?,=2

>@ 1,%0= ?,C=C ?,5>= ?,?>5 ?,B>% ?,>>2 ?,=>C C0,C1?

I 5,55? 25,02B25,CC

?25,>B

C2?,%1

02?,B5

B2B,21

215?,?2

?

II C,0B> 1B,B251>,0%

21>,%C

?1>,??

B1>,==

51=,%%

0111,0=

C

III 12,5?=B1,=%

>B%,>%

BB5,B=

>BB,>2

1B=,=0

=>2,0?

CC?1,%?

>

IN 2%,>2

B

12B,>

B2

1%1,B

C2

1%5,B

5B

1%=,=

20

1CC,2

%=

1C>,B

1>

>2>,2C

>N 12,2?B

2>,2>>

2>,2>>

2>,>%0

2=,10=

2=,%=2

2=,?B=

1B%,>55

10


11/45

NI 1?,>1?%?,=C

1%B,25

5%B,5B

C%B,>=

>%>,22

B%>,5?

122?,C5

5

NII 10,5B>C5,>>

0C?,>?

5CB,>B

BC>,=1

>C=,=>

>51,0>

B2=0,?1

?

NIII B,2>1 1>,B??1>,=C

01=,11

?1=,2=

C1=,CB

?1=,??

0115,25

2

IO B,?C2 21,>2C 22,1%% 22,CC= 22,BB2 2%,101 2%,C%> 1%5,B1B

O 5,=12 1>,>>01=,1?

C1=,C5

51=,B5

120,05

C20,%?

C11B,??

>

OI 11,15>C1,=2

2C2,B2

2C%,5C

2CC,%>

CC5,2C

>C?,1%

C2?%,=5

2

OII ?,??1 1>,0%%1>,2B

01>,51

11>,B5

>1=,00

=1=,2?

?111,>C

B

@MM 5,12?22,>0

02%,C>

22C,1=

02C,=2

?25,?=

12?,C>

C1CB,5B

C@@.@

5,=C2

12,B=1

12,=02

1%,01?

1%,1%1

1%,2C>

1%,%?B B>,C5?

Tota$1:>61

55

>:965

7

70865

90

71:69

08

75165

8:

73563

7>>68

1

569>76

09/ource( 3"

In the !lan document, the @nnual 6ac&log term )as also note+plained, thus the 1=5,1%% gure may be obscured' he totalnational housing bac&log as reported in the 2005-2010 !lan is=>C,C?? units' If )e )ill multiply the annual bac&log by ?#considering that the span of the !lan is si+ years$ )e )ill obtain1,1B0,B=>, a dierence of 1>?,%%2 units' It can be deduced from thenational data that the housing bac&log annual target included the/ubstandard7 units for upgrading distributed in the dierentregions' hus, it is really important to &no) the denition of theterms used to leave no room for misinterpretation'

For the plan period, the housing sector targets to pursue theprovision of housing for a total target of 1,1C5,??> households orhousing units #)ith assumption that there is one household in onehousing unit$ valued at !21B'0C billion )ith a ?> percent to %2percent ratio in favor of socialied housing' his target is a "irectousing !rovision based program of the government, a combinationof housing units constructed and housing supportGservices'

C. R'"( o) t- P-"$"pp"n Stat"#t"+a$ D'$opmnt P$an00>2010

he follo)ing table sho)s the detailed /tatistical Frame)or&as contained in the !hilippine /tatistical "evelopment !lan 2005-2010' his frame)or& shall be used as the basic reference in theformulation of an improved frame)or& on ousing 6ac&log'

DETAILED STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR HOUSING PSDP 00>2010

Componnt#

K; "n*"+ator# So%r+FrB%n

+;D"##m"nat"

onHo%#"n! #to+,ousing

structure sieousing

1' @deAuacy inde+ of

housing units2' atio of netaddition to housing

9/$';1Q he number of living Auarters reAuired for households

)ithout shelter #homeless$'

;2Q he number of acceptable living Auarters reAuired forhouseholds occupying living Auarters of an unacceptabletype'

;%Q he number of living Auarters reAuired to provideseparate accommodation for households involuntarilydoubled-up )ith other households in living Auarters of anacceptable type'

;C Q he number of living Auarters reAuired to reduce levelsof density #persons per room or area per person$ inacceptable living Auarters to a desired level'

;5 Q he number of living Auarters reAuired to replace livingAuarters )hich are of an acceptable type but substandardor dilapidated and beyond repair at the beginning of theperiod covered by the estimates'

;B#t$Qhe number of living Auarters that )ill be reAuired tohouse the pro4ected increase in the number ofhouseholds during the period #t$ covered by theestimates'

;>#t$Qhe number of living Auarters that )ill be reAuired toreplace living Auarters of an acceptable type )hich )illbe lost from the inventory during the period #t$ coveredby the estimates'

