library management system in gujarat
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CERTIFICATE
Ce r t i f Lad that
II) Mr. Kautilya H. Shukla has completed his research
work le'3ding to Ph.D ch'?
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IACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My greatest debt 1~ to my guids Dr. A. TejomurtyReader, School of Studies in Library and lnformatlon Science.
It is simply not possible to express in words my deep sense
of gratitude to him for his able guidance. Dr. A Te j 0 ITI U r t y
gave me his time most willingly and in critical moments 1n my
work. installed in me a sense of confidence. Above all, I aITI
very grateful for the affection which he had shown for me &nd
the interest which he evinced ln my work and progress. 1
consider my self very fortunate to have encouragement
hi ITI.
f r OIT;
I thank the university librarians of different
universities of Gujarat, for their help in providing therequired information concerning their librarie9.
On the domestic side, throughout the period of my
~esearch work I remained highly pre-occupied. It dId mean
some neglect of my parents and my family members. But
anxieties and excitements were understood and shared. I o .....e
much to my parents, wi fe P"lllavi, sons Anklt and Ankur for
thelr silent contribution in my study by all means.
I am indebted to the different authors on the
subject whose works I have either consulted or quoted. A big.vote of thanks goes to my friend Indrajeet Singh Chauhan for
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II
his cordial and willing co-operation.
Last but not least, I am thankful to all those seen
and unseen heads and hands who have been of direct or
indirect help in the completion of my work.
Makar Sankrantt
January 14, 1990
Ujjain
~'/'i - t==~~-_ .. tirleft.K H SHUKLA
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III
PRefACE
The hallmaYk of the human spiyit is its Yelentless
pursuit of truth, its uniterrupted intellectual quest,
restless meanderings and the deteYmined sallies of the
unconquerable mind of man into art, literature, culture and
the mysteries of nature have resulted in a mass of experience
of knowledge which mankind has acquired since the very dawn
of history. This mass of experience and knowledge, is
embodied in books that are acquired and preserved in a highly
selective manner in university libraries. Thus university
libraries are sanctuaries where the human spirit is preserved.
In the modern sen our university libraries have
only century old tradition. Since 1873 university libraries
of the country have witnessed a swell of change because of
the emergence of Dr. S.R.Ranganathan on the library horizon,
the recommendations of Radhakrishnan Commission (1948-1949),the inceptlon of the University Grants Commission in 1956,
and the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964-1966). Besides this the Seminar 0' university Librarians(Jaipur) (1966), the Seminar on Work Flow in UniversityLibraries (1966) and Carl M. Whit.'s survey of Delhi
university library, and the recommendations of the seminar on
National Policy on university librarie. (1986) have given afresh thought, orient.tion and nEW dimension to university
librarianship in the country. All these factors have brought
major change tn the outbook of university librarians, their'
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status and service conditions,
IV
their education and training
programme.
custodian
This
to the
change has interpreted a
interpret2r of knowledge
librarian from
and libraries
turned into temples of learning.
~bout
Even though this change in outlook of the people
the utility of .the university libraries which are
important factors in the country's development of the
cultural, political, social, scientific and technologlcal,
has not helped in return to the university libraries,
although librarie~ have served them. The university libraries
are struggling hard to meet the requirements of the
university community, but its resources are very scarce and
limited to allow them to fulfil their functions and services
in context to the requirements of its clientele.
University libraries in India hav~ achieved more or
less similarities in their attitude. and approaches to the
problems, aims and objectives and uniformity in ltSOrganilation and administration. Besides the.e similarities,
there are inconsistencies and inequalities in the university
libraries or Gujarat in relation to library management,library collection, library finances, library services,
library buildings, staff, and library membership.
In India few studies have been made by eminent
scholars, and library scientist regarding the various aspects
of the university libraries in general. The problems of
university Ilbrarie$ of Gujarat are acute like inadequatefinances, vacant posts, under staff, insufficient reading
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material and equipment inefficient
v
library services,
increasing number of students enrolment, lack of proper
physical facilities, require immediate attention and prompt
~ction by the authorities concerned to improve the situation
of university librarie~ of the respective universities.
The whole thesis is divided into eight chapters.
Cbaptar .one is an introduction to the state of Bujarat andit~ important features in relation to higher education. ThiS
chapter deals with the role and functions of the university
library; development of university libraries in modern India
and in Gujarat,present study.
the importance, scope and methodology of the
Chapter two library management deal6 with the issues
of library management, role of Executive Council and the
Library Committee; library personnel,
qualifications,
covered in this chapter. The general accept.d norms and the
position in Gujarat are also di~cussed.Chapter three deals wlth llbrary collection covering
aCqUisltional pr~gramm&, book selection POliCY, books ~nd
perlodical collectlons, non book materlal and its position in
the university libraries in Gujarat.Chapter four discusses library finances in which an
attempt has been made to make comparative position of the~
different university libraries at every stage in relation to
their resources, expenditure, budgeting and budgetary
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VI
proportions and standards, accounting and auditing.
Chapter five switches over to library services,
SP lit into two, technical services and reader services.
Technical services diSCU'.5Sf!d aye, c I ass if 1 cat ion,
cataloguing, binding , stock verification, reprography. And
an attempt is made to findout whetheY the traditional readers
services have been provided by the university libraries of
Gujarat to their users like circulation,bibliographical, documentation, and information services.
Chapter six moves on to discussion of library
cooperation. The need for co-operation, interlibrary loan,
r~source sharing, inter-library study facilities, union
cataloguing, 1oca 1 r national and international cooperation,
and their po~ition among the university libraries of the
state is evaluated.
Chapter' seven provides the principles of plannIng,
functional view of library building, modular plannIng,
location of the buildings, space reqUiremEnts and estimation,
and future considsYations. The position of university
libraries in Gujarat is discussed.Chapter eight concludes the whole work and an
attempt has been made to elaborate observations and
suggestions pertaining to university libraries of the state.
UjjainJanuary. 14,1990
~~~'K H SHUKLA
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VII
LIST QE TABLES
S,NO. HEADING PAGE NO.
1 Comparative
1 ibraY ians
position
in library
of un i ve r s it y
committees and
56
93
70
89
69
64
65
60
7
academic bodies of the university.
Comparative statement ~, public relations
in universities of Gujarat.Pay scales of library staff
Revised pay scales of librarians in the
universities from 1.1.1986
Comparative position of staff in the
university libraries of GujaratComparative statement of pay scales of library
staff in Gujarat with effect from 1.1.1986Comparative position of books in the
university. libraries in GujaratComparative position of subject-wise currentperiodicals in the university libraries in
Gujarat in 19879 Comparative position of subject-wise percentage 95
of number of periodicals subcribed in university
libraries in Gujarat.10 Allocation to libraries out of university 108
8
b
5
3
4
2
budget
11 Recurring 9yants to university libraries in
Gujarat by the UGC during plan period.111
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116
VIII
12 Non- recurring grants to university libraries 114
in Gujarat by the UGC during plan period13 Ad-hoc grants given by the UGC to university
libr&ries in Gujarat14 Library fees colleced by the universities in 122
GuJ_rat
15 FlneK collected by the university libraries in 124
GuJ.rat
16 Financial resources of the M.S.university 127
libr~ry
17 Financial resources of Gujarat University 129lib'yary
19 Financial resources of S.P. University 1 i b r ar y 131
19 F"inancial resources of Saurastra University 132
library
20 Financial yesources of South Gujarat University 1341 ibrary
21 Comparative analysis of total university 136
libr~ries income in Gujar~t
22 Expendlture of the M.S. University library 143
23 Expenditure of the GuJarat University library 147
24 Expenditure of the S.P. University library 150
25 Expenditure of the Saurastra University library 152
26 Expenditure of the South GuJarat University 154
library
27 Expenditure of the Bhavnagar University library 156
28 Over all growth of expenditure of university 160
libraries in GuJarat during plan period.
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29 Total recurring expenditure of university 164
libraries in Gujarat30 Percentage of university library expenditure 170
to total university expenditure in Gujarat31 Proportion of university library expenditure 173
to total university expenditure of GuJarat
university, Ahmedabad
37 Total budgetary proportion of recurring items 177
of university libraries of Gujarat during plans33 Comparative statement of the books issued 209
to various category of readers at a time and
fOr how much time
34 Comparative statement of number of books issued 211
by a library in a given year
35 Comparative growth in the number of members in 214
the university libraries in GuJarat
36 Inter library borrowing among university 254
libraires of Gujarat37 Inter librarY lending among university 254
libraries of Gujarat38 Comparative position of stack area and its 306
housing capacity in university libraries of
Gujarat39 Number of reader's seats and area
reading rooms in the university
Gujarat.
in general
libraries of
308
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
Preface
Maps, Photos, Charts & Tables
CHAPTERS
r Introduction
2 University Library Management
3 University Library Collection
(J. University Library Finances
5 University library Services
6. University Library Co-operation
7 University Library Building
8 Observations and Suggestions
IlPP::NDICI::S
Selected Reading List
Questionnaire
Page(s)
i-iii
iv-ix
x-xiii
1-45
46-118
119-153
154-204
205-. 56
257-307
308-399
400-433
434-1.41
442-452
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CHAPTER 1.
INTRODUCTION
1 The state of Gujarat11 Locat ion
12 Population
2 Educational features of the state
21 Universities in Gujarat3 Role of the University Library
31 Functions of University Library
311 Educational and research functions of universitylibrary
4 Development of university libraries in modernIndia
41 Development of university libraries in Gujarat5 Importance of the study
6 Scope of the study
7 . Methodology
1
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~TER 1
INTRQDVCTION
1 THE SIAT~ OF GVJABATIn the map of India, Gujarat took its pos.ition on
the 1st May, ~960. Prior to that, it was a part of BOIT,bay
state. Bombay state was bifurcated into Gujarat and
2
Maharastra on the 1st May, 1960. Gujarat has nineteendistricts: Ahmedabad, Amreli, Banaskantha, Baroda, Bharuch,
Bhavnagar, Dangs, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagarh, Kheda,
Surat,Surendranagar
Kutch, Mehesana, Panchmahal J
and Valsad.
Rajkot,GuJarat
Sabarkantha,
is having
geographically two discinct regions, viz. Saurastra and
Kutch. the principle language of the state is GuJarati.
11 LOCATION
Gujara.t lies in the western part of India. It isbounded by the Arabian sea in the west, towards the north of
Gujarat is Rajasthan, towards east is Madhya Pradesh, and inthe south is Maharastra. Gujarat touches the boundaries ofthese states viz. Maharastra, Madhya pradesh, Rajasthan,andone country viz. Pakistan. It has a territory of 1,96,024 Sq.
Kms. which is about 6 percent of the country's total area.
GUjarat has about 4000 kms. of natural sea-coast of Arabiansea.
12 POPULATION
Gujarat is a balanced populated state. As per 1981census, Gujarat had a popI.-,lat.ion of 3,40,85,,799 as against
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India~s total populatiion of 68 crores and 52 lakhs. As
~gainst India~s total area of 32.9 lakh Sq. km., Gujarat has1.96 lakh Sq.km.With about 6 percent of the country~s total
~Yeq, Gujarat supports 5 percent of the country~s totalpopulation. The density of population in Gujarat in 174 perSq.km., as against the density for the whole country of 216
per Sq.Km. There are 942 females per 1000 males in the state,
as against the figures of 935 females per 1000 males in
India. The rural urban ratio in Gujarat is 70130, as againstthe country~s ratio of 76:24 (1).
2 EDUCATIONAL FEATURES QE~ STATEIn the present century, Baroda is the pioneer in the
field of literacy and education, which has adopted compulsory
free primary education long back, before the independence of
India. Gujarat is one of the faster growing states of Indiain the field of education. The government is spending a huge
amount to increase the primary, secondary and collegiate
education in the state. There are ten universities, about
7800 college teachers are working in 300 colleges, and
2,02,660 school teachers in 33,200 schools of the state(2).To promote primary education in the state, te~t books and
uniforms to the children are provided free in the backward
and tribal areas of the state. In the whole state, free mid-
day meals to the students of primary schools are being made
available. To promote higher education among the women, it is
being made free for them. According to 1981 census literacy
in Gujarat is 43.7 percent as against 36.2 percent for thewhole country (3).
3
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21 UNIVERSITIES ~ auJABAT
There are in all ten universities in Gujarat. Theseuniversities were est~blished under different acts as
mentioned below:
1 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Act1949 (No.VII of 1949).
2 The Gujarat university, Act 1950, (No. L of 1949).
3 The Sardar Patel university, Act 1955 (No.XL of1955).
4 The Gujarat Aruveda university, Act 1966 (No. VIIIof 1966)
5 The Saurastra University, Act 1967 (No. XXXIX of 1961)6 The South Gujarat University, Act 1967 (No. XXXIX of
1967)7 The Gujarat Agricultural University, Act 1972 (No.
XXIII of 1972).8 The Bhavnagar University, Act 1978 (No. XVII of
1978)9 The North Gujarat University, Act 1986 (No. XXXI of
1986).10 The Gujarat Vidyapith (Deemed as University) (Which
was established in 1920, but given a d ignation ofdeemed as university by Government of India,Ministry of Education, notification No.F.10-20/62-U2, dated 16th July, 1963, under section 3 of theUniversity Grants Commission, Act., 1956. (3 of 1956).
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The headquarters and territorial jurisdicationdifferent universities in Gujrat is as
of theunder:-
5
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY HEAD-QUARTER
TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION(Revenue Districts)
1
2
3
The Maharaja SayajiraoUniversity of Baroda
Th~ Gujarat University
The Sardar PatelUniveYsity
Baroda
Ahmedabad
Vallabh-Vidyanagay
Baroda cityonly
Baroda,Panchmahal,Kheda, Ahmedabad,Gandhinagar, Kutch
Vallabh-Vidyanagarcity only
4 The Gujarat AyurvedaUniveYsity
5 The SaurastraUn i ve r sit v
6 The South GujaYatUniversity
7 The GujaratAgriculturalUniveYsity
Jamnagay
Rajkot
Surat
Dantiwada
All colleges orother eductionalinstitutions inGujaYat impartingt ns t r uc t ionexclusively inAyurveda
Rajkot,Surendranagar,Jamnagar,Junagadh,A'mrel i
Bhar uch , Sura t ,Val.ad, Dangs
All colleges orother educationalinstitutions inGujarat impaytinginstructionexclusively inagricultuYe andallied sciences
8 The Bhavnagay BhavnagayUniveysity
9 The North Gujarat PatanUniversity
10 The GujaYat AhmedabadVidhyapith
Maheshana,Sabar-kantha,Banaskantha
Ahmedabad city andother educationalinstitutions inGuJarat impartinginstyuction on theline of Gandhianthought
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3UR%SD%CTION OF UNIVERSITIES IN GU3ARAT
THE M.s.UNIVERSITY OF BARODA
GUJARAT UNIVERSIty
SARDAR PAra. UNIVERSITY[:] GWARAT AYURVEDA .IVERSITY
SAUBASHTRA lBfIVERSITY SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVEHSI'IY
GU1ARAT AGBlCULTURAL\llIVERSITY
II BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSIN
.. GWARAT VIDYAPITH
~- ".
-,, l
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3~ QE.. UNIVERSITy LIBRARYWe live in a world in which increasing specialization
is esential. Library could be ~ principal operator in
promoting inter communication amoung the specialists. In this
democr~tic age all .the people need ~ steady and balanced
supply of reading material for their advancement of
knowledge. University library has to satisfy the needs of the
graduates, post-graduates and must also meet the requirements
of the research scholars, and the much more comple~ and
exacting demands of the mature scholars.
University library is an integral part of an
institution of higher education. Thomas Carlyle has rightly
stated that, "the true university of' these days is collection
of books"(4). University is an institution where teaching andresearch are conducted in more than one discipline of
universe of knowledge, and which has authority to award
degrres, diplomas and certificates in their respective
subjects. StUdents, research scholars and teachers are usinglibrary for their advancement of' knowledge in their subjcetof interest. It is also true that, in the academic sense no
effective work can be developed without a strong library as
its heart. S.R. Dongerkery, emphasising the importance of
library in an academic institutuion in his own words, writes
A well stocked and up-todate library is a sine-qua-non for
every modern university. It is the centr~l workship of the
university which provides the students, the teachers, the
scholars and the research worker with the tools required for
\he advancement as well as the acquisition of knowledge" (5).
1
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The pl~ce of library in the university is partly
8
academic and partly non-academic. Rich collection of books
attracts good faculty members, and a good faculty in turn
attracts good students. Thus the reputation of a university
~lways depends in academic sense on its collection of books.
Library~s role in education is not confined to
e l erne n t r v and secondary education only. Rather, it is much
more ilTlPort~nt in higher education. It would not be an
eAaggeration if it is said that a library is an essential
pre-requisite for successful implementation of higher
education programmes in knowledge. Without the help and co-
operation of a library no formal educational programme can
fruetify. In order to achieve the aims of a university, it
has to take help of its library.
in India commission commission has
amph~si$ed the importanca of libraries in higher education.
The Calcutt~ University Commission (1917-1919) recommended
that, it is right and proper that the universities should
provlde great libraries and great laboratories of research
with great scholars to direct them. It further recommended
tr~t, the university librarion ought to be functionary of
great i meor t a nc e , ranking with university profes'5ors, and
h.ving a place in the supreme academic body of the
university~ In this respect, the Radhkrishnan University
Education Comm i s e r on (1948-49), observed that the library isthe heart of all the university~s workJ directly so as
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regards in research work, and indirectly as regards its
educational work which derives its li'e 'rom research.
Scianti'ic research requires a library as well as
its laboratories, while 'or humanistic and social sciences
research the library is both, library and laboratory. The
Kothari Education Commission (1964-65) was found very muchconscientious about the importance of a library in an
educational institution stating that, "nothing could be more
damaging to growing department than to neglect its library or
give to it a low priority. On the contrary, the library
should be an important centre of attraction on the college
and university campus "(6). From the above experts opinion
there is no doubt about the importance of library in the
educational institutions. In almost the same manner
University Grants Committee of the U.K.(1921) observed that,the character and efficiency of a university may be gauged by
its t r e a t men t of its central organ, the library. It regards
the fullest provision 'or library maintenance as the
primary and most vital need in the equipment of a
un i ve r sit y (7) "University library directs ils artivities
towards the fulfilment of the university, which are as
follows: conservation of knowledge and ideas, teaching
research, publication, extension and service, and
interpretation of research. The library exists not merely to
help instructional function at the university, it does also a
good deal in aid of research, which is another major function
9
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to
of the university. The library therefore performs a variety
of functins, by way of helping students with text books,
reference books and periodicals, by providing a large number
of bibliographical tools and up-to-date literature on every
subject for students, teachers and research workkers, as wellas by maintaining an efficient reference and information
service"(8). The university library seyves a5 an importantlink in the chain between reseaych and practice. It acts as
the centre of all academic activities of the university. It
remains more than a library, a laboratory;and a workshop.
31 FUNCTIONS QE. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Keeping in view the objectives of universityeducation, the Kothari Education Commission (1964-65) reportdefines the functions of university libraries,as under I
"(a) provide resources necessary for research in fieldsof special interest to university,
(b) aid the university teacher in keeping abYeast ofdevelopments in his field,
(c) provide library facilities and services secondary for
scuccess of all formal programmes of instructionJ
(d) open the door to the wide field of books that liebeyond the borders of one~s own field of specialization;
and
(e) to bring books, students and scholars together underconditions which encourage reading for pleasure,
self discovery, personal growth and sharpening of
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intellectual cUl'iosity"(9).
1 1
Univel'sity libyayy seyves as an valuable aid in the
consel'vation of knowledge and ideas, if it is well organised
and properly administeyed by acquiring and processing reading
materials for their clientle. It also serves as an active
force in the teaching and yesearch progyammes by diYect
~ssistance to the teacheys, yeseaych scholays and students.
The univeysity libl'aYy is one of the best agnecy foy
collecting and organising knowledge foy effective use, and
foy pyoviding the services and physical facilities \0
anc cur age it. The libyayy exists not merely to assist \he
instyuctional fuctions of the univeysity,
aid in yeseaych, which is anotheY majorit also helps as
function of the
university. Thus, university library peyfoyms a vayiety pf
functions, by way of helping students in theiy education with
text books, yeference books and periodials and so on. It also
helps teachers and yesearch scholays by pYoviding a large
numbey of bibliographical tools, and up-to date literature on
~YeY y sub Jec to
311 TEACHING AND RESEARCH FVNCTIONS QE VNIVERSITY LIBRARY
Teaching, yeseaych and extension seyvice aye the
thl'ee majoy aims of a modeyn univeYsity. No university can,however, develop or set high standayds of intellectual life
in scholal'ship and scientific yesearch without having at its
centl'e a well stocked, well staffed, and up to date library.
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Library is the heart of the university is certainly more true
today than in the earlier days. Without the heart functioning
the body can not live, without a dynamic library any academic
work in the university comes to a standstill.
Library is usually considered to be one of the
foc~l points of teaching and research. Laboratory is no
12
doubt important for the exprimental sciences, but library is
f~st becoming the laboratory for the humanities.
merely to
variety of
rese~rch,
The role of the library in the university is not
provide stimulus to reading which is done in ~
ways by p~oviding materials for te~hing and
by introducing various facilities for their
clientle in a systematic way. To make the library a paradise
for rese~rchers there mu~t be liberal provi.10n of books of
all categories and adequate funds for the maintainance of
stock. Increasing emphasis is to be placed on the acquisition
of periodicals. A good library requires UP to date collection
of books and periodicals, which can meet not only the
riquirements of today but also of tomorrow.
The university library should make available the
bibliographical apparatus, books, periodical6, news papers,
manuscripts, films and other materials important to research
programme. The library being the largest resevoir of
knowledge, is vit~l to any kind of research in any field. The
quantitative and qualitative growth of literature has
necesbsitated the preparation and availability of various
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varieties of tools like indexes, abstracts,bibliographies,
documentation list$ etc. by the library. In the absence of
such library tools, the researcher is sure to waste his or
her precious time in finding out the relevant literature. It
is the university library, which can save the time and energy
or the researcher by making available right type of
literature and information through various library tools at
the right time.The university library can provide effective
service by keeping a list of all the research projects, thatare under taken in the different departments of the
university. Thus, the university library facilitates research
. by locating, retrieving and disseminating information to the
researchers working in the different departments of the
university.
The teaching and research function of a
university library as contrasted with library house-keeping
function results in the maximum attainment of educational
objectives of the university. Wilson and Tauber define andd~stinguish between these two functions as, "By house-keeping
level is meant the employment of administrative procedure by
which a minimum of service is provided for the various groups
which comprise the university---Administering the library at
a teaching and research level means exactly the opposite of
this. Such administration is based upon two assumptions:
(a) that learning is promoted by means of variousmethods, including library use as well as the
lecture, the discussion group, the laboratory
13
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I 4
exercise and the field trip, and
(b) that the library may be administered in such a way
that it may make a ma~imum contribution to th.
leaY"ning process" (10).
Administering the libY"aY"Y at a teaching and
research level involves the recognition of the idea that the
library must play a positive role Y"ather than a merely
passive one in university education. It can be possible only
through some library programmes like
(a) initiation
library
way of
of fresh clientele regarding library,
holdings, and library services by
orientation programmes;
(b) encouraging the reading habits among the studentsby various progyammes and practises;
(c) assisting and guiding the Y"eseaY"cher. in the ways ofinvestigation and research activities; and
(d) providing assistance to the faculty members in their
day to day assignment of teaching and research work.
It is true that, the well-equipped and well
organised library is the mile stone of modern educational
structure. The necessity of libraY"Y in education can be
recognised properly and precisely only if we try to under
stand the changing concepts of education of this day.
Eduction bereft of library Yvice is like a body without
-
soul, a
collection
vchicle without its engine,
of bricks without cement.
and edifice merely a
Educatin and library
J 5
services are twin sisters and one can not live apart from the
other.
4 DEyELOPMENT QE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN MODERN INDIA
India, with a hoary past, has had the privilege
of having famous seats of learning viz., Taxila and Nalanda-
the monastery universities, which had rich libraries of that
time. However, the first universities in modern sense were
established in 1857, i.e. after a long time of several
centuries. On the recommendations of the Woods Educaion
Commission, three modern universities came into existence in
the presidency cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, on the
model of London University, in 1857. But their libraries saw
the light of the day much latter i.e. Bombay in 1864,
Calcutta in 1873, and Madras in 1917. Today there are more
than 150 universities and about 15 institutions deemed as
universities. Almost all universities have their libraries
(with few exceptions), the richness of which depends on the~ge of the university, relative importance and financial
resources of the university.
Prior to establishment of the uec (1956) nosystematic study was made at the national level to findout
whether the university libraries were functioning to fulfil
the aims and objectives of university education in thecountry. A few remarkable attempts made by the Gqvernment of
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India were the Indian Universities Commission (1902) which ispopularly known as Hunter Edcuation Commission, the Indian
Universities Act (1904)~ Government of India Resolution on
Educatinal Policy (1913), Education Commission ofRadhakrishnan
-
Patel University in 1955 at Vallabhvidyanagar; The GujaratAyurveda University in 1966 at JamnagarJ the Saurastra
University in 1967 at Rajkot; the South GuJarat University in1967 at SuratJ and the Gujarat Agricultural university in1972 at Dantiwada. The Saurastra University~s Jurisdiction
was bifurcated a9ain in 1978 with the establishment of
Bhavnagar University. Similarly remaining Jurisdiction of
Gujarat university was bifurcated with the establishment ofthe North Gujarat University in 1986 at Patan.
In the year 1920 Gandhijee established Gujar.t Vidyapith atAhmedabad during the freedom movement to provide education to
the people of the country in their own language. Government
of India, Ministry of Education has designated it as deemed
university in 1963.
Thus, the development of the universities in GuJarat
can be divided in to three ph.ses, one preindependence, two
post-independence period under Bombay state, and three after
the emergence of GuJarat as a state i.e. 1960. During pre-
independence periond, onlY.Gujarat Vidyapith was establishedin 1920 but not given any status by the Government. In the
first phase of the development, du.ring post independence
period, only three universities came into existence viz. The
M.S.university of Baroda, GuJarat university, and the
S.p'.university. Just after the bifurcation of Bombay state,
GuJarat had another six universities in the state. In all
GuJarat is having nine universities and one deemed as
university at present, to meet the requirements of higher
J 7
-
t 8
education in the state.
5 1t'FORTANCE QE. THE STUDYA university library is known as the heart of the
university. University library must be geared to present and
future requirements of the modern society, students,
scholars and teachers.
research
The present study aims at lTIaklng a comparative study
ufthe un i ve r s i t v li.b,-arle!,. i.n GUJaraL The Gu Lar a t stat-e is
"h-!W'ing ten un i ve r a i t i e e , but t h e i r library seyvices are not
wll-planned and well-oyganised. The problems faced by the
un i ve r s).t.y l r o r ar i a ns o f t h c state wlll be pointed out andsuggestions tT.ade for t h e i r improvement. These should prove
useful to achiEve an overall improvement in the univeysity
library services in Gujarat. It will be also usful to the~tudents of library and information science, library peY6onnel,
Llbrary and unlversity authorlties.
6 SCOPE OF THE STUpY
In all there are ten universities in Gujarat. Out ofthese, two universities are of specialized nature. Their
collect i ona , services, clientle, requirements are of a
special type. They do not fall in the general universities
category. They are, Gujarat Ayurveda university,Jamnagar, andGujarat Ag ric u 1 t ur a 1 university, Dantiwada. Similarly,GUJarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad is deemed as university, Clnd
imparting education in Humanities and in some subjects of
-
19
social sciences. Over and above the Gujarat Vidyapith library
acts as the state central library and also is working as a
public library. The North Gujarat university was establishedin 1986 which does not have its central library. Hence the
remaining six university libraries are covered in this
thesis. The organizational, administrative, financial and
service aspects of the university libraries, building,
collection, types of readers, library co-operation etc are
studied in detail. Special attention will be given to
'3cquisition of periodicals, staffing, l I b r ar v finance etc.
7 METHODOLOGY
The present study will be based on theoretical as
well as empiyical data. Theoretical frame work will be
prepared on the basis of published and unpublished sources.
the exisiting sitution of university libraries is assessed on
the basis of the primayy and secondary data collected.
Foy the collection of data,
used. viz.
followin9 methods were
data
(1) QuestionnaiYes were circulated to each university
libyayian foy gettin9 the exact primayy
regayding the payticular univeysity library.
(2) Secondary data was collected from the university
budgets and university library reports for the
-
20
different ye-Jrs.
(3) Primary data was collected directly from the users
reg-Jrding the adequ-Jcy and efficiency of the library
services, and their expectations. The coverage of
the redel's is based on random sampling method.
The whole study has been divided into eight
chapters, they being, In trod uc t ion, Library management,
Library Collections, Library finances, Library services,
Library co-operatiQn,
suggestions.
REFERENCES
Library building, and Observations and
1. GUJARAT. Statistical mapGandhinagar, Government Press,
of GuJe r a t ,1986. p 16.
2. GUJARAT, EDUCATION (DepartmentStatistical handbook. Gandhin~ga(,higher education, ~985. p 9.
of-).DiY-ector of
3. INDIA, Census of Lnd ie , 1981 (Gujarat). NewDelhi, Government of India, 1983. p 4.
4. WILSON (Logan). Libraries' roles in Americanhigher education. In: Buc~~ ThQma?j, ~University and rese4rch ~j1u~yies in Japan andUnited States. Chicago, ALA, 1972. p 15.
~. DESHPANDE (KS). UniversityIndia. New Delhi, Sterlin~,
1 i b I' a r y s ns t e ITI11:'U5. p 9.
in
,6. DESHPANDE (KS). Ope c'it. (,5). p 12.
1. WILSON (Logan). op.cH (4). p 18.
8. MUKHERJEE (AK). Llbrarianship it9 philosophy andhistory. Bombay, Asi~, 196t,. p 43.
-
9. INDIA. EDUCATION (Commission on-) (1964 - 65) (Chairman:o S Kothari). Educational planning and thenational policy. Delhi, NCERT, 1971. p 288.
21
10. WILSON (LR) and TAUBER (MF).Library. 2nd ed. New York,Press, 1956. p 148.
The UniversityColumbia University
-
CHAPTER ~.
'= I BRABv t1ANAGEMENI
1 Introduction
2 University library management in India.
21 University library management in GuJarat
211 Executive Council
212 Library Committee
22
2121 Composition of library c ornm i t t e e
21211 Position in Guj~rat
2122 Functions of library committee
21221 Position in GuJarat
2123 Librarian's roll in the library committee
22 Administrative organisation
221 Library Personnel
2211 Staff manual
2212 University librarian
22121 Duties of the university librarian
22122 Qualities and qualifications of the university1 ibrar ian
22123 Status of university librarian
22124 Position in GuJarat
23 Faculty relationship
231 Position in GuJ~rat
24 Pay scales of the library staff
241 Library staff in GuJarat
242 Pay scales of library staff in GuJarat
243 Anomalies in the pay scale~
-
CHAPTER ~
LIBRARY MANAGEMENT
1 iNTRODUCTION
23
Any institution has a set of goals to achieve. And
for the achievement of these goals an appropriate organisa
tlonal structure is framed, an administrative setup is
created, and management authority is appointed. As far as the
principles of organisation and adrrdnistration of a university
library are concerned, these are almost the same which apply
ln other spheres of our lives. It is quite obvious that they
will differ in their degree of detail or they may be given a
speclal twist here and there in order to suit their own
~onditions and institutions. There is no limit to the number
uf administrative principles, since any rule or d~vice
strengthening the human part of the organisation takes its
place among the principles only so long as it is worthy of
this position.
Tne library is a living organism and it has been
defined as a trinity of books, readers and staff brought into
a meaningful and integrated relationship. In order to cope
with this living organism the administrative organisation
-
pittern will have to be dynamic. It must be flexible enou9h
to change and would itself grow 4ccording to the changing
needs of the institution, and it should always be future
oriented.
Wiason and Tauber (1) have e~umerated and discussed
the following principles in relation to the administration or
unlversity library :1. Divis}on of labour, 2. Authority andresponsibility, 3.Discipline, 4.Unity of command, 5. Unity of
management, 6. Subordination of individual interests to the
common good, 7. Centralization, 8. Hierarchy, 9. Span of
control, 10. departlTlentation, 11. Line and staff, 12. Order,
13. Equity, 14. St-.sbil1ty of' staff, 15. Initiative, and lb.
Esprit de corps.
2 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MANAGEMENT !.t! INDIA
24
The university is a temple of learning. It stands
for a community of ideas, a free exchange of thoughts, and it
is also a forum for liberty of mind. The univer~ity is
instrumental in challenging those traditions, norms,
institutions etc. which are keeping the spirit of men in
bondage. University library is the heart of the university,
-
which is primarily concerned with the conserv~tion ~nd
25
dis$emination of knowledge to its users. It is the library
which can play an important role in serving the nation by
providing a con~tant flow of information. For the functional
management of the university library, university authority
should clearly define the university library management and
i t s policy.
acts etc. ,
It may be in the form of
the main idea being
library development and
statutes, ordinances,
the promulgation and
use. Whether it may be
'_.:11011 or large, the university library needs to be properly
organised and successfully administered.
administering the university library,
~dministration should be applied.
