kinetics of saponification of melon seed oilusing...
TRANSCRIPT
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. KINETICS OF SAPONIFICATION OF MELON SEED ,
OILUSING'CAUSTICSODAIN A BATCH REACTOR
BY
ABUTU BENEDICT
2001/13852EH
A PROJECTSUBMITTED~O THE DEPARTMENT OF
CHEMICALENGINEERING,SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, FEDERAL
. UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE
" .. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENt OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF , .
ENGINEERING (B. ENG.) IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
. , .;
OCtOBER, 2006 .
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this thesis is'my original work and has never to
. y knowledge been submitted eisewhere.
'..Abutu Benedict Date
, .
I .
. .
11
CERTIFICATION
is to certify that this project work was carried out by Abutu Benedict,
Number 2001113852EH, of the department of Chemical
Federal University of Technology, Minna.
Engr. U. G. Akpan .' Date
1 Project Supervisor
........ ~ .... " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . ............. ". ............ ..
Dr. M. O.Edoga Date '.1
Head of Department
..
.. .... .. .. e ....... e," .. .. ................................ ~. .. .. .. .. .... .
External Ex~iner Date
III
, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
, I' give God' the glory and honour for being my shield and strength
throughout the period of my course. I am most grateful to Him through
Christ for His precious and valuable gift of wisdom, knowledge and .
understanding.
I also express my special, thanks to my project supervisor, Engr. V.G.
I Akpan, for his time, encouragement and supervision for the success of this
work, 'he is an inspiration.
My appreciation also goes to the entire members of Chemical
Engineering Department for the love shown, the advice and the knowledge
, impaited on me during the course of my study. ': ,/ " ,I
" My profound gratitude to my parents, brothers and sisters for their
spiritual, moral and financial support throughout my course. May the Lord
continue to shower them with His infimte love.
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"
ABSTHACT
The kinetics of saponification of melon seed oil using caustic soda_ill a batch reactor has
been conducted. This was based on the reaction of melon seed oil with different
. 1':,,,.
concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 700 e and 800 e reaction temperatures.
Titrimetric method was used to determine conversion. The kinetic data obtained for the
reactions were used to test for the order of the reaction. Specific rate orders were
employed in the test, hence integrated forms of the first and second order equilibrium
saponification rate equations were tested. A curve, instead of a straight line was obtained
for the first order rate equation, indicating that it was not the best rate equation for the
reaction. The second order equilibrium plot, on the other hand, gave a straight line from
the origin, indicating it is the best fit for the saponification process. Therefore, the rate
and equilibrium constants for the respective reactions were evaluated. The rate constants
for the forward and reversible reactions kJ and k2, at 7Coe and at NaOH concentration of
O.2M, 0.3M, O.4M and 0.5M were for kl; 0.05, 0.0368, 0.0323, and 0.159dm3morlmin- 1
respecitvely, and for k2; 0.0125, 0.0092, 0.00769 and 0.0053 dm3mor1min-1 respectively.
At 80 0 e kl was 0.0788, 0.0788, 0.0578, 0.0469 and 0.0529dm3mor 1min· 1 respectively,
and k2; 0.0263, 0.0222, 0.0156 and 0.0171dm3mor1min-1 respectively. The equilibrium
constant was 4 and 3 for the reaction temperatures of 700 e and 800 e respectively.
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