latest trends in wireless technology
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+
Latest Trends in Wireless Technology Dr. Mazlan Abbas
[Seminar, UTHM, 28 August, 2013]
+Summary
! Introduction to the Digital Natives
! DNA - The Key Drivers
! The Key Challenges ! The Traffic Demand
! The Network Requirements
! The Technology Trends
! Summary
+ Digital Natives - Webciety
Create Use Live
“We create the Internet” “We live and breathe in the Internet”
“We use the Internet”
+
1st Screen
2nd Screen
3rd Screen
4th Screen
5th Screen
Cinema
Television
Computer
Smartphone
Tablet
Digital Native
Screen Evolution
+Overview
! 3G Service
! 14.6 M subscriptions [Dec. 2012]
! 82% pop coverage [June 2012]
! Cellular phone subscriptions
! 41.1 M
! 141.6% per pop [Dec. 2012]
! Cellular coverage at populated areas
! 96.8% [Dec. 2012]
! Internet users
! 17.7 M [June 2012]
! Mobile broadband subscriptions ! 3.3 M [Jan. 2013]
! Broadband subscriptions ! 6.2 M [Jan. 2013]
! In 2013, our digital eco-system will welcome two new service, Hybrid TV – Digital Terrestrial TV with Internet and Mobile 4G-LTE
+4G (LTE)
+
Key Drivers
+
Driver #1
MOBILE
+Future Wireless Access – Key Challenges
Data Tsunami is coming • Currently an exponential growth of mobile data is observed* • More advanced devices with more capabilities
(smartphones, tablets, etc), as well as increased importance of machine generated data result in increased traffic generation
• Multi-device ownership, resulting in synchronization of data between devices
• Mobile Social Networking and User Generated Contents
* The data amount is doubling annually resulting in 1000× increase in the current decade, for the individual devices this means performance will increase 100×
+
First 20 Quarters Since Launch
Note AOL subscribers data not available before CQ3:94; Netscape users limited to US only. Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010
Subscribers (MM)
Q1 Q3 Q5 Q7 Q9 Q11 Q13 Q15 Q17 Q19
20
40
60
80
100
0
Mobile Internet
Quarters Since Launch
Desktop Internet
It’s Happening Fast !
+
Global Mobile vs. Desktop Internet User Projection, 2007 – 2015E
Internet Users(MM)
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
0 2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E
Mobile Internet Users
Desktop Internet Users
Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010
The Trend is Irreversible
+
Annual global IP traffic will surpass the zettabyte threshold (1.4 zettabytes) by the
End of 2017
+
Global IP traffic has increased more than fourfold in the past 5 years, and will increase threefold over
the next 5 years.
+
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) will carry over half of Internet traffic in 2017.
+
Nearly half of all IP traffic will originate with non-PC devices by 2017
16%
PC
24%
TV
79%
Mobile Phones
82%
M2M
104%
Tablets
+
10GB Average'data'usage'per'month'
548GB Highest'user'consump4on'record''in'1'month'
600 Concurrent'users'per'site''
1,700TB Average'monthly'network'traffic'
Over 57% Rich'Media'ac4vi4es'on'P1’s'network'
Beyond Email. Beyond Voice
[SOURCE: Michael Lai Keynote Speech, WiMAX Forum SEA Regional Focus Conference 2010]
+
Traffic Equivalents* 1 Laptop= 15 Smartphones = 450 Voice Handsets
A Network Optimized for Mobile Voice Cannot Handle High Numbers of Mobile
Internet Users
[ Source: Cisco, 2009]
������������ �� ��� �� ������ �������� ������������� ������������� ��������� ��� ������
� ����� ������������������
KDDI Confirms LTE Migration Plan But Will Use WiMAX and WIFI too KDDI’s&President&and&Chairman,&Tadashi&
Onodera&stated&at&GSMA&Mobile&Asia&Congress&2010�&&
TeleGeography,Comms,Update,
Wed,,17,Nov,2010,
LTE will not be sufficient to cope with such huge data demands so we also need to use
other technologies such as WiMAX and WiFi
Mobile Data Crunch
+Smartphones Unleashed
+
20!
