management process

MANAGEMENT PROCESS Think beyond imagination….

WHAT IS MANAGEMENT? Management is an art of getting things done through

others. It is social & technical process that utilizes resources,

determines human actions & incorporates changes in order to accomplish goals.

Rightly Management has come into its own,like other leading professions such as medical, engineering & law has achieved this distinction within a comparatively short time.

VARIOUS DEFINITIONS:

“Management is a multi-purpose organ that manages business, manages managers & manages workers & work”-Peter Drucker

“To manage is to forecast & to plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate & to control”

- Henri Fayol “Management is the art of getting things done through &

with people in formally organized groups” --Mary Parker Follett & Harrold Koontz

“Management is the process of accomplishment of results through the efforts of other people”

-Lawrence Appley

CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT: 1.Management is a Process:

Role of a Manager as follows-

Plan the activities

Organize the resources

Direct the subordinates

Control the activities

2.Management is an art as well as a Science:

By using proper knowledge & available resources a manager can make an activity work better. Hence it is a science.

3.Management follows professional approach:

A professional manager is who:

Delegates Authority

Encourages initiative attitude

Invites suggestions

of subordinate

s

Provides training

to employee

s

4.Management is Intangible:

Management can be seen in form of results. Results

such as high productivity & efficiency, disciplines

Workforce, cordial relations in organization gives the

presence of Management.

5.Management is Group activity:

The combines & collective efforts of the team brings

Success to the organization. A single manager

however efficient & capable can’t attain

organizational goals without support of other

Managers or his subordinates.

6.Management is result oriented:

Management stresses on result orientation not on

activities. Results may lead to ultimate goals like:

Reduction in

wastages

Optimum utilization

of resources

Motivated workforce

Higher efficiency

7.Management follows established principles:

Division of Work

Division of Work

Authority-Responsibilit

y Balance

Authority-Responsibilit

y Balance

DisciplineDisciplineUnity of

commandUnity of

command

8.Management is Dynamic in Nature:

To manage means to be creative & innovative. How

successful an organization would be largely depends

upon innovation. Managers need to have: New & creative ideas. New & better products. Cost effective process.

NEED & IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT:

1.To facilitate optimum utilization of resources.

Resources such as men, money, materials, machines..

2.To generate efficiency.

Lesser the cost-Higher the returns, this leads to

efficient organization

3.To motivate personnel.

The success of management is reflected from the

performance of their workforce.

4.To encourage Initiative.

Through individual upliftment, group benefits which

leads to organizational growth & development.

5.To develop team spirit.

Through team efforts an organization can achieve

growth.

6.To facilitate innovation.

Modern management demands managers to bring in

innovation in their regular work tasks & decision

making to solve business complications.

7.To improve technology.

Innovative ideas lead to break-through in technology

which if incorporated in an efficient manner by the

management leads to growth & stability to the

organization.

8.To maintain good relations.

Proper communication, directions & leadership on the

part of managers, lead to good relationship between

subordinates & managers. This leads to organizational

growth.

9.To facilitate growth & expansion.

Good managers actively invade & commit toward

organizational goals.

10.To assist society.

Managers at large have to incorporate CSR(Corporate

Social Responsibility) techniques that lead

organization towards making a goodwill & brand

image.

11.To create corporate image.

Effective management maintains & develops a brand

image of the company.

HENRY FAYOL’S PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

1. Division of work

2. Authority & Responsibility

3. Discipline

4. Unity of command

5. Unity of direction

6. Subordination of Individual interest to General interest

7. Remuneration of Personnel

8. Centralization

9. Scalar Chain

10. Order

11. Equity

12. Stability

13. Initiative

14. Espirit De Corps (Team Spirit)

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

PLANNING

Planning is the management function that involves:

-setting goals

-formulating missions

-making plans

-achieving goals

PLANNING PROCESS

The Mission of an organization is organizations purpose or fundamental reason for existence.

A goal is a future target or end result than an organization wishes to achieve.

A plan is the means devised for attempting to reach a goal.

Setting goals and developing plans will lead to goal attainment ultimately organizational efficiency and effectiveness.

ORGANIZING

An organization is a group of people working together to achieve a common goal.

Definition:

To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful for its functioning such as raw materials, tools, capital and personnel.

–Henry Fayol

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONS

Line organization. Functional organization. Line and staff organization. Matrix organization.

LEADING

Leading is the management function that involves influencing others to engage in the work behaviours necessary to reach organizational goals.

It includes communicating with others, providing direction and motivating people.

LEADER’S SKILLS

Technical skills. Interpersonal skills. Conceptual skills.

CONTROLLING

Controlling is the management function aimed at regulating organizational activities so that actual performance meets the expected objectives and standards of company.

FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT:

P Planning O Organizing S Staffing D Directing C Controlling Co Co-ordinating D Decision making M Motivating R Reporting B Budgeting

LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

TOP LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT

It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.

MIDDLE LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT

The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions.

LOWER LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT

Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc. They are concerned with direction and controlling function of management.

RELATIVE AMOUNT OF TIME THAT MANAGERS SPEND ON THE FOUR MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS