lights, nano, action! - assistant professor jennifer dionne
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Prof. Jen DionneMaterials Science & Engineering
Lights, Nano, Action!Nano-optics for efficient solar cells, cancer treatments, and invisibility
cloaks
930,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 meters (9.3x1026 meters)
Size of universe
150,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 meters (1.5x1023 meters)
Virgo supercluster
1,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 meters (1.2x1021 meters)
Milky Way
5,900,000,000,000 meters (5.9x1012 meters)
Solar System (Pluto to Sun)
13,000,000 meters (1.3x107 meters)
Earth
8,800 meters tall (8.8x103 meters)
Mount Everest
3,000 meters (3x103 meters)
Stanford Linear Accelerator
110 meters tall (1.1x102 meters)
Redwood tree
Human
1.0 meters
1.7 meters tall
0.055 meters (5.5x10-2 meters = 5.5 centimeters)
Chicken Egg
0.0044 meters (4.4x10-3 meters = 4.4 millimeters)
Ant
0.00005 meters (5x10-5 meters = 50 micrometers)
Pollen grain
0.000007 meters (7x10-6 meters = 7 micrometers)
Red Blood Cell
0.000000009 meters (90x10-9 meters = 90 nanometers)
Virus
0.0000000002 meters (2x10-9 meters = 2 nanometers)
Nanoparticle
Electronics & Photonics
Biomaterials
Solar Cells & Batteries
Catalysis
Profs. Heilshorn & Melosh
Profs. Cui, McGehee, Brongersma
Samsung
Materials Science & Engineering
Nano: (not to scale)
What I wanted to be when I grew
up:
1. A skating
magician
What I wanted to be when I grew
up:
1. A skating
magician
What I wanted to be when I grew
up:
2. A Hollywood
star
1. A skating
magician
What I wanted to be when I grew
up:
2. A Hollywood
star
3. A paranormal researcher
400 nanometers (nm)
700 nanometers (nm)
1 meter1 micrometer1 nanometer
1 μm=100nm
Compared to bulk materials, nanomaterials have very different
properties
Bulk silver Silver nanoparticles (~10-100 nm diameter)
2 nm
CdS (‘cadmium yellow’)
CdS nanocrystal
Compared to bulk materials, nanomaterials have very different
properties
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CApUXcPKX90&feature=player_embedded
The Impact of Nano
Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs)
Cost: $100 - $150
Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime)
2010(32 GB)
1980(20 GB)
Ford F-150 (~4500 lbs)
Baby grand piano (~600
lbs)
1 TB hard drive (~3
lbs)
Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs)
Cost: $100 - $150
Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime)
2010(32 GB)
1980(20 GB)
Ford F-150 (~$30,000)
McLauren F1 (~$970,000)
Paul Allen’s yacht (~$100
million)
The Impact of Nano
Weight: 0.5g (0.001 lbs)
Cost: $100 - $150
Size: 11mm x 15mm x 1mm (size of a dime)
2010(32 GB)
1980(20 GB)
Weight: 2,000,000 g (4400lbs)
Cost: $648,000 - $1,137,600
Size: 70’’ x 44’’ x 32’’ (for each 2.5 GB cabinet)
The Impact of Nano
1 μm
1947: the first transistor Today: Intel quad core i7
processor (~8 billion transistors)
Tomorrow: Chip-sized supercomputers with optical computing
IBM’s CMOS Integrated Silicon Nanophotonics Chip
William Adams and Richard Day – the first solar cell (Se, 1876)(below: The first solar powered battery at Bell labs, 1954)
Nanorod array solar cell, from Plass, Filler, et al., Advanced Materials 2009
•Sunlight outside of the visible frequency range is usually poorly absorbed by solar cells
Nanomaterials also enable more light absorption in solar cells
5 % Ultraviolet 43 % Visible 52 % Infrared
Solar cell
30-50% of sun’s energy cannot be absorbed
Nanomaterials also enable more light absorption in solar cells
5 % Ultraviolet 43 % Visible 52 % Infrared
Solar cell
UpconverterInsulator
Utilize low-energy transmitted photons
Solar cell
30-50% of sun’s energy cannot be absorbed
1.0
2.0 2.51.5 Solar Cell bandgap (eV)
Cell
effi
cien
cy (
%)
With upconverter
Solar cell
44
30
Cancer therapy with nanoparticles
Cancer therapy with nanoparticles
Y. Xia, Acc. Chem. Res 44 (2011)
Cancer therapy with nanoparticles
Atwater, “The Power of Plasmonics,” Scientific American
Smith, Pendry, Schurig (2007)
Cloaks of Invisibility
image
Z. Xhang
Smith, Pendry, Schurig (2007)
object
AFM Image of Pentacene (1.4 nm long), Science 2009, IBM Zurich
Cloaks of Invisibility and Perfect Lenses
Dolling, Optics Express 14 (2006)
Dolling, Optics Express 14 (2006)
Negative Refractive Index Materials
Engineering challenges for your generation
“What the world does in the coming decade will have
enormous consequences that will last for centuries. It is
imperative that we begin without further delay.” –
Steve Chu
o Highly efficient, cost effective solar cells o Improved battery technologyo Environmental materials engineering (e.g., water
purification) o Advanced computing (optical computing, spin computing)o Imaging and visualization (display technology)o Biomaterials for medical imaging and therapeutics
How to be a successful engineer: 1. Stay curious
Julian Wever
How to be a successful engineer: 1. Stay curious2. Help others
How to be a successful engineer: 1. Stay curious
2. Keep an open mind3. Have fun
“Work hard, be kind, and amazing things will happen.” (Conan O’Brien)
What I learned about in later years:
Show me your achievement - and the knowledge will give me courage for mine (Ann Rand) – the importance of good mentors
The time is always right to do the right thing(MLK)
Work hard, be kind, and amazing things will happen. (Colbert)
1. A skating
magician
What I wanted to be when I grew
up:
2. A Hollywood
star
The Dionne Group: We are a team of undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral
researchers exploring new nanomaterials with properties that ‘go beyond’ naturally-occurring
materials
http://www.pcs.cnu.edu/~fos/historypage.html
http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=17179.php
http://thefunnyinbox.com/toprted/the-incredible-microscopic-world/
http://www.nisenet.org/catalog/assets/scientific-images/blue-morpho-butterfly
http://www.cameralabs.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=19261&sid=9ef6c0d9f22326a1ecac94819ff7503c
4,200,000 meters (4.2x106 meters)
United States
4th Century AD: Lycurgus Cup
4th Century AD: Lycurgus Cup
4th Century AD: Lycurgus Cup
Electronics & Photonics
Biomaterials
Solar Cells & Batteries
Catalysis
Samsung
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