Cre
ate
High-Performance UMPC Laptop
Laptop DIGI-Cam
Car
ry &
Ed
it
TV
UMPC UMD
eBook
Navigation
Dual Mode Handset PMP UMPC
Navigation Modem
Vie
w
In-Car Entertainment
Gateway
MP3 Player
Palm Pocket
Game PMP
Fixed & In Vehicle
Briefcase Handbag Backpack
���������������������
Info
rmat
ion
Con
sum
er
Cre
ator
Device Ecosystem
+The Habits of Online Newspaper Readers
[http://online.wsj.com]
+User Interface Transformation
+What’s the Next UI?
Leap Motion Air Gesture
Moto-X Touchless Control
+
Driver #2
APPLICATIONS
Android Market
App Store
Blackberry App World
Ovi Store - Nokia
PlayNow Arena – Sony Ericsson
PocketGear App Store
Samsung App Store
Symbian Apps
Telus Mobility App Store
Verizon Media Store
Windows Marketplace
Mobile App Stores
+Data ARPU increase
Consumers increasingly want to access the same Internet content and services on their mobile phones that they can from fixed access/PCs
+
Social Media May 2011
+Impact of Facebook
+Impact of Twitter
+Impact of YouTube
800 Million+ Monthly Unique Visitors • That’s more than the entire population of
Europe!
72 Hours+ Video Uploaded Per Minute • That’s over a decade of content every day!
4 Billion Hours of Video Viewed Each Month • That’s over 450,000 years of video viewed each
month!
+The Social Media Effect
User Generated Contents
+The Social Currency
+ YouTube Phenomenon
1% Rule (Internet Culture)
One will create content, 10 will "interact" with it (commenting or offering improvements) and the other 89 will just view it.
90-9-1 Principle 1% of people create content, 9% edit or modify that content, and 90% view the content without contributing.
[Sysomos analyzed over 2.5 million YouTube videos that were embedded in blog posts between July and December 2009.]
Net Traffic Exponential Growth!
+
Driver #3
NETWORKS
+
Never Ending Battle for “Networks Superiority”
Which is More Superior?
+The Future is Heterogeneous
Spectrum
Deployment
Technology GSM, HSPA,
LTE, WiFi
Macro – Outdoor Micro / Pico - Indoor
3G WiFi LTE
+
Key Challenges
+
Source: Morgan Stanley Mobile Internet Report Dec ‘09
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
100
10
1
1000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Devices/Users
Mainframe
Minicomputer
PC
Desktop Internet
10B+ Connected
Devices +1B
+100M
+10M
+1M
Mobile Internet
Source: Rysavy Research Feb;10
Mobile Internet Capacity Gbytes
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Capacity,Demand,
Capacity,,Supply,
The Mobile Internet Creating New Challenges For Carriers
+Traffic Grows Explosively But Not the Revenue Mobile data traffic will increase 1000 times in 10 years
Profit per bit will continuously decrease in the future years
+
Disruptive Transformation
The Changing World of Mobile Internet
Bandwidth Applications
• Higher quality-of-experience
• Higher sessions and session rates
• New monetization models
“Pipe Provider” “Value-Added Provider”
+
To Design Wireless Network of The Future We Need to Understand the Traffic
Requirements
+Unbalanced Traffic Distribution
! Imbalance between the terminal type: in 2010, smart phone’s global penetration rate is 13%, while it contribute 78% traffic load from the mobile device
! Geographic imbalance: in 2009, more than 50% mobile service happened at home/office; while this percentage is 63% in China. Most of the data service happens in low mobility indoor and dense urban
! Monthly basic mobile phone data traffic ! Smartphone = 24 x phone ! Handheld Gaming Console = 60 x phone ! Tablet = 122 x phone ! Laptop = 515 x phone
+Information Access
! The “paperless society” will have a huge impact on
networks:
• media will be consumed in portable devices;
• daily commuters will need a lot of information on an
instantaneous basis.
+
Devices of Tomorrow are Wearable
Location Awareness
• Location based services are being introduced these days, upon user demand.
• The opposite way may be introduced, i.e., the environment being aware that the user is present.
+Internet of Things ! Today’s systems are based on a person being the end user
! Future systems must consider machine-to-machine (M2M) communications as being potentially more important
! Sensor networks are emerging as one of the “killer” network structures of the future.