In
the
planning
principles
and
of
"The internal governmental policy of the university
librarian to the
lIbrary generally:
(a) defines the relations of theadministration;
(b) clarifies what should constitute the libraryresources of the university, which ~re generally
under the administration of the libraries;
(c) set forth the duties of the librarian;
-
26
(d) provides for a library committee,council or board
to assist the librarianJ and
to
ofunitseducationaland
defines the relationship of the library staff(e)
the dministrative
the lib r a r y " ( 2 ) .
As a result of the Radhakrishnan Commission (1948),the Government of India established the UGC in 1956. Soon
after the establishment of the uec, a Library Committee was
appointed under the chairmanship of Dr.S.R.Ran9anathan in
1957, to investigate and probe into the working of university
and college libraries, and develop certain norms for their
proper management and administration. However, this committee
has not made any recommendations for the administrative
structure of university libraries, though the committee had
gone in detail with book selection, financial management,
departmentalisation, library personnel, services and other
related issues. Although the uee library committee has given
weightage in its recommendation on deparmentalisation and the
staffing pattet"n, it fails to provide any specific
recommendations for administrative structure of the universiy
l t b r ar t e s ,
pertaining
Due
to
to absence of specific
the internal management
recommendations
of university
libraries, e~ch university library follows its own patterns,
which naturally vary from library to library.
-
21 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MANAGEnENT ~ GVJABAT
In Gu Ler a t , if the university library
management is sought, recourse must be had to the laws of the
state concerning the institutions which the library serve.
Although variation in university pattern is to be expected,
the universities in Gujarat are organised as teaching andaffiliating ones. The M.S.University of Baroda, which imparts
teaching at under graduate, and post graduate .level, is a
residential university. In all other universities of Gujarat,post gradu~te teaching is the principal domain of the
university departments (though the same is done in somecolleges also). The affiliated colleges control maJority ofundergraduate teaching. Admission to research work is
rontrolled by the universities. Each university of Gujarat isgoverned by its individual act.
211 EXECUTIVE CoYNCILExecutive Council is the apex body in the university
administration, which helps in taking policy decisions of the
university on every issue pertaining to any component of the
27
university.
formation
In
of
GuJarat it is also named as
the executive council is
syndicate.
dlfferent
The
from
university- to university, although their functions and
duties are almost similar to each other.
212 LIBRARY ~IrTE~The university library is normally governed by a
library committee. The function of the library committee
basically is the guardianship of the library, to see that it
-
is well maintained, to frame rules for its use, to guide and
promote its further development, and to recommend and secure
the necessary finances.
28
If the librarian has shown himself to be a
adm i n i a t r e t or", the library committee's role will
capable
be on
adVIsory, supporting, and endorsing, rather than an executive
one: enabling the librarian to elaborate his plans in the
light of detailed criticism, and in enlisting on behalf of
the library a body of enlightened opinion within the
university.
librarian and to advise
Library
responsibilities
committee
of the
iii supposed to share the
the
librarian in policy making regarding the library. University
librarian has the executive responsibility for the day to day
f"andgement of the 1 i br ar v pr ob lems.
Library committee is generally responsible to a
higher body, usually the executive council of the university.
Business of the library committee varies from library to
library. Some matters are common to all. One is the annual
report of
budget.
the library. Another standard item is library
In India, the tiNt library comrrJittee came into
existence on the 1st March 1873, when the syndicate of the
Calcutta University appointed a committee to prepare a list
of books for purchase(3). Since then the library committeehas come to stay in Indian universities. It is also known as
library advisory committee, libr.ry management committee or
-
library Board.
2121 COMPOSITION QE LIBRARY CQMMIT~As far ~s possible library committee must neces~arily
29
be limited in its size, if it is to be workable. Membership
of the library committee usually reflects the faculty of the
university, students representation. The academic staff
members of the committe.e should certainly include
sprinkling of the more high powered university figures-deans
and senior professorsl, the vice-chancellor, the Pro- vice-
chancellor is commonly an ex-officio member. The obvious
advantage of having such members is that the library thereby
el,lists some influential voice in promoting its aims. The
total size of the committee tends to be of 10 to 12 members.
The urliversity librarian norm_lly acts as secretary to the
library committee, and brings his deputy,
librarian, to its meetings w~th him, and the vice-chancellor
acts as the chairman of the library committee.
The deputy librarian or assistant librarian, however,
has a specific and valuable role to play. First of all, he
usually acts as minutes-taker, because the librarian is too
~ctively involved in the committep-/s discussions to be able
at the some time to record its deliberations.
In India, the concept of the university
committee is more than one century old. We do not have any
standard practice r.g~rding tha composition of the library
committee in our universities. Surprisingly the UGC library
-
cOmmittee (1957) does not give any recommendations regarding
university library committee's composition. U.K. UGC (1967)
report ~tated, " the university library committee is most
commonly a senate committee, although in a few universities
composed largely of representatives of the faculties
often appointed by them), with ex-officio membership of
vice-chancellor, his deputy and some other officer of.
it is a joint committee of senate or council. It may be(and
the
the
university, the treasurer, bursar, secretary or registrar -
who may be invited to attend only. The vice-chancellor is
usually the chairman and the librarian or the registrar is
the secretary of the committee"(4).
2121 t POSITION m GUJARATThere is no specific rule regarding the composition
()f the library committee in the universities of GuJarat.\ The
library committee's composition in each university is
different and it is given in the hand book of each university.
In the M.S.University of Borada, the libr4ry
committee consist~ of :
(i) The vice chancellor (chairman, ex-officio);(ii) The Pro-vice chancellor;(iii) not more than 20 members appointed by the syndicate, 6
of them being members of the council of post-graduate
studies and research'
(iv) university librarian shall be secretary of the
commi t teel! (5).
-
The composition of the library committe in GujaratUniversity, Ahmedabad is as follows 1
31
(i)
(ii)
( i i )(iv)(v)
(vi)
The vice-chancellor, (chairman, ex-officio);The pro-vice-chancellorJ
Deans of faculties;
Heads of the univesity schools,
The univer$lty librarian, andThree members to be nominated by the executive
council"(6).
(v)
nii>
(iv)
Composition of library committee in the
Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, is as under I
(1) The vice-chancellor, (chairman, ex-officio),( i i) Heads of. the un i vers it y post -gradua t E!
departmentti'
two for basic sciences,
two from languages, and
two from social sciences,
two principals of degree colleges,
Such other persons not exceeding thr to be
nominated by the syndicate, and
the librarian (secretary)"(7).
In the Saurastra university, Rajkot, universitylibrary committee consists of I
(i) the vice-chancellor (chairman, ex-officio);(ii) the pro-vice chancellor,
-
(iii> the deans of faculties;
(iv) the heads of university departments, and(v) three other members nominated by the
syndicate, one of whom shall be a teacher
recognised for guiding Ph.D. students" (8).
In the South Gujarat university, Surat, the librarycommittee shall consists a'.
(i) the vice-chancel loY (chairman, ex-officio),
-
(v)
( iii )(tv)
the heads of the university department;
One principal of the degree college nominated
by the executive councilJ
Four other members, to be nominated by the
executive council, one of whom shall be a
teacher recognised for guiding Ph.D.
students, and one teacher of degree college
who is a member of the University court, and
(vi) the registrar "(10).The chairman of library committee in all the
universities of Gujatat is the vice-chancellor. Deans of thefaculties and the heads of the university post-graduate
departments are also members. In S.P.university two
principals of degree colle~e are nominated. Teachers
recognised for guiding Ph.D. students are given place in all
the university library committee. It is a common feature in
all university library committee in GuJarat to nominate
members by the executive councilor syndicate. Only in
Bhavnagar University the Registrar is the member of library
committee. In the same way, only in South Bujarat university,Surat, student repr entative is incorporated. i.e. one
research scholar is nominated by the vice-chancellor.
Saurastra University, Rajkot, and Bhavnagar university,Bhavnagar, however, do not give any place to its university
librarian in the library committee. In the rest of the
universities of the state univer5ity librarian is the ex-
officio secretary of the library committee.
