judaism. -- map of israel -- abraham (1743 bc) founded judaism made “ covenant ” with god ...
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JUDAISM
-- MAP OF ISRAEL --
Abraham (1743 BC)founded Judaismmade “covenant” with God
make Israel a great nation in exchange for remaining faithful
viewed as “Chosen People”‘Patriarchs of Judaism”
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Jacob’s 12 sons
JUDAISM
YAHWEH = GODNATURE OF YAHWEHis ONE, CREATOR, INCORPOREAL, OMNIPRESENT, OMNIPOTENT,
OMNISCIENT, ETERNAL, JUST and MERCIFUL, PERFECT, FATHER and KING
God is above naturePolytheistic religions felt their gods represented nature
Proof is not needed of God’s existence – existence of universe is proof enough
JUDAISM
Yahweh focused on:demanded “Ethical” behavior
Righteous livingBeing dutifulimprove the “here and now”
Torahcontained Instructions for living a correct life
“hitting the mark”Sin = “missing the mark”
JUDAISM
1600’s BC Drought/famine forced to move to Egypt
Jews became slaves to Egyptians1200’s BC MOSES called to lead Hebrews out of Egypt
“Burning Bush”10 Plagues against Egypt
oRamses II – Egyptian Pharaohoeach against a different Egyptian god
proving God’s powero”Passover”
”Exodus” oparting of Red Sea
JEWISH HISTORY
Ten CommandmentsoMt. Sinaiorenewed covenant with YahwehoARK OF THE COVENANT
40 years in desert oMoses died…Joshua took Jews into the “Promise Land”
JEWISH HISTORY
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL879 BC - SAUL – 1ST King877 BC - DAVID – king
(killed Goliath)United 12 Tribes of IsraelJerusalem became capital
836 BC - SOLOMON – king (wisest man)height of Israel’s powerhigh taxes / forced labor 825 BC - built 1st TEMPLE
Yahweh found in Templesacrifice
Jewish History
1st Temple
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL
After death of Solomon – Israel weakened, divided, and was conquered
North = Israel
South = Judah
Jewish History
722 BC
Assyrians destroyed Israel
586 BCNEBUCHADNEZZAR conquered Judah // destroyed
Temple
“Diaspora” – Jews fled to avoid persecution
”Babylonian Captivity”
Talmud written to preserve correct teachings
fear of losing teachings of Judaism
Jewish History
HAS GOD BEEN DEFEATED?
IS HE GONE?
Jewish History
NO!!Prophet EZEKIEL
said God is to be
found everywhere
331 BC -- Alexander the Great
tolerated religions
spread “Hellenistic Culture”
Synagogues developed
“House of Prayer”
a)copy of Torah
b)10 adult males
Jewish History
63 BC
Rome conquered IsraelRome would allow Judaism:
1)Paid taxes to Rome
2)Caused no problems
70 AD Rome destroyed 2nd Temple
Jewish History
• TANAKH - Jewish Bible• TORAH - written law
• 613 commandments (Mt. Sinai)• “to hit the mark”
• PENTATUCH -- 1st 5 books • TALMUD - oral law
• written to preserve Judaism during attacks• interpretation, explanation, application of written
Torah• HALAKAH – name for ALL Jewish law (Torah and Talmud)
JEWISH TEXTS
JEWISH SECTSPHARISEES •Largest Jewish Sect
•Opposed Greek influence•Accepted Torah and Prophets•Strict interpretation of Torah
SADDUCEES •Wealthy and powerful•Okay with Greek Influence•Accepted Torah, but NOT Prophets•Did not believe in Angels and Afterlife•Enemies of Pharisees
ZEALOTS •“Jewish Terrorists”•Willing to fight against Roman control
Jewish SymbolsMENORAH STAR OF
DAVIDYARMULKE
•Symbol of Israel•Mission to be the “light unto the nations”
•Newer symbol•Top points to God•Intertwining makes triangles inseparable
•Kippah (Hebrew)•Reminder of God being above them• servants to God
JEWISH HOLY DAYSSHABBAT YOM
KIPPURROSH
HASHANAPASSOVER
•Most important – only observance in 10 Commandments•Friday Sundown to Saturday Sundown
•“Day of atonement”•Ask forgiveness from God•Only time High Priest could enter “Holy of Holies”
•Jewish New Year•time to look back at the mistakes of the past year and make changes for the new year
•Remembrance of God’s “passing” over the homes of the Jews and delivering them safely from Egypt
JEWISH LIFEKOSHER no mixing of dairy and meat; no pork products; no shell fish
BAR / BAT MITZVAH (“son / daughter of the
commandment”) • boys = 13 //// girls = 12• obligated to observe the commandments (613)
• marks the right to take part in leading religious services, to count in a minyan (minimum # needed to perform certain parts of religious services)
• ceremonies are not required, but common
How is Judaism related to
Christianity?• Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of
Christianity, but is not a part of it • Jews do not believe in “New Testament”• Jesus was Jewish, but Jews do not believe Jesus was
anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago
• Did not feel Jesus was the “Messiah”– Jews felt the “Jewish Messiah” would not be divine– Jews felt he would be a political figure who restored the
power of Israel and brought peace to Earth
JUDAISMOLAM HA - BA “The World to Come”
Jews believe that there is a world to come in which the Messiah will reign, a world in which
the Jewish temple will be rebuilt and the nation of Israel will be fully restored, instituting a world order of justice and compassion. A
“Messianic Age.”
The Wailing Wall
Anti-SemitismAdolf Hitlersuperiority of German Aryan raceblamed Jews for Germany’s loss in WWI”survival of strongest”eliminate origins of God and morality”Final Solution” = HOLOCAUST
6,000,000
1948creation of a new IsraelZionismIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict
JUDAISM
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