“By 2020, You'll Own 50 Internet-Connected Devices”
+Power Consumption Plays an Important Role in OPEX
High CAPEX/OPEX of RAN result from BS equipment room
+Challenges and Requirements for Future
! Explosive growth of mobile data traffic
! Unbalanced DL and UL traffic
! Huge power consumption
! Spectrum Fragmentation
! Low-band spectrum used
! Higher data rate / Higher spectrum Efficiency
! Flexible adaptation of DL/UL traffic
! Better energy savings
! Efficient utilization of un-paired spectrum
! More usable spectrum
Challenges Requirements
+Key Requirements and Technology Directions to be Considered
! Significant gain in spectrum efficiency per area (bps/Hz/m2) with significant reduction in cost per bit (500 – 1000x traffic by 2020’s)
! Emerging solutions to deal with traffic explosion ! Traffic offloading
! Offloading strategies tuned to applications and scenarios
! Network density
! Technical trends such as multi-layer cell deployment
! Network architecture to reduce cost per bit
+Requirements from User Perspective
! Higher data rate and user-experienced throughput ! Data rate competitive to that of future wired networks
! Gbps-order everywhere
! Low latency for improving user experience
! Fairness of user throughput ! In a cell
! Improve cell-edge throughput
! Among cells
! Urban to rural
! Digital divide
! Among users
! Light-weight users impact from few heavy users
+Requirements from Operator Perspective
! Flexible, easy, and cost-efficient operation ! For diverse spectrum allocation
! Efficient utilization of higher/wider frequency bands
! For diverse environments and network nodes/devices with different types of backhauling
! Femto, Mesh, Relay, etc.
! For diverse types of services, user devices, and communication methodologies
! Thin client, Cloud, etc.
! Energy saving (Green) ! Reduction in joule per bit
! System robustness
+
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
• 1G: analogue systems from 1980s (e.g. NMT, AMPS, TACS, C-Netz)
• 2G: first digital systems of 1990s (e.g. GSM, CDMA One, PDC, D-AMPS)
• 3G: IMT-2000 family defined by ITU-R (e.g. UMTS, CDMA2000)
• 4G: fulfilling requirements of IMT-Advanced defined by ITU-R (e.g. LTE-A, WiMAX)
• 5G: ?
• too early to be a topic in standardization, further 4G enhancements expected before driven by requirements from customers & network operators restricted by spectrum limitations often influenced by new technologies/applications
Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems
+Evolution of Wireless Technologies
+
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
1999
Release 99
Release 5
Release 6
HSDPA
W-CDMA Release 4 LCR TDD
HSUPA, MBMS
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, etc.) Release 8 LTE
Release 9
Release 10
LTE enhancements
Release 12
ITU-R M.1457 IMT-2000 Recommendation
ITU-R M.2012 [IMT.RSPEC] IMT-Advanced Recommendation
3GPP work is structured in releases (REL) of 1-3 years duration
each release consists of several work
items (WI) and study items (SI)
even if a REL is completed corrections are possible later existing features of one REL can be
enhanced in a future REL
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
???