9ote( he housing needs e+pressed in ;C may be met byincreasing the sie #number of rooms or area$ of the living Auartersthat )ill be constructed to meet the needs reSected by ;1, ;2, ;%, ;C,;5, ;B, and ;>' In this case ;C )ould be omitted from the aboveeAuation'

It should be remembered also that living Auarters )hich havebeen included in the estimates to provide separate accommodationfor doubled-up households and potential households )ill also havethe eect of reducing levels of density' his fact either has to beta&en into account )hen preparing the estimates #by e+cluding fromestimates of overcro)ding, doubled-up households or potentialhouseholds for )hom additional living Auarters have been includedin the estimates$ or during the consolidation of the estimates, byallo)ing for possible overlap'

b' rude method

In most countries the total population and rate of populationincrease are &no)n and there is a rough idea of the sie of the

households' If, in addition, data can be obtained on the total numberof acceptable units in the housing inventory and their average

15


16/45

useful life, this information can be used to provide a reasonablygood indication of the magnitude of the housing problem' 3ndersuch circumstances, over-all housing needs T;#t$U may be e+pressedas follo)s(

;#t$ Q H 3 R #t$ R r3#t$

Q he number of households as of the beginning of theperiod covered by the estimate'

3 Q he number of unacceptable living Auarters in theinventory as of the beginning of the period covered bythe estimate'

#t$Q he pro4ected increase in the number of householdsduring the period covered by the estimate'

r Q !ercentage rate at )hich acceptable living Auarters )illneed to be replaced during the period covered by theestimates'

9ote( he above estimate does not include maintenance and

repairs )hich are dealt )ith separately'

he crude estimates obtained )ould reSect the total numberof d)ellings #or other acceptable living Auarters$ reAuired toeliminate the e+isting housing shortage, plus the number reAuiredto house the increase in the number of households and to replaceunits lost due to obsolescence and other causes during a speciedperiod' o arrive at this estimate, information is reAuired on thenumber of households by type of living Auarters occupied, thee+pected increase in the number of households during the periodand the number of living Auarters that )ill need to be replacedduring the same period'

he types of living Auarters to be ta&en into account indetermining the number of acceptable units available are thefollo)ing(

Eiving Auarters are structurally separate and independentplaces of abode' hey may #i$ have been constructed, built,converted or arranged for human habitation, provided that they arenot at the time of the census used )holly for other purposes andthat, in the case of mobile housing units, improvised housing unitsand living Auarters other than housing units, are occupied at thetime of the census, or #ii$ although not intended for habitation,actually be in use as such at the time of the census'

he living Auarters as dened above is either housing units orliving Auarters other than housing units' he classication belo) hasbeen designed to group in broad classes housing units and livingAuarters other than housing units )ith similar structuralcharacteristics'

1. HOUSING UNITS

a' onventional d)ellingsb' Mobile housing unitsc' Marginal housing units

Improvised housing units

1?


17/45

ousing units in permanent buildings not intended forhuman habitation


18/45

and )ithout predetermined plan, for the purpose ofhabitation of one household and )hich is beingutilied as living Auarters at the time of the census'

ousing units in permanent buildings notintended for human habitation H included in thiscategory are housing units #in permanent buildings$

that have not been built, constructed, converted orarranged for human habitation but )hich are actuallyin use as living Auarters at the time of the census'

hese include housing units in stables, barns, mills,garages, oces, booths and so forth'


19/45

pro4ections published as Monograph 9o' 1> of a 39F!@-9/

2' Future 9eeda' 9e) householdsb' eplacement of inventory losses

eduction in levels of density #persons per room ratio$ )as notconsidered in the component method due to the provision of anallo)able separate accommodation for doubled-up households, thusallo)ing for a reduction in density'


20/45

he average life span for a d)elling unit is assumed to be50 years for those made of concrete, %0 years ford)elling units made of lumber and .I sheets* and 20years for d)ellings made of bamboo, nipa, and cogon'

ranslated into percentages, d)ellings made of strongmaterials reAuire a replacement allo)ance of 2 percent

annually* for combination of light and strong materials,%'%% percent replacement allo)ance annually* )hile forlight materials, 5 percent annually'

