learner language class final for online

Dr. Comfort Pratt

Similar in the interlanguage of learners from different language backgrounds

DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCES

The interlanguage continuum consists of a series of overlapping grammars. They share some rules with the previously constructed grammar, but also contains some new or revised rules.

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irregular past

regular past –edthird person singular –s

possessive ‘s

-ing (progressive)plural

copula (‘to be’)

auxiliary (progressive as in ‘He is going’)

article

ROLE OF L1 IN L2 ACQUISITION

Learners’ L1 has an influence on acquisition sequences

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Restriction of L2 rule due to absence in L1

Avoidance – a feature in the L2 is so different from the L1 that the learner avoids trying to use it

Difficulty in noticing that a feature does not belong to the target language, due to similarities between the languages.

The threshold hypothesis

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Some reasons for the order:

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QUESTIONS

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Stage 1Single words, sentence fragments, formulae

 Stage 2No inversion, no fronting, declarative word order

Stage 3Do- fronting; wh- fronting, no inversion; other fronting

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Stage 4Inversion in wh- + copula; yes/no questions with other auxiliaries

 Stage 5Inversion in wh- with both an auxiliary and a main verb

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Stage 6Complex questionsQuestion tag

Negative question

Embedded question

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NEGATION

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Stage 1Negative element (no, not) is placed before the verb or the element being negated. Often, the subject is not there. Stage 2Alternation of no, not, and unmarked don’t; don’t used with modals)

Stage 3Negative element placed after auxiliary verbs. Don’t is still unmarked.

 Stage 4Do is marked for tense, person and number. Sometimes, both the auxiliary verb and the principal verb are marked.

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Stage 5The principal verb is no longer marked.

• RELATIVE CLAUSES

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PART OF SPEECH

RELATIVE CLAUSE

Subject The person who did it was smart.

Direct Object The book that I bought was insightful.

Indirect Object The teacher whom we nominated won the award.

Object of Preposition

Here is the person that I traveled with.

Possessive This is the girl whose mother abandoned her.

Object of Comparison

The girl that Francisco is more in love with doesn’t love him.

•VOCABULARYHow do L2 learners learn vocabulary?More difficult than L1 due to limited

samples of the language

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