LTE-Advanced
Further LTE Release 11 enhancements
3GPP aligned to ITU-R IMT process 3GPP Releases evolve to meet:
• •
Future Requirements for IMT Future operator and end-user requirements
only main RAN WI listed
now 2013 2015
Release schedule & RAN features
+ • REL-9: mainly addition of LCS (Location service) & MBMS
(Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) & enhancement of others (e.g. SON, HeNB)
• Main motivation to introduce LTE-A in REL-10: • IMT-Advanced standardization process in ITU-R for 4G • Additional IMT spectrum band identified in WRC07
• LTE-Advanced (REL-10/11 ...) is an evolution of LTE (REL-8/9), i.e. LTE-Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE © 3GPP 2012
LTE Rel-8 cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
LTE-Advanced cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
An LTE-Advanced terminal can work in an LTE Rel-8 cell An LTE Rel-8 terminal can work
in an LTE-Advanced cell
LTE-Advanced contains all features of LTE Rel-8 & 9 and additional features for further evoluton
LTE target:: peak data rates: DL: 100Mbps UL: 50Mbps TS 25.913
LTE-A target:: peak data rates: DL: 1Gbps UL: 500Mbps TS 36.913
From LTE to LTE-Advanced
+
E-UTRA Operating band
Uplink (UL) Operating Band BS Receive UE Transmit
Downlink (DL) Operating Band BS Transmit UE Receive
Duplex Mode Channel Bandwidths
Approximate Center Frequency
1 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz
2110 MHz to 2170 MHz
FDD 5, 10, 15, 20 2100 MHz
2 1920 MHz to 1980 MHz
1930 MHz to 1990 MHz
FDD
1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20
1900 MHz
3 1710 MHz to 1785 MHz
1805 MHz to 1880 MHz
FDD
1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20
1800 MHz
4 1710 MHz to 1755 MHz
2110 MHz to 2155 MHz
FDD
1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20
1700 MHz
5 824 MHz to 849 MHz
869 MHz to 894 MHz
FDD
1, 4, 3, 5, 10 850 MHz
6 830 MHz to 840 MHz
875 MHz to 885 MHz
FDD
5, 10 850 MHz
7 2500 MHz to 2570 MHz
2620 MHz to 2690 MHz
FDD
5, 10, 15, 20 2600 MHz
8 to 44
Frequency Bands and Channel Bandwidths
Celcom (May 2013) Maxis (April 2013)
Celcom (April 2013) Maxis (Jan 2013) Digi (July 2013-Planned)
[Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA]
+Release 12
3GPP time plan for REL-12 (decided in TSG #56 in June 2012): • Start: Sept. 2012 (TSG #57) • Stage 1 (requirements) freeze: March 2013 (TSG #59) • Stage 2 (functional description) freeze: Dec. 2013 (TSG #62) • Stage 3 (all details) freeze: June 2013 (TSG #64)
RAN Workshop on REL-12 & onwards held in June 11-12, 2012 in LlublJana, Slovenia: • About 250 participants • 42 presentations (http://www.3gpp.org/3GPP-News) from leading network operators
and manufacturers • Scope:
• Requirements • Potential technologies • Technology roadmap for Release 12, 13 and afterwards
(Note: Workshop covered also UMTS but inly LTE is considered here)
+Requirements for RAN in REL-12 ! Capacity increase to cope with
traffic explosion
! Energy savings
! Cost efficiency
! Support for diverse application and traffic type
! Higher user experience/data rate
! Backhaul enhancement
! 2010 " 2020: 500x more smartphones %& tablets; most data traffic indoor
! Network operations/expanding costs, eNB/UE power consumption
! New apps, M2M interworking, public safety
! User expects higher data rate for similar costs
! Can become bottleneck with larger data traffic increase
Requirements Impact
+ Potential Technologies identified by REL-12 Workshop
! A great majority showed interest in Small Cell Enhancement for LTE. Technologies proposed by many members:
! Interference coordination / management
! Dynamic TDD
! Enhanced discovery / mobility
! Frequency separation between macro and small cells with higher
frequency band, e.g. 3.5 GHz band for the small cells
! Inter site CA / macro cell assisted small cells
! Allows flexible data rate increase via carrier aggregation
avoiding control signaling in small cells
! Wireless backhaul for small cell
+ Potential Technologies identified by REL-12 Workshop
! Very clear interest related to LTE Multi-Antenna/site technologies such as: ! 3D MIMO/beam-forming to allow beam control in both horizontal
and vertical directions
! New procedures and functionalities for LTE to support diverse traffic types proposed by many members:
! Control signaling reduction, etc. antenna array
+Summary
• Envisaged REL-12 topics (to be completed by June 14): • main topic: small cell enhancements cope with data traffic explosion
• further multi-antenna enhancements (3D MIMO, CoMP enhancements)
• D2D/public safety, offloading via Wifi, MTC will bring new aspects
• further enhancements of existing features (e.g. SON, MDT, CA)
• Future:
• further 4G enhancements expected before 5G (if 5G then led via ITU)
• driven by requirements from customers & network operators
• often triggered by availability of new spectrum and influenced by new technologies/applications and costs
+
THANK YOU EMAIL: mazlan@gmail.com TWITTER: mazlan_abbas FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/drmazlanabbas LINKEDIN: www.linkedin.com/in/mazlan/ SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/mazlan1 PINTEREST: www.pinterest.com/mazlan
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