C. R'"( O) HUDCC# G%"*$"n# For T- Prparat"on o)Lo+a$ S-$tr P$an#>

3":s .uidelines for the !reparation of Eocal /helter!lans7 )as formulated as reference of Eocal .overnment 3nits#E.3s$ in the preparation of a local shelter plan' ith particularreference to 6'2 /helter 9eeds @ssessment, @nne+ ? #ousing 9eedalculation$ and other pertinent anne+es, revisiting the guidelines

intends to evaluate )hether the components in the estimation ofhousing need as recommended by the UN Method of Estimating HousingNeedsis adhered to by the prescribed formula herein #/helter 9eeds@ssessment$ and that if such procedures can be adopted forestimation of housing needs at the national level'

he /helter 9eed @ssessment involved t)o ma4orcomponents, namely( #i$ 9eed for 9e) 3nits, and #ii$ 3pgrading9eeds' It is therefore presumed that the same components areused in the computation of housing need' he 9eed for 9e) 3nitscan be identied as the physical aspects of housing )hereconstruction of ne) housing units are needed )hile the 3pgrading9eeds is the social aspect of housing'1. NEED FOR NEW HOUSING UNITS

9eed for ne) housing units consists of( #i$ housing bac&log,and #ii$ ne) units needed due to future population gro)th'

a' ousing 6ac&log is dened as the number of d)ellingunits needed at the beginning of the planning period dueto( "oubled-up households "isplaced units omeless

"oubled-up householdGdouble occupancy e+ists )hen oned)elling unit is shared by t)o or more households'

ousehold as dened by 9/< is a social unit consisting ofa person or a group of persons )ho sleep in the same d)ellingunit and have a common arrangement for the preparation andconsumption of food'

"ata source( he 9/< ensus of !opulation and ousing#!$ provides data on doubled-up household as atio of

5 his paper )as prepared in collaboration )ith 39 abitat )ith funding from.overnment of Finland

20


21/45

ouseholds to


22/45

o)ever, this pro4ection may still be made available after oneyear' 6y then, another census result )ill be available'

c' 9e) 3nits 9eeded due to !opulation .ro)th H his is thetotal number of units needed to supply the demand ofne) households formed'

omputation( he otal 9umber of 9e) 3nits needed isderived from the dierence in the number of households inthe last planning year and the base year' If three multiyear,say 5-year periods have been used, ne) housing unitsneeded due to population gro)th comes from the dierenceof the number of households at the end of that 5-year periodand the number of households at the end of former period'

he average annual need can be counted by dividing the totalnumber of units by the number of years in the planningperiod'

. UPGRADING NEED

he social aspect of housing is the upgrading need of thepopulation' 3pgrading 9eed is dened as the need for improvingland tenure status, e'g', provision of minimum security of tenure asin a )ritten contract to possessing a title to the land* access to basicservices, e'g', dirt road to macadamied road* and house conditione'g', from semi-permanent to permanent structure'

3pgrading needs could ta&e any of the follo)ing forms, andthere can be a situation )here the units reAuire t)o or moreupgrading needs(

a' enure need*b' Infrastructure Improvement 9eed*c' /tructural Improvement 9eed'

9otation( he E.3 has to determine )hat criteria should be used forupgrading, e'g', basic standard for )ater supply, sanitation,electricity, drainage, garbage disposal, and road access, as )ell as)hat is minimum land tenure' @ll units classied as needingupgrading are understood to be upgradable in place'

"ata /ource( ensus of !opulation and ousing, ables on(


23/45

dierent upgrading activities during the planning period anddetermine the annual upgrading schedule for every program period'

here is a suggestion for the planner to ma&e an assumptionon the life span of the housing stoc& as basis in ma&ing estimatesfor upgrading'

a' enure 9eed is dened as the need of those householdsconsidered to have inadeAuate security of tenure on theland they occupy, i'e', no legal title or any other )rittencontract on land'

9otation(


24/45

V. FINDINGS AND EVALUATION

@' !lan !eriods

1' In the plan periods 1===-200C and 2005-2010, theframe)or&s on housing need are not adeAuately dened andunderstood' ell-dened frame)or& can be the basis forpreparing more accurate estimates for housing targets notonly for socialied housing but also for other sta&eholders inthe housing sector'

2' In 2005-2010 plan, estimates on housing needs for 9 )asmisleading' It might be advantageous if estimation for 9)as done separately from those of other highly urbaniedareas outside of Metro Manila' his is because housingproblem is recognied to be most serious in the 9' his is

one area of the frame)or& that should be revisited in order topresent a more accurate picture of the housing situation in thecountry'

6' 39 omponent Method

1' @ccumulated needs7 )hich is also current needs,7 includenot only accumulated bac&logs such as housing needs ofdoubled-up households and the homeless, those living inunacceptable type of housing but also include replacement ofdilapidated housing units and repair of housing units at thestart of the plan period' ecurrent or future needs7 is simply&no)n as the future needs due to increase in the number ofhouseholds and replacement of housing units that )ill be lostduring the inventory period' he third ma4or category in the39 omponent Method is allo)ance in the estimates forvacant buildings7, not usually included in the estimation ofhousing needs in the country'

2' he .eneral Method and the rude Method are the t)oproposed methods of estimating housing needs' he .eneralMethod includes all components in estimating the totalhousing needs )here statistics are available )hile the rudeMethod is recommended for use )hen data are limited'

%'


25/45

conventional d)ellings or not' It also includes living Auartersof institutional population' In the !hilippine ensus, housingunit has been used to refer to any place of abode )hereprivate households )ere found during the census' hat islac&ing in the !hilippine denition is the use of the termconventional d)elling7 to refer to houses, Sats, apartments,

etc' although it denes housing unit as a structurallyseparate and independent place of abode by the )ay it hasbeen constructed, converted or arranged, intended forhabitation by one or more households' @lso considered ashousing units are structures or parts of structures notintended for habitation such as commercial, industrial, andagricultural buildings, or natural and man-made shelters suchas caves, boats, abandoned truc&s, culverts, etc', but used asliving Auarters by households at the time of the census' 39also denes housing units7 to include conventional d)elling,mobile housing units and marginal housing )hich are more orless similar in composition as used in the !hilippine ensus'

5' In setting up of targets, 39 emphasied that it is moreimportant to target the immediate replacements of inventorylosses as these happen, because not doing so )ill contributeto serious shortage of housing and lead to deterioration of thehousing stoc&' !rovision for ne) housing unit for doubled-uphouseholds may not be as urgent as those housing unitsreAuired to replace dilapidated and unacceptable units, andprovide housing for ne)ly formed households'

?' @ Auic& evaluation on nding out housing needs pro4ection foryear 2000, )ith the actual inventory of housing stoc& as ofMay 1, 2000 based on the census result, is presented in thetable belo)(

DWELLING UNITS

1=B0-2000

ousing /toc& %Bousing 9eed , 1=B0-2000 1B,50=,000;stimated ousing /toc&, 2000 2%,51=,>%B

1=B0 ! otal ?,010,>%B

2000 ! otal 1C,=2=,2==

=1,12BNacant %>,1B2

a&e note that the estimated housing needs for %0-yearpro4ection )as 1B'50= million housing units, a 5-year intervalneed of about % million' If )e add that to the initial inventoryin 1=B0, the total housing units by year 2000 should havebeen 2%,51=,>%B housing units' @ccording to the main authorof the 9/< pro4ection, the big dierence is attributed to thehigh estimates of housing needs for d)elling units made oflight materials, assumed to be replaced after 20 years #5replacement rate per year$' hus, there is an urgent need tostudy the Auality of the housing stoc& so that a more realisticreplacement rate can be formulated' he 39 recommends

25


26/45

100 years as start-up point of the life span of concrete houses'!erhaps, a more detailed study of the year the house )as builtand construction materials of housing units as obtained indierent ! can be underta&en to be able to arrive at areasonable level of estimates of housing units, replaced dueto inventory loss that include losses due to obsolescence,

natural calamities, res, slum clearance, relocation, etc'

B' 6ased on the ! bet)een 1=B0 and 2000, it may be notedthat )ithin a span of %0 years, the number of housing unitshas increased by 1C> percent or an annual increase of almost5 percent - a faster rate than the increase in population' In %0years, there )as an average annual increase of about 2=?,010occupied housing units' ,>0> households'

6ased on the number of d)elling units occupied in 2000, )ecan roughly estimate the needs of doubled-up households tobe about %>B,?>1 housing units or about 2'?0 of the totaloccupied housing units* or doubled-up households composedof 2'5C of the total households in the census'

A'ra! N%m=r o) Ho%#-o$*# pr Ho%#"n! Un"t#=; T;p o) &%"$*"n! 1::0 an* 000

1::0 000otal occupied 1'0%5 1'0%/ingle house 1'02> 1'02

"uple+ 1'0=C 1'05Multi-unit residential 1'115 1'0?ommercialGindustrialGagricultural

1'0?C 1'05

Institutional living Auarters 1'0=% 1'05


27/45

ogether )ith the 9/< operationaliation, the dierences onthe physical aspects are summaried belo)(

UN ComponntNSO

Oprat"ona$"B-1==2 butdid not providefor inventoryloss of housingstoc& insucceeding !lan

periods'

2B


28/45

UN ComponntNSO

Oprat"ona$"


29/45

$&& is the total number of housing units occupied in the samearea.

se of the ratio or density in estimation:

If we want to estimate the number of households which are

doubledup in a given plan period as well as the number ofoccupied housing units, say *+- %&&$%&'& using '.&$ wecan estimate the total number of occupied housing units aswell as the number of doubledup households as illustratedbelow.

2=


30/45

arNo. o)

Ho%#-o$*#1

E#t"mat*O++%p"*Ho%#"n!Un"t#

E#t"mat*No. o)

Do%=$*2%pHo%#-o$*#

5

E#t"mat*Ann%a$ Rato) Gro(t- o)Ho%#-o$*#

?@3

#1$ #2$ #%$ #C$ #5$2005 10C,>2B ==,>%5 C==2 -200? 10B,B0% 102,5BC 5,12= 2'BC200B 110,C?5 105,205 5,2?0 2'5?200> 11%,22B 10B,>%5 5,%=2 2'50200= 11?,05> 110,5%1 5,52B 2'502010 11>,>C% 11%,1>C 5,?5= 2'C0

otal Increase2005 to 2010 1C,01? 1%,%C= %1,=5= 1%'%B

@nnual@verage

111,>5C 10?,52B 5,%2B 2'2%16ased on household pro4ection )ith 200B data coming from the !


31/45

records of the "epartment of igh)ays on the number ofd)elling units aected by their pro4ects annually, thensome indicators may be computed to prepare estimatesfor planning purposes' o)ever, this particular item mayalready be part of 39:s ecurrent or future needs, )hichis eplacement of living Auarters of an acceptable type

)hich )ill be lost from the inventory during the periodcovered by the estimates'7

c'


32/45

hree sets of pro4ections are available, namely( the rst is thepopulation )ith the assumption of fast population gro)th, thesecond is the population )ith medium assumption ofpopulation gro)th and the third population pro4ection is )ithan assumption )ith slo) population gro)th' hese pro4ections

are available at regional, provincial and cityGmunicipal level'he recommendation of the !/ is to use the populationpro4ection using the medium assumption for planning'o)ever, the E.3s may decide )hich pro4ection data to usedepending upon their observation of the pace of gro)th intheir respective areas by studying the past demographicperformance of the population over several census periods'

In @nne+ B, t)o methods of computing population gro)thrates )ere sho)n' o)ever, Method 6 )hich is the simplearithmetic gro)th rate is not recommended to be used forpro4ection purposes because it yields a much higher gro)th

rate than other methods resulting to a higher populationpro4ection gure'


33/45

Cn#%#Dat

Intr+n#a$ ;ar#

Pop%$at"on

Ann%a$ Gro(t- Rat "n @Gomtr"

+Eponnt

"a$Ar"t-mt"

+ - 510,22C - - -

February15, 1=?0 11'%B ?>1,C1C 2'5> 2'5C 2'=5

May ?,1=B0

10'21 =2?,%=> %'05 %'01 %'52

May 1,1=>0

='== 1,1BC,2=1 2'?2 2'5> 2'?>

May 1,1==0

10'00 1,CB?,B>% 2'%2 2'2= 2'5>

If the arithmetic gro)th rate )ill be used to pro4ect thepopulation, it )ill yield a higher population pro4ection than)hen geometric formula is used'

?' In the assessment of 3pgrading 9eeds, most of the dataneeds are available in the ! e+cept on road improvementactivities' ;ven in the discussion of the % components of3pgrading 9eed, there )as no suggestion on ho) to deal )iththe improvement of road as part of upgrading activity' hen itcomes to setting of standards, the planner )as given thedecision' he planner has to assumeGestimate the percentageof housing stoc& needing these dierent upgrading activitiesduring the planning periods' 6ecause of this, it )ould be verydicult to prepare a frame)or& on 3pgrading activities,unless there are standards set at the national level to follo)'

VI. R+ommn** Fram(or, on Ho%#"n! N*#

/ince the 39 omponent Method of ;stimating ousing 9eedsconsidered not only on bac&log component but also the pro4ection ofhouseholds, it is recommended that the !// loo& into the evaluationmade using this 39 omponent as this method has been the

product of e+haustive research contributed not only by internationalhousing e+perts but 39-member countries as )ell' In the 200=organiation meeting of 9/6:s echnical ommittee on !opulationand ousing /tatistics #!/$ held Mach 2?, 200=, a echnicalor&ing .roup #.$ on ousehold !ro4ections )as formallyorganied, in addition to the e+isting . on ousing /tatistics' he

. on ousehold !ro4ection )ill loo& into the methodology of ho)best to prepare household pro4ections considering that mostagencies providing service to the population use ouseholds7 intheir target setting for accomplishment'


34/45

of the housing sector for the results of this study can providereference to the . on ousing /tatistics'

he proposed frame)or& in this study shall basically follo) the39 component method, )ith an attempt to use both recommendedmethods of estimation, namely( the .eneral Method and rude

Method of estimation of housing needs'

It has been recognied by the ousing /ector that the bul& ofthe problem on housing is in the urban centers, more specicallyin Metro Manila and in highly urbanied cities outside the9ational apital egion' here is, ho)ever, an anticipated problemin the application of the ne)ly approved denition of an urban area'In 200%, 9/6 ;+ecutive 6oard passed a resolution adopting thene) denition of urban area' o)ever, there )as a condition in theresolution )hich reAuires the 9/< to apply the ne) denition in the2005 Mid-decade ensus of !opulation and try to compare the result)ith the previous denition' 6ut this census )as underta&en in 200B

and the results are not yet available' For purposes of this study, thene) denition of urban area cannot still be utilied for comparabilityover the previous years' @s soon as the application of the ne)denition becomes available and ocial, all data series must adoptthe latest ocial denition of an urban area in the estimation ofhousing need' It is only Metro Manila that retained its classicationas all urban in its entirety' he rest of the cities and municipalitiesare sub4ect to the three-criteria used to identify an urban area at thebarangay level' his study on bac&log shall apply the old denitionof urban area since the available statistics are based on thisdenition'

he proposed frame)or& for housing need is an adaptation ofthe 39 omponent method and has t)o dimensions( #i$ constructionof housing units* and #ii$ housing support and services' he rationalefor this proposal is to identify the physical7 aspect of the housingindustry and the social7 aspect of housing to improve theenvironment for healthy living' 6oth are addressed bygovernment:s housing assistance )hich can be in a form of cash vs'loan, house and lot, lot only, temporary shelters, etc'

he physical aspect of housing needs )ould be theconstruction of acceptable d)ellings as living Auarters, therefore,the unit of reporting the housing need )ould be in terms of housingunits constructed, regardless of the type of building, )hether single,

duple+, accessoria or to)nhouses, apartments, and condominiums'

1' @ccumulated or current needs - is dened as housing needsthat e+ist at the beginning of the !lan !eriod covered by theestimate, and include the follo)ing components(

a' 9umber of conventional ousing 3nits #3s$ reAuired toprovide for( ouseholds )ithout shelter #homeless$ ouseholds occupying living Auarters of an

unacceptable type, e'g', barong-barong, houses madeof ma&eshift or salvaged materials, and those residing

in non-conventional d)ellings' ouseholds that are doubled-up )ith otherhouseholds in acceptable d)elling units )ith the

%C


35/45

assumption that all those doubled-up households arein need of separate housing accommodation'

b' 9umber of conventional housing units )hich aredilapidated or condemned to be replaced'

2' ecurrent or future needs H housing needs e+pected to ariseduring the !lan !eriod covered by the estimates, it could beannual, medium term, or long term'a' 9umber of housing units reAuired to provide to ne)

households covered by the !lan !eriod'b' eplacement of housing units of acceptable type that

)ere lost during the period covered by the estimates'Eosses include housing units lost due to obsolescence,Soods, re, urban rene)alGslum clearance, etc' his canbe done by age and construction materials based ontrends observed bet)een censuses'

he 39 components pertaining to eduction in levels ofdensity in acceptable living Auarters to a desired level7 andallo)ance for vacant d)ellings7 are not considered in the proposal'

here is no need to consider the reduction of density to a desiredlevel,7 because all doubled-up households have already beenconsidered, therefore, the overcro)ding due to doubling-up mayhave been eased' In the allo)ance for vacant d)ellings,7 it )asobserved that in all census years 1=B0, 1=>0, 1==0 and 2000 thereare al)ays vacant housing units counted' herefore, estimates)ould be limited to occupied d)ellings or housing units'

%5


36/45

ousing 9eeds( onstruction of ousing 3nits

9umber ofonventional ousing3nits provided for(

omelessouseholds inunacceptable type"oubled-uphouseholds inacceptable type

eplacement of"ilapidatedGondemne

d onventionalousing 3nits

ousing 9eeds

@ccumulated orurrent ousing 9eeds

ecurrentGFutureousing 9eeds

9umber of ousing3nits for 9e)ouseholds

9umber of ousing3nits to eplace

InventoryEosses

he follo)ing chart )ill sho) the dierent components thatgo into the estimation of housing construction(

Formula for .eneral Method( #6ased on the proposed adaptation$

ousing needs are dened as the number of conventionalhousing units that need to be constructed to bring housingconditions as of a particular time, up to national adopted standards#this represents the physical aspect$' @nother )ay of dening this isthe number that needs to be maintained and repaired to ensure that

housing conditions remain at the standard level over a stated periodof time' #his represents the social aspect$

;mploying the .eneral Method, ousing needs on ousingconstruction is computed as the total of the t)o(

ousing 9eeds Q @ccumulated or urrent 9eeds R Future orecurrent 9eeds

i' @ccumulated ousing needs Q @1 R @2R @% R @C

@1 Q 9umber of ousing 3nits #3s$ for homeless

households

%?


37/45

@2 Q 9umber of 3s for households living in barong-barong or ma&eshift material and in other unacceptabletype of housing'

@% Q 9umber of 3s for doubled-up households @C Q 9umber of 3s to replace dilapidated housing at the

initial period of estimates

ii' ecurrent or Future ousing 9eeds Q F1 R F2

)here(

F1 Q 9umber of ousing 3nits #3s$ reAuired for ne)households

F2 Q 9umber of 3s to replace housing units lost due toobsolescence,Soods, re, slum clearance, urban rene)al, construction ofhigh)ays, etc' #!riority is given to households )hose 3sgot lost'$

Formula for rude Method #his formula )ill be employed if thereare no data available as inputs to the .eneral Method

3sing the same symbols as used in the .eneral Method, )ehave the simplied formula to arrive at a crude estimate of housingneeds'

ousing 9eeds #rude$ Q @% R F1 R r #3$

)here( @% and F1 are dened above,

r Q percent rate at )hich acceptable housing units )ill needto be replaced during the period3 Q 9umber of 3s of acceptable type'

9ote( ousing units of acceptable type are those made ofpermanent and semi-permanent d)ellings of conventionaltype' a&e note that the crude method e+cludes an estimate ofunacceptable type )hich could easily be discerned from !data' !erhaps )e can add this to the crude method eAuationabove to provide more or less a rough estimate of the housingneed at a particular time'

a' omeless( he estimates of housing need are based onthe number of households living in caves, abandonedbuses, etc and those living in non-residential buildings atthe time of the census such as agricultural, commercialand industrial buildings'

b' ouseholds( @t present, the !// does not have ocialpro4ection data on households but every census year, the

!/ produces pro4ections on population for the ne+t 20years from the census year' 3sually, for planningpurposes, the !/ recommends the use of the mediumassumptions and this can be used for estimating thenumber of households by )hich housing stoc& can also

be derived in the future by using percentages computedfrom ! for the housing sector'

%B


38/45

For the ousing /upport and /ervices, this is a ne) attempt to

separate the social aspects of housing in the estimate of housingneeds' he proposed frame)or& )hich may be loo&ed into moreclosely involves enure /ecurity, /ite "evelopment, /lum 3pgrading,ome repair and ousing Finance'

Most of the data that )ill be used in setting up the benchmar&)ill come from administrative records of Jey ousing agencies,e+cept house repair )hich can be derived from the ! dataparticularly on the ondition #/tate of epair$ of 6uildings#residential$'

%>


39/45

For enure /ecurity, the 6Ms list of cities and municipalities)ith a list of informal settlers may be used as benchmar& data in theabsence of a more complete list of areas )here informal settlers arelocated'

For /ite "evelopment, 9@ may have a list of M! pro4ects forMetro Manila and the local government may have also some list toprovide for benchmar& data' In the 3"@ implementation, the E.3sare mandated to implement /ection B )hich reAuires the conduct of

an inventory of all lands and improvements )ithin their localities incoordination )ith the E36 and to update this inventory everythree years and furnish the 3" a copy including updates'/ection > provides for the identication of sites for socialiedhousing and the E.3s in coordination )ith 9@, E36, 9ationalMapping esource Information @uthority #9@MI@$, and the EandManagement 6ureau #EM6$ shall identify lands for socialied housingand resettlement areas, ta&ing into consideration the degree ofavailability of basic services and facilities, their accessibility andpro+imity to 4ob sites and other economic opportunities, and theactual number of registered beneciaries' If all these areas areidentied, then these can be programmed for implementation so

that ousing /upport and /ervices can be planned adeAuately torealie the provisions of the socialied housing la)'

For /lum 3pgrading, learance, the benchmar& data maycome from the inventory of areas identied by the localgovernments in accordance )ith the provisions of 3"@ althoughthe 9@ and E36 may have its o)n listing of @rea for !riority"evelopment #@!"s$ as a start up data for this frame)or&'

ousing Finance is measured by the number of residential unitconstruction nanced by the government and loanavailmentGreleases or the volume of mortgage ta&e-outs orpurchases' Financing institution such as ., "MF, /// and ./I/have data on this'

%=

ousing /upport and /ervices

enure/ecurity

ouseepair

/ite"evelopmen

t

/lum3pgrading

ousing9eeds

ousingFinance


40/45

In addition to the housing need, there is a need to monitor thehousing supply vis-8-vis establishment of its frame)or&' For theconstruction of housing units, housing supply is the stoc& or thosehousing units recorded in ensus as benchmar&ed data and thoseunits constructed in addition to )hat )as recorded in the census'

he latter is in the form of construction of ne) units for open mar&et

housing, economic housing, socialied housing, condominium andsimple subdivision'

@s to the housing support and services, housing supply isseen as the current inventory of areas needing services #such asthose covered by M!, @!"s$ and the stoc& or thoseupgradedGimproved housing units recorded in ensus asbenchmar&ed data'

In the 39 component method, failure to meet housingreAuirements as they occur has resulted in a mounting bac&log ofhousing needs the magnitude of )hich eAuals or even e+ceeds the

e+isting supply of housing in some countries' herefore, -o%#"n!=a+,$o!is the dierence of ousing 9eeds and @ccomplishment at