Looking at the above situation of the composition
33
-
of library committee in the state, there seems to be an
ur gen t need
standardize
of the steps being taken in this direction
the composition and earmark the powers
to
and
functions of university library committees in Gujarat.
2122 FUNCTI PNS OF THE LIBRARY COM" I TTEE
The library committee can be an immensely useful
group in advisory capacity. The library will do well to
measure faculty views on a myriad of library problems before
taking steps that may arouse strong criticism of the library.
University library committees in India, mostly, are concerned
with the book selection work, allocation of book funds to
various subjects, framing and amending of library rules,evaluating and appraisal of library services, and giving
suggestions for the improvement of library services. The
services of library committee are desirable in fulfilling the
responsibilities involved in the administration of a big
university library.
The functions of the library committee may be
summarized as follows,
(i> Establishment of major operational policies suchas circulation rules, regulation.. for use -of
out siders, access to and publishing of
manuscripts, and book collection,
Support for the total library budget, often
particular advice on the allocation of the
budget;
with
book
-
(iii) advice on an extraordinary purchase of a book-collection as acceptance of a major collection;and
(iv) council to the library administration.Wilison and Tauber(ll) have enumerated following
functions of the library committee, which are not at all
comparable with the functions of university library commlttee
1n India.
(a) Formulating a library policy in relation to thedevelopment of users for institution and
research,
(b) advising the allocation of book funds to thelibrary and the various departments and school~;
(c) advising on the policy of reproducing unique
materials;
(d) collaborating on decisions regarding theallocation of library space needed by department
of instruction; and
(e) developing a general programme of library servicefor all the interests of the univer5ity".
In the Carl M.White Survey Report of the Delhi
University library (12), powers and duties of the library
committee are listed as:
(a) General management of the library,
(b) preparation of the library budget for the
approval of higher authorities,
(c) reporting annually on the work of the library;
35
-
(d) preparation for the Academic council ofrecommendations on how the use of the library is
to be regulated; and
(e) advising the executive council on all library
staff appointments and promotions. II
In India, the UGC committee has not SU9gested any
functions of the university library committee, with the
result, no uniform functions of the university library
committees in India are found. This has created problems in
university library administration in India.
21221 POSITIOtj lli SUJAMIIn the absence of uniform functions of the
university library committee in India, similar situation is
found in Gujarat.In the hand book of the M.S. University of Baroda,
the library committee shall have the following powers and
responsibilities vide ordinance 39 of the university (13);
"(1) The library committee shall, subject to thecontrol of the syndicate, act as general policy
making body for the library services of the
university.It shall advise the syndicate on any
matter connected with the library service. In
particular and without prejudice to the generalityof the foregoing power, the committee shall
make recommendations to the syndicate regarding:
(a) the needs of adequate library service in the
-
university including funds, books, staff,
etc;
(b) the allocation of funds for various subjectsor purposes;
(c) writing off the unservicable books as loss
of books.
(ii) the university librarian shall be incharge ofthe administration of library service according
to the policy laid down by the authorities and
advise the library committee in all matters
pertaining to the library rvice,
(iii) the library committee shall have the power tomake rules governing the use of the library from
time to time and to amend them. Such rules and
any changes made there in shall be reported to
the syndicate,
(iv) the university librarian shall make arrangements
to take stock of books and period~cals every
three years, and maintain UP to date the
catal09ue of books and periodicals
in the library.He shall report to the library
committee in the matter. The library
committee shall take whatever action they
deem fit on the report."
The functions 0' the university library committee ofGujarat university, Ahmedabad are as under, (14):
"(i) the library committee, shall subject to the
37
-
control of the Executive council, manage the
library and advise the executive council on
any matter connected with the library referred
to it by the executive council. In particular
and without prejudice to the generality of theforegoing power, the committee shall have power
to make recommendation to the executive council,
(a) as to the administration of the funds setapart for the library;
(b) as to the appointment of the staff of thel.ibrary including the librarian; and
(c) other matter connected with the library.
(ii) the committee shall report to the executivecouncil for information, the purchase of books and
disposal of such books a9 in the opinion of
the committee, are either worthless, unserviceable
or otherwise useless. For the purpose
of this ordinance books shall include manuscripts
and periodicalsJ
(iii)thelibrary committee shall have the powers to makerules governing the use of the library from time
to time, and to amend them. Such rules, and any
changes made therein, shall be reported to the
executive council".
The functions of the library committee of the
Sardar Patel University are as under I
38
.. ( i ) The librarycontrol of
committee shall, subjectthe syndicate manage the
to the
library,
-
advise the syndicate on any matter connected
39
with the library or referred to it by the
syndicate. In particular and without prejudice tothe generality of the foregoing power the
committee shall have power to make recommendations
to the syndicate.
(a) as to the administration of the funds setapart for the library; and
(b) other matters connected with the library.(it) the committee shall report to the syndicate for
information of purchase of books and disposal of
such books as in the opinion of the committee are
either worthless, unserviceable, or otherwise
useless. For the purpose of this ordinance, books
shall include manuscripts and periodicals,
(iii) the library committee shall have power to makerules governing the use of the library from time
to time and to .amend them Such rules and any
change made therein, shall be reported to the
syndicate.
-
(a) regarding the administration of the fund setapart for the library,
(b) regarding the requirement of the staff of thelibrary, and
(c) regarding other matters connected with thelibrary,
(2) The committee shall report to the syndicate, forinformation, the purchase of books and disposal
of such books as in the opinion of the committee
are either worthless, unserviceable, or otherwise
useless.For the purposes of ordiance,books shall
include manuscripts and periodicals,
(3) The committee shall have the power to make rulesgoverning the use of library from time to time and
to amend them. Such rules, and any amendments made
therein, shall be reported to the syndicate,
(4) the committee shall have the power to write off
books lost during any year of the value not
exceeding Rs.tODO/-after holding necessary inquiry
and shall report the matter to the syndicate~.
The functions of the university library committee of
South GuJarat university,Surat, are under I
(1) The library committee shall, subject to the controlof the syndicate, manage th. library and advise
the syndicate on any matter connected with the
library, re'erred to fit by the syndicate. In
particular and without prejudice to the generality
40
-
of the foregoing power, the committee shall have
power to make recommendations to the syndicate
aboutJ
tal any matter connected with the library
(b) the administration of the funds t apart for
the library,
(2) the committee shall report to the syndicate, forinformation, on the purchase of books and disposal
of such books as in the opinion of the committee,
the purposes of the ordinance, books shall
include manuscripts and periodicals,
(3) the committe. shall have the power to make rulesgoverning ,the use of the library from time to time
and to amend them.Such rules, and any amendments
made therein,&hall be reported to the syndicate"
(17).The Bhavnagar university library committee functions
and powers are as undera
(i) to make recommendation to the executive council,(a) regarding the administration of the funds set
apart for the librarYJ
(b) regardig the requirement of the staf' of thelibrary;
(c) regarding other matters connected with the
librariv.
(ii) the committee shall report to the executive
council, the purchase of books and disposal of
41
-
such books as in opinion of the commitee,
are either worthless, unserviceable or otherwise
useless. For the purposes of the ordinance
books shall include manuscripts and periodicals.
(iii) the committee shall have the power to make
rules governing the use of the library from
time to time to amend them. Such rules, and any
amendments made therein, shall be reported to
the executive council.
(iv) the committee shall have the power to writeoff books lost during any year, of the value
not excdin9 Rs.l000/-after holdin9 necessary
inquiry and shall report the matter to the
executive council~(18).
It is common in all the universities of the state,
that their library committees are subject to the control ofthe sYndicate or executive council of the university, and act
as a policy making body for governing the library and .its
services. It is also common feature that the libra~y
committee advises the syndicate or executive council
pertaining to any busines5 re9arding library, it has also the
power to allocate the funds for the purchase of readin9
materials. Writing off the unserviceable books or loss of the
books or the Peru of the library committee in all the
universities of the state, although some minor changes are
there. The library committees are empowered to make rules and
a~end them from time to time to govern library services, such
42
-
changes shall be reported to the higher body of the
43
universities.
Only the M.S.university of Baroda has fixed the
responsibilities of the university librari~n to take stock of
reading materials at every three year., and maintain up to
date catalogue of readinq material in the libraries and he
shall have to report to the committee in this matter. The
library committee shall take whateVEr action they deem fit on
the report.
