human impact on the biosphere chapter 6-4 charting a course for the future

HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE

Chapter 6-4

Charting a course for the Future

http://www.claybennett.com/pages2/mistletoe.html

HUMAN ACTIVITIESHumans participate in

__________ & ____________________

We depend on ecosystems for a variety of _____________________________

Food webs Biogeochemical cycles

http://www.brevardcounty.us/mrrp/images/misc/boat_cartoon.jpg

“ GOODS and SERVICES”

“GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems

____________________

____________________

____________________

____________________

Solar energy

Oxygen production

Nutrient storage and recycling

Climate regulation

For image sources: see last slide

____________________

____________________

____________________

___________________

“GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems

Food production

Habitats for wildlife

Human and industrial wastedetoxification

Images from:

Natural pest / disease control

____________________

____________________

____________________

“GOODS & SERVICES”provided by ecosystems

Source of new medicines

Soil erosion /runoff management

Air and water purification

WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

The sum total of all the variety of organisms in the biosphere = _____________

REMEMBER!

Everything is connected.

BIODIVERSITY is a measure

of the health of an ecosystem.

BIODIVERSITY

Image from: Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall ©2006

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

ACID RAIN

http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg

OZONE DEPLETION

DEAD ZONES

GLOBAL WARMING

DEAD ZONES

When an ecosystem receives a LARGE inputof limiting nutrient (ie., fertilizer runoff) thepopulation increases dramatically = ___________

REMEMBER !

ALGAL BLOOM

Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone

http://www.ncat.org/nutrients/hypoxia/hypoxia.html

The DEADZONE forms each April, generally grows throughout the summer, reaching a peak in late July.

Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone

At its peak, the nearly lifeless water can span 5,000 to 8,000-plus square miles, an area almost the size of New Jersey

http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/deadzone/index.html

DEAD ZONESHow do we HELP?

Use modern technology and “green” farming methods to:

•Decrease agricultural fertilizer use

• Decrease runoff of agricultural waste

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

ACID RAIN

http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg

GLOBAL WARMING

DEAD ZONES

OZONE DEPLETION

Our atmosphere between

20-50 km contains

high concentrations

of ____________

which protect us from

the sun’s harmful

______________ radiation.

OZONE LAYER

ultra-violet

http://pubweb.bnl.gov/users/xujun/www/bnl/ozone_layer_1.gif

OZONE (O3)

http://www.planetguide.net/book/chapter_5/ozone_layer.html

EFFECTS OF UV RADIATION

Click here to see a movie about the effects of UV radiation

WMV, 618K

__________________________________

__________________________________

__________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

Skin cancer

Cataracts/blindness

Premature aging of skin

Reduced crop yield

Disruptions in the marine food chain

WHAT WE KNOW

Scientists have been

monitoring the ____________

of ozone in our atmosphere

and have discovered

a hole in the ozone layer

over ____________.

depletion

Antarctica

http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html

Click here to see a movie about the ozone hole

WMV, 616K

The annual ozone "hole“ over Antarctica hasoccurred during the Antarctic Spring (October)since the early 1980s.

Rather than being an actual hole through the layer, the ozone hole is a large area with extremely low amounts of ozone. Ozone levels fall by over 60% during the worst years.

http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html

Ozone depletion is a global issue NOTjust a problem at the South Pole.

Research has shown that ozone depletionalso occurs over North America, Europe,Asia, and much of Africa, Australia, andSouth America.

Over the U.S., ozone levels have fallen 5-10%, depending on the season.

http://home.casema.nl/daveduijn/globe2.gif

What’s the cause of Ozone Depletion?

Chlorofluorocarbon

molecules _______

released from

air conditioners,

aerosol spray cans,

fire extinguishers,

and industry

________________destroy ozone

http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part3.html

(CFC’s)

HOW DO WE HELP?

1987- the _______________________ committed signing nations (including USA) to a ____________ in the use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances.

CFC production was banned after 1995 in the developed countries, and later in developing countries. Today, over 180 countries have ratified the treaty.

OZONE DEPLETION

MONTREAL PROTOCOL

REDUCTION

_____________spray cans no longer contain CFC propellants.

Gases in ___________________and _____________ are collected and recycled.

THAT’S WHY . . .AEROSOL

AIR CONDITIONERS

http://www.roundrocktexas.gov/images/spray_cans_large.jpg

refrigerators

OZONE DEPLETIONHow do we help?

