mita terminals

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MITA Terminals

Special course on data communications and networks:Internet Technical Architecture Seminar

T-110.448

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Content

1. Definition of terminal in the MITA context

2. A short look in the history and evolution

3. Terminal characteristics

4. MITA SW architecture for terminals

5. OS

6. Application development

7. Future Terminals

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Terminal concept in MITA

• Mobile terminal: Any portable, transportable, or handheld terminal supporting mobility services. (ITU-T E.212)

TERMINAL

ApplicationLayer

ConnectivityLayer

AccessLayer

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History

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Terminal characteristics

• Limitations: – RAM– Power consumption – CPU– Weight & volume– Accesses (frequency)– Price

• Impact: Sets limits to applications, services and usage

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2G/3G Terminal complexity:

0

20

40

60

80

100

MIPS

8 kbit / s 144 kbit / s

Speech

Terminal Complexity Comparison

GSM/EDGE

WCDMA

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Terminal characteristics - Access

Divition by range:

• Long: 2G, (E)GPRS, 3G, DVB-T

• Medium: WLAN, BT

• Short: IRda, serial, USB, RFID

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Terminal characteristics – User Interface

• Usability:The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. (ISO/DIS 8241-11)

• For human senses: display, keyboard, audio, vibration (vs. m2m) -> evolution

• Difference between a pda and a smartphone

• Braille phone

• UI for elderly?

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Terminal integration

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SW architecture for terminals

Application Framework and UI SupportSession protocols

SDK Interfaces and LibrariesNetwork Interface and Protocols

I/O Drivers Operating System Core

Link Layer DriversI/O Hardware

Processors and MemoryNetwork Hardware

Application Development Interfaces

Application Development Interfaces

APPLICATIONLAYER

ApplicationsApplication Programming Interfaces

Application Supports

MOBILEINTERNET

LAYER

PLATFORMLAYER

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Example: Series 60 terminals

User Interface

Application EnginesContacts, agenda, office, SyncML,

data management, browsing

MessagingSMS, EMS, MMS, email

MIDP JavaPhone

Java (KVM/PersonalJava)

Application frameworkGraphical user interface framework,

text and graphical utilities

Personal area networkingBluetooth, infrared, USB

MultimediaImages, sounds and graphics

Communications infrastructureTCP, dual IPv4 & v6, HTTP and WAP stack

SecurityCryptography, certificate

management, software installation

TelephonyGSM, GPRS, HSCSD, EDGE,

CDMA (IS-95), cdma2000

BaseUser library, file

server,kernel, device driver

Telephone Software

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OS

• Linux, Palm, MS, Symbian– Example: Symbian

• Description

• Characteristics

• Limitations

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Application development environment

Example: Series 60

• Java and C++– Use– Limitations

• Issues: new phenomena, security, operator required SW certificates, DRM

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Future terminals

• Beyond 3G– Ambient networks, semantic web, combination of

current access technologies (3G and WLAN)• 4G

– New radio access,100 Mb/s-1Gb/s connection

• Evolution of UI (HUD, voice control, projected keyboards)

• Working around physical limitations– Proximity networks, fuel cells

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Questions?

-

Thank You

References:- White Paper: Mobile Terminal Software Technologies for the Future, http://www.nokia.com/- MITA Book, Vol2, 413-442- Life Goes Mobile, Nokia Mobile Internet Conference 28.10.2003- http://www.tml.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-110.300/2003/Luennot/T110300-UMTS-AS2003.pdf- http://www.forum.nokia.com- http://www.ppcw.net- http://www.cellular.co.za