In Gujarat university, the library committee shall havepower to make re~ommendation to the executive council in the
appointment of the library staff including the librarian,
where as in the Saurastra university and Bhavnagar university
powers are delegated to the library committee to make
recommendation to the syndicate in the requirements or the
staff of the library. Other universities have not made any
provision in this regard.
In all other business matters, like purchase of books,
~110cation of funds, maintaining accounts, reporting etc.
provisions are almost the same in all the universities of
Gujarat.
2123 LIBRARIAN'S~ ~~ LIBRARY COMMITTEELibrarian is the administrator of the university library
and he generally acts as the secretary of the library
committee. He is the expert of the library business in the
library committee. He (librarian) must have the Knowledgeabout what business he has to bring in the library committee
-
which is most important, he has to act in such a way, that he
will be able to win the confidence of the chairman and the
members of the library committee. In the immediate
circumstances any of his decision should be informed to the
chairman of the library committee soon, to make realize the
library committee that the decision taken by him was honest,
and in the interest of the library and its services which
helps him getting confidence of the committee in hi. work.
Similarly, if the librarian wants to make any
significant change, he will have to report the same to the
committee, and welcome any criticism op it made by the
committee.
22 AADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION
To achieve a set of goals of an institution an effective
organisation of the administration is required. While
planning it requires sincere consideration, viz the personnel
and th~ objectives and aims of organiation. Her. libranYstaff come into the picture, which helps in achieving set
goals, and for this reason some part of administrative
organisation is required. As the library is the trinity of
books, readers, and staff and it is also a social
institution, adequate st~ff is need.d~
Success of any organisation partly depends on the staff
structure and the duties assigned to them, and for that we
require a detailed staff manual, which we generally lack in
the university libraries of India.
44
-
221 LIBRARY PERSONNEL
It is a general principle of organisation, that for any
new organisation the chief of the organisation is appointed
first and according to his need the subordinate staff is
appointed. Thus, development starts from top to bottom. In
India the university library develops from bottom to top, and
in Gujarat, university library develops from top to bottom,
In almost all the university libraries in Gujarat librarianwere appointed first and there after the subordinate staff.
2211 STAFF MANUAL
This is a detailed written account of every operation
which is performed in the library. The staff manual can be a
highly useful administrative device for orienting and
training new staff and for ensuring uniform application of
policies and rules throughout the university library system.
They may provide detailed descriptions of methods and
practices in all library departments, administrative policies
and regulations relating to appointments, salaries, load of
work, promotions, leaves of absence, staff meetings, etc.
descriptions of library policy with respect to acquisition,
lending of books, provision of reference and bibliographical
services, attendance at profes~ional meetings, samples of
library forms with instructions for using them, lists of
library publications and guides to their preparation, and
many additional subjects that relate to the programme of thelibrary II (19)
45
-
Generally, in Indian university libraries such type of
46
staff manuals are not found In Gujarat, only theM.S.,university library has prepared a detailed staff manual,
which provides orientation to the newly appointed staff in
the library.
2212 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANIt is the librarian, who has to play an important role
in the university in providing information to its users.
Atkinson has rightly stated; "The library is the core of a
university. As a resource it occupies the control and primary
place, because it serves all the functions of a university
teaching and research, the creation of new knowledge and the
transmission to posterity of the learning and culture of
present and the past." (20)
In a university the librarian should not be a sticker of
the rules, but he has to apply his wisdom in interpreting
t h ern as he is the pol icy maker, the manager, the
adrn i n r s t r e t or , and the executive one. Thus, with mu Lt i
dimensional duties of the librarian, he must be well aware
with the different facts of the present modern librarianship.
Status and designation of the librarian is defined in
the statues or the ordinances of the university. The
appointment of the librarian is generally made by the
selection committee subject to the approval of the executivecouncilor the syndicate, In some cases the library committee
-
may also advi5e the higher authorities for the appointment of
the librarian.
22121 DUTIES OF ~ UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
The university librarian is the same what ever be the
designation. There are some slight changes from library to
library due to the local needB. But the fundamental duties
are the same, which are :
II (1) To formulate and administey pol ices, yules and
regulations for the purpose of securing the most
complete use of the library by students, faculty
membeY5, and other members of the univeysity
communi t y,
(2) to payticipate in the formulation of the educationalpolicies of the univeysity,
(3) to participate in activities of the un4versity
library committee as a member and as an officer
(usually secretary, rather then che i r men r ,
47
(4) to maintain relationships with the
deans, and other univeysity officials,
pyesident,
(5) to b~ar responsibility to the pyesident foy the
satisfactory goveynment and administYation of the
Iibr ay y,
(6) to select a harmonious administyative, technical,
and seyvlce ~ta" and to recommend this employment
-
to the president,
(7) to make recommendations to the president on allmatters pertaining to the status, promotion, change
in position, or dismissal of members of the library
staff,
(8) to guide the development of the book collection of
the university library ~nd to be responsible for
all book collections of the university,
(9) to represent the university li~rary to its users,
the general public, and in educational and library
gr~up,
(10) to make reports to the president or board oftrustees and to library agencies,
(11) to assist in securing gifts for the library
(12) to provide and execute the annual budget for the
operation of the library, and
(13) to co-operate with librarians and scholars in
making resources available for research. II (21)
The specific ~reas of the librarian~s duties are
staffing, the provision and maintenance of accommodation and
equipment, building up the library~s stock, and readers
services.
The organisation and management of a library cannot be
regarded as an occupation for untrained scholars, but neither
can it solely be regarded in bureaucratic or office terms. A
university library is not a government department, or an
insurance office, or a department store. A librarian is
obliged to ask the right managerial questions - what, why,
48
-
UNIVERSITY
Doctorate in Library Science or any other
when, where, how, who? But he must remember in answering
these questions that his true brief is to remain an educator
and a librarian (22).
22122 QUALITIES ~ QUALIFICATIONLIBRARIAN
As university librarian has to perform his
multidimensional duties and functions, he must possess some
qualities. The nearest to general truth is that the two
essential beliefs of a librarian are balief in importance and
effectiveness of the written words, and in service to people.
He must have some standard virtues.
Keeping in view the duties and functions the university
librarian has to perform, the UGC (India) had prescribedessential qualifications as under. (23)J
Minimum: M.Lib.Sc. Second class and M.A. or M.Sc. Second
class and Diploma in library Science or B.Lib. Se. First
class, prescribed minimum experience in research or a
university library.
Desi rab l e
sub jec t.Ministry of Education, Government of Indi. vide their
circular No.F.29-20/66/U-l dated the 6th S.pt.1968, has
declared that the UGe has prescribed the following
qualifications for the unlv.r.ity llbrari.ns.
Profeseional sanior (Prolsor)~-:l) M.A./M.Sc./H.Com. Fir~t or Second cla9s with B.Lib.Sc. or
49
-
50
Dip.Lib.Sc. First or second class, the degree of M.Lib.Sc.
being a preferential qualification,
(b) At least 10 year~s experience of working as librarian or
in a responsible professional capacity, and
(wi threcord and research experience(c) Good academic
publications).
The change of qualifications for the university librarian
had damaged. a lot the status of librarian and the profe5sion
too. The institutions imparting M.Lib.Sc. found the whole
exercise almost unnecessary. Government~s amendment had been
criticized on each and every platform of the profession. One
such comment appeared on 22nd January 1969, in the Times of
India, which reads as follows. "persons with higher
percentage of marks in their graduate degree will no longer
have an incentive to join the profession becau~e even afterdevoting two years to professional education and having
secured a Master~s Degree in the subject they shall not beeligible for higher positions in the university libraries and
that persons possessing even a Ph.D. degree in library
science shall not be having any prospects for senior
professional Jobs unless they do and obtain Master~6 degree
in any area of academic educations".
In December 1982, the Ministry of Education and
Culture (Department of Education), Government of India hasrevised the pay scale of the university librarian and deputy
librarian vide letter No.F.2-1/82/ dated 15th December 1982.
-
But qualifications were unchanged.
,.~~_TEGORY OF EgST
Librarian
QUALIFICATIONS
51
(Rs. 1500-2500) (a) First 01" second class M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.plus a first or second class Diploma in
Library Science. The degree of
M.Lib.Sc. is preferetial qualification.
(b) At least 10 years experience as
librarian or in a responsible
professional capacity in a university
library.
research
(c) Good academic qualificationsexperience
and
(wi thmust
of
Deputy Librarian
( 1200 -1 900)
publications). The qualificationsbe in general, comparable to those
professors in universities.