We can't make enough ozone to replace what's been destroyed, but provided that we stop producing ozone-depleting substances, computer models predict natural ozone production reactions should return the ozone layer to normal levels by about 2050.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

ACID RAIN

http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg

GLOBAL WARMING

DEAD ZONES

OZONE DEPLETION

Emissions to AtmosphereNitrogen oxidesSulfur dioxide

Chemical TransformationNitric acid

Sulfuric acid

PrecipitationAcid rain, fog,snow, and mist

Dry Fallout

Condensation

particulates, gases

Industry Transportation Ore smelting Power generation

Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain

What’s the cause?________________________BURNING FOSSIL FUELS

Releases _______________ and ________________ into the atmosphere that react with water toproduce ACID RAIN.

Sulfur oxidesNitrogen oxides

ACID RAIN EFFECTS• kills fish• reduces biodiversity• damages forests• causes illness & premature death

from heart & lung disorders like asthma and bronchitis

HOW DO WE HELP?Develop a National energy policy that emphasizes use of alternative renewable energy sources

Cut down on activities that use fossil fuelsconserve electricitydrive less

Drive automobiles with increased fuel efficiency OR run on alternative fuels

GLOBAL WARMING

Recycle (uses less energy than starting from scratch)

GREENHOUSE EFFECTTemperatures of Earth remain within a range

______________ because the _____________

acts as a natural _________________ blanket.

atmosphere

http://wwwstatic.bayareawritingproject.org/images/bawp41/earthAtmosphereIMG.gif

suitable for life

insulating

GREENHOUSE EFFECTAtmospheric gases such as

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

NORMALLY trap heat

energy from the sun

like a greenhouse

= _____________________

Carbon dioxide (CO2 )

http://www.acmecompany.com/stock_thumbnails/13808.greenhouse_effect_2.jpg

Greenhouse effect

methane water vaporCFC’s

GLOBAL WARMING- Is it real?

Some people say that the Earth hascycles of warmer/cooler climate change and that this is just part of that cycle.

Most scientists believe that the increase inglobal temperatures is the result of humanactivities that have increased the amount ofCO2 and other greenhouse gases in theatmosphere

In 2007 in Paris, a U.N.- backed panel of international scientists issued a major announcement on climate change stating that:

1. "warming of the climate system

is unequivocal“2. There is a 90% probability the cause “man- made”.

Either way… our planet is getting warmer!

Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century.

The 20th century's ten warmest years have occurred in the last 15 years of this century.

FACTS WE KNOW

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/8/87/280px-Instrumental_Temperature_Record.png

The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased.

FACTS WE KNOW

Graph & glacier pix: http://nsidc.org/sotc/glacier_balance.html polar bears: http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=35720&in_page_id=34

FACTS WE KNOW

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have

increased steadily.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Major_greenhouse_gas_trends.png

WHAT’S the CAUSE? • burning solid waste, fossil fuels

(oil, natural gas, and coal), wood and wood products

• production and transport of fossil fuels

•decomposition of organic wastes in landfills

• raising of livestock

GLOBAL WARMING

We’re freezing here in S.D.!

What’s so bad about warming up a little?

What’s so bad about warming up a little?

Coastal flooding

Cartoon from Brookings Register

http://healthandenergy.com/images/global2.gif

What’s so bad about warming up a little?

http://zfacts.com/metaPage/lib/Atlantic_conveyor.jpg

Changes in Gulf Stream

http://www.claybennett.com/pages/ocean_temps.html

What’s so bad about warming up a little?

More severe stormshttp://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2005/WEATHER/08/25/tropical.storm/story.katrina.915p.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina

What’s so bad about warming up a little?

Weather extremes

Brookings Register

http://www.cactus-art.biz/note-book/Dictionary/aaa_Dictionary_pictures/drought.jpg

Heat waves and drought

What’s so bad about warming up a little?

Changing habitats meansloss of species

http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=35720&in_page_id=34

What’s the Kyoto Accord got to do with it?

The Kyoto Accord is an agreement, aimed at

reducing global warming that asks participants

to __________ their ________________

emissions to a percentage of their 1990

emission levels _____________.

REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS

by 2012

PROBLEMS WITH the KYOTO ACCORD

(The US has not ratified this agreement)

In 1998-Clinton administration signs the Kyoto Accord committing the United States to a 7% reduction in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 emissions levels, to be achieved between the years 2008 and 2012.

2001- Bush administration withdrew the U.S. signature, claiming that the treaty was "fatally flawed". 

160 nations have now agreed (not US)

PROBLEMS WITH the KYOTO ACCORD

ALL countries not required to reduