learner language class final for online
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Comfort Pratt
Similar in the interlanguage of learners from different language backgrounds
DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCES
The interlanguage continuum consists of a series of overlapping grammars. They share some rules with the previously constructed grammar, but also contains some new or revised rules.
DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCES
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irregular past
regular past –edthird person singular –s
possessive ‘s
-ing (progressive)plural
copula (‘to be’)
auxiliary (progressive as in ‘He is going’)
article
ROLE OF L1 IN L2 ACQUISITION
Learners’ L1 has an influence on acquisition sequences
DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCES
Restriction of L2 rule due to absence in L1
Avoidance – a feature in the L2 is so different from the L1 that the learner avoids trying to use it
Difficulty in noticing that a feature does not belong to the target language, due to similarities between the languages.
The threshold hypothesis
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Some reasons for the order:
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QUESTIONS
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Stage 1Single words, sentence fragments, formulae
Stage 2No inversion, no fronting, declarative word order
Stage 3Do- fronting; wh- fronting, no inversion; other fronting
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Stage 4Inversion in wh- + copula; yes/no questions with other auxiliaries
Stage 5Inversion in wh- with both an auxiliary and a main verb
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Stage 6Complex questionsQuestion tag
Negative question
Embedded question
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NEGATION
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Stage 1Negative element (no, not) is placed before the verb or the element being negated. Often, the subject is not there. Stage 2Alternation of no, not, and unmarked don’t; don’t used with modals)
Stage 3Negative element placed after auxiliary verbs. Don’t is still unmarked.
Stage 4Do is marked for tense, person and number. Sometimes, both the auxiliary verb and the principal verb are marked.
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Stage 5The principal verb is no longer marked.
• RELATIVE CLAUSES
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PART OF SPEECH
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Subject The person who did it was smart.
Direct Object The book that I bought was insightful.
Indirect Object The teacher whom we nominated won the award.
Object of Preposition
Here is the person that I traveled with.
Possessive This is the girl whose mother abandoned her.
Object of Comparison
The girl that Francisco is more in love with doesn’t love him.
•VOCABULARYHow do L2 learners learn vocabulary?More difficult than L1 due to limited
samples of the language
DEVELOPMENTAL SEQUENCES
THE END