(a) First or second class M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.plus a first or second class B.Lib.Sc.
or Diploma in Library Science. The
degree of M.Lib.Sc. is preferetial
qualification.
(b) At least
librarian
7 years
01" in
experience as
a responsible
professional capacity in a library.
(c) Good academic qualifications and
-
research experience (with
52
publications). The qualifications mustbe in general, comparable to those of
readers in universities.
Assi5t~nt libr~ri~n/Documentation officer(Rs. 700-1600)
(a) First or second class B.A./B.Sc./B.Com.
degree plus a first or second class
M.Lib.sc. degree.
or
First or second class M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.
and ~ first or second class B.Lib.Sc.
or a Diploma in Library Science.
The above mentioned qualifications are applicable
only to librarians, deputy librarians and assistant
librarians of the universities those who are already in
service.
For the new recruitment to the post of assistant
libr~rian ~nd documentation officers, minimum qualifications
have been prescribed as follows1
Assistant Librarianl (a) Good academic record with atDocumentation offic.r least second class master
degree in subject other thanLibrary Science.
-
(b) Master degree in Library
53
Science with first or
second class.
high
Jt implies that the minimum qualifications for the
recruitment of librarian/ deputy librarians of the
universities will be issued later on.
The recommedations of the panel on Library and
Information Science, pertaining to qualifications for the
recruitment to the post of Librarians/Deputy
Librarians/Assistant Librarians in the universities were
accepted by the UGC in its meeting of 7th July 1984, which
are as under:
A. Universities
1. Librarian (1500-2500)
(a) First or ~econd cl~ss M.Lib.Sc. or
M.A./M.Sc./M.Com. plus ~ first or 5econd cla~s
B.Lib.Se. or Diploma in Library Science.
(b) At "least ten years experience as Librarian or in
a responsible professional capacity in a
university library.
(c) Ph.D. degree or equivalent research work in thefield relevant to the profe5sion.
(d) In certain situations in academic librariestraining in computerization/Information
Technology/Sepcializnd area may be taken into
-
con~ideration.
2. Deputy Librarian/Documentation Officer (1200-1900)
(a) First or second class M.Lib.Sc. orM.A./M.Sc./M.Com. plus a first or second class
B.Lib.Sc. or Diploma in Library Science.
(b) At least seven years experience as Librarian orin a responsible professional capacity in a
university library.
(c) Ph.D. de9ree or equivalent research work in thefield relevant to the profession.
(d) In certain situations in academic librariestrainin9 in computerization/Information
Technology/Sepcialized area may be taken into
consideration.
3. Assistant Librarian/DocQmentation Officer (700-1600)
(a) Good academic record with at least a high secondmaster~s de9ree in a .ubject other than LibraryScience.
(b) Master~s degree in Library Science with first orhigh second class.
221243 STATUS OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
54
The University librarian must enjoy the statusaccording to his academic and profes~ional qualifications and
the responsibilities which he has to bear. The fir5t seminar
of university librarians had recommended that:
-
"University librarian
(a) given statutory recognition,
(b) be directly responsible to the vice chancellor ofthe university,
(c) be an ex-officio member of all academic bodies.
(d) be the member-secretary of the library committee
which will function only in an advlsory capacity,
and
(e) be accorded the status and privilege6 of a
university teachers and the head of a university
P06t graduate department II (24).
Similarly, the Calcutta University Commission(1917-
1919)recommended that, the unversity librarian ought to be
functionary of great importance, ranking with unversity
professors, and having a place in the supreme academic body
of the university.
After all such recommendations regarding the status
of university librarian in India, still many universities
have not given such status to the librarians.
22124 POSITION ~ GUJARAT
55
The position of university librarians
universities of GuJarat is a5 under.
in the
-
TABLE-l
COMPARATIVE POSITION OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS IN LIBRARY
COMMITTEES AND ACADEMIC BODIES OF THE UNIVERSITY
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY MEMBER OF STATUS INUNIVERSITY LIBRARY ANY ACADEMIC LIBRARY
HEADED BY BODY OF UNIV. COMMITTEE
M. S. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN SECRETARY
GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN SENATE SECRETARY(VACANT)
S.P. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN SECRETARY
SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
56
SOUTH GUJARATUNIVERSITY
LIBRARIAN SECREATRY
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY ASSISTANTLIBRARIAN
- _._._.--_._------------------------------
While observing the above situation in GuJar e t , it
can be seen that only Bhavanagr university library is headed
by the assistant librarian. Similarly, in the Gujaratuniversity the post of librarian 1~ found vancant since 1980,
and other four university libraries have ful-fledged
librarians. They are the M.S. universities of Baroda,
S.P.university,
university.
Saurastra university and South Gujarat
The librarian of Gujarat University is the only ex-officio memb&Y of the senat Remaining univer~ity libr~rian.
of Gujarat are not the members of any academic body of theirrespective universities.
-
In the M.S. university of Baroda, Gujarat university,
57
S.P. university, and South Gujarat university, universitylibrarians are ex-officio member secretary of the library
committee. Surprisingly in Saurastra universit~, and
Bhavnagar university, librarians have not been given any
place even in the library committe.
The duties of the unversity librarian in Gujarat arenot clearlY defined. Only in the M.S. university of Baroda,
under the ordinance 39 of the university it is mentioned
that, lithe university librarian shall be in-charge of the
administration of the library service according to the policy
laid down by the authorities, and advise the library
committee in all matters pertaining to the library service.
And the university librarian shall make arrangements to take
stock of books and periodicals every three years and maintain
upto date the catalogue of books and periodicals in the
libraries. He shall report to the library committee in the
matter. The library committee shall take whatever action they
deem fit on the report"(25).
The existence of the library committee is a common
feature in.11 the universities of GuJarat.
The profe$sional qualifications of the universitylibrarian in Gujarat are not as prescribed by the UGC northey are being paid the grades of the UGC. Out of all six
libraries, only three university librarians possess the
-
M.L.l.S.degree
Baroda, S.P.
viz. The librarians of the M.S. university of
university, and Saurastra university. The
58
librarian of the South Gujarat university, Surat has onlyB.L.I.S. degree. In the Gujarat university, the post oflibrarian is vacant since 1980, where as Bhavnagar university
library is headed by the assistant librarian, who is
possessing B,L.I.S. degree. There is no single university
librarian in GuJarat, who is having Ph.D. degree in Library
and Information Science.
The pay scales of the university librarian in Gujaratare not equated with academic staff so far. Only in the
M.S.university of Baroda, till 1985 they were equivalent to
the university professor. The commission of the state (knownas Desai pay commission> had suggested and Government of
Gujarat had the pay scale of 1100-1600 for the universitylibrarian from 1st January 1973. The third pay commission of
the state was totally scrapped by the government on the
demand of the state employees, and the equivalent pay scale
of the Fourth pay commission of the central government is
Implemented in the state from 1st January 1986. Thus, state
government has given the equivalent scale only. Hence pay
scale of the university librarians in the state is R~.3000
4500, from 1st January 1986.
ienerally in Gujarat, university librarians have notbeen given academic status nor they are equated in pay with
the academic staff. Thi. do not provide an opportunity for
them to sit in various academic committees of the
-
universities, and do not take part in any deliberations in
the university. This situation in Gujarat requires majorchanges.
23 FACULTY RELATIONSHIP
The university library is the trinity of books,
re~ders and staff, which requires the co-operation among all
these three factors. The success of the library and its
services to a large extent depends on the co-operation and
con-ordination of all these three factors. In relation to
library and library services in the university, librarians
relation can be with, authority, staff, the faculty, and the
student community. University library users can be broadly
classified in the following categories, viz.
(1) the students, those who use the librarY for readingand study purpose, i.e. undergraduate students,
(2) the students, those who use the library for theirhigher study in depth, i.e. post-graduate students,
(3) the research scholars, who use the library for
their research purpose,
(4) The faculty members, who use the library to acquire
recent developmentG in their subjects, extension ofknowledge to keep themselves abreast with recent
trends, for research purpose and teachin~.
The university librarian is not merely an
~dministrator. He should kRep in mind that he is the head of
the heart of the university, and a social institution. Hence
59
-
his relationship with the faculty members should be close and
60
cordial, and he himself has to keep abreast with the recent
major developments in the various subjects of universe ofknowledge, which helps him in providing leadership to
university library in general and to library services in
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