C0

/tocenchmar&

;conomic

/ocialied

ousing /upply( onstruction of 3nits

ousing/upply

onstruction of9e) ousing

3nits

/toc& ofousing 3nits

ousing /upport and /ervices

ousing/upply

urrentInventory of

@reas 9eeding/ervices

/toc& of3pgradedG

Improved 3nits


41/45


42/45

abandoned trains, caves, etc'$' For urban, this includes those madeup of Sammable materials such as nipa, cogon, bamboo andsalvaged materials' o)ever, for rural areas, housing units made ofnon-timber materials are acceptable type' #/ource( 39 )ithadaptation$

@ccumulated needs H #current needs$ housing needs that e+ist atthe beginning of the !lan !eriod covered by the estimate, andinclude the follo)ing components(

a' 9umber of ousing 3nits )hich are of acceptable typeof living Auarters reAuired to provide for( ouseholds )ithout shelter #homeless$ ouseholds occupying living Auarters of an

unacceptable type ouseholds that are doubled-up )ith other

households )ith the assumption that all thosedoubled-up households are in need of separatehousing accommodation

b' 9umber of acceptable housing units )hich aredilapidated or condemned to be replaced #/ource( 39)ith adaptation$'

ecurrentGfuture needs H housing needs e+pected to arise during the!lan !eriod covered by the estimates, it could be annual, mediumterm, or long term' hese are the sum of the number of housingunits reAuired to provide to ne) households covered by the !lan!eriod* and the replacement of housing units of acceptable type that)ere lost during the period covered by the estimates' Eossesinclude housing units lost due to obsolescence, Soods, re, urbanrene)alGslum clearance, etc' his can be done by age andconstruction materials based on trends observed bet)een censuses'#/ource( 39 )ith adaptation$

"oubled-up households H total number of households in acceptablehousing units at the time of estimation and subtracting from this thenumber of occupied acceptable housing units' In doubled-uphouseholds, there is a primary household )hile the rest aresecondary households' #/ource( 39 )ith adaptation$

onstruction materials H used for roof and #e+terior$ )all of ahousing unit' ensuses classify construction materials separately forthe roof and )alls but of the same type, that is(

a'


43/45

/ite "evelopment H the term is employed to describe both thepreparation of land to facilitate the construction of individual housesand the upgrading of residential areas )hich have already beensettled #/ource( 9@$'

/lum 3pgrading H entails the acAuisition and on-site improvement of

occupied lands through the introduction of roads or alleys and basicservices such as )ater and po)er #/ource( 9@$'

ome epair H a rene)al of any part of an e+isting building )ithoutaltering the structure for the purpose of its maintenance #/ource(9;"@$'

ousing Finance H the comprehensive funds So) system coveringthe entire housing provision cycle from identication of nancialreAuirements, fund sourcing for various aspects of housing program,such as lot acAuisition, development and construction, to end-buyers nancing' his is usually housing assistance in a form of loan

for housing start #/ource( .$'ousing supply #3nits$ H the stoc& or those housing units recorded inensus as benchmar&ed data and those units constructed inaddition to )hat )as recorded in the census'

ousing /toc& #3nits$ H efers to the number of d)elling unitse+isting at a certain place and at a given time' he componentidenties the stoc& of housing units that adeAuately satises thereAuirements of a housing condition #/ource( !/"! 2005-2010$'

onstruction of ne) units H in the form of construction of ne) unitsfor open mar&et housing, economic housing, socialied housing,condominium and simple subdivision'ousing /upply #upgrading$ H seen as the current inventory of areasneeding services #such as those covered by M!, @!"s$ and thestoc& or those upgradedGimproved housing units recorded in ensusas benchmar&ed data

urrent inventory of areas needing services H an all on-site )or&,from site preparation, e+cavation, foundation, assembly of allcomponents and installation of utilities and eAuipment ofbuildingsGstructures'

ousing /toc& #upgrading$ H upgradedGimproved housing units

recorded in ensus as benchmar&ed data

ousing 6ac&log H #unmet needs$* the dierence of ousing 9eedsand @ccomplishment at time #t$' his can be decomposed into t)ocomponents, that is, the bac&log is the sum of( #i$ he dierencebet)een housing needs and targets, and#ii$ he dierence bet)een targets and accomplishments'

PROPOSED STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK ON HOUSING

C%


44/45

Cat!or;/Var"a=$#In*"+ator# ?*"#a!!r!at*

=; Ur=an an* R%ra$+$a##"+at"on

FrB%n+; o)

A'a"$a="$"t;

So%r+

Ho%#"n! N*# Con#tr%+t"on o) Un"t#@ccumulated needs "oubled-up ouseholds

eplacements from housingstoc&

;very

censusyears

9/

iii a2 national framework on housing needs edited

Documents