kinetics of saponification of melon seed oilusing...

. . .

. KINETICS OF SAPONIFICATION OF MELON SEED ,

OILUSING'CAUSTICSODAIN A BATCH REACTOR

BY

ABUTU BENEDICT

2001/13852EH

A PROJECTSUBMITTED~O THE DEPARTMENT OF

CHEMICALENGINEERING,SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, FEDERAL

. UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE

" .. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENt OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF , .

ENGINEERING (B. ENG.) IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

. , .;

OCtOBER, 2006 .

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this thesis is'my original work and has never to

. y knowledge been submitted eisewhere.

'..Abutu Benedict Date

, .

I .

. .

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CERTIFICATION

is to certify that this project work was carried out by Abutu Benedict,

Number 2001113852EH, of the department of Chemical

Federal University of Technology, Minna.

Engr. U. G. Akpan .' Date

1 Project Supervisor

........ ~ .... " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . ............. ". ............ ..

Dr. M. O.Edoga Date '.1

Head of Department

..

.. .... .. .. e ....... e," .. .. ................................ ~. .. .. .. .. .... .

External Ex~iner Date

III

DEDICATION

project is dedicated to Almighty God and to the entire Abutu family.

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, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

, I' give God' the glory and honour for being my shield and strength

throughout the period of my course. I am most grateful to Him through

Christ for His precious and valuable gift of wisdom, knowledge and .

understanding.

I also express my special, thanks to my project supervisor, Engr. V.G.

I Akpan, for his time, encouragement and supervision for the success of this

work, 'he is an inspiration.

My appreciation also goes to the entire members of Chemical

Engineering Department for the love shown, the advice and the knowledge

, impaited on me during the course of my study. ': ,/ " ,I

" My profound gratitude to my parents, brothers and sisters for their

spiritual, moral and financial support throughout my course. May the Lord

continue to shower them with His infimte love.

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"

ABSTHACT

The kinetics of saponification of melon seed oil using caustic soda_ill a batch reactor has

been conducted. This was based on the reaction of melon seed oil with different

. 1':,,,.

concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 700 e and 800 e reaction temperatures.

Titrimetric method was used to determine conversion. The kinetic data obtained for the

reactions were used to test for the order of the reaction. Specific rate orders were

employed in the test, hence integrated forms of the first and second order equilibrium

saponification rate equations were tested. A curve, instead of a straight line was obtained

for the first order rate equation, indicating that it was not the best rate equation for the

reaction. The second order equilibrium plot, on the other hand, gave a straight line from

the origin, indicating it is the best fit for the saponification process. Therefore, the rate

and equilibrium constants for the respective reactions were evaluated. The rate constants

for the forward and reversible reactions kJ and k2, at 7Coe and at NaOH concentration of

O.2M, 0.3M, O.4M and 0.5M were for kl; 0.05, 0.0368, 0.0323, and 0.159dm3morlmin- 1

respecitvely, and for k2; 0.0125, 0.0092, 0.00769 and 0.0053 dm3mor1min-1 respectively.

At 80 0 e kl was 0.0788, 0.0788, 0.0578, 0.0469 and 0.0529dm3mor 1min· 1 respectively,

and k2; 0.0263, 0.0222, 0.0156 and 0.0171dm3mor1min-1 respectively. The equilibrium

constant was 4 and 3 for the reaction temperatures of 700 e and 800 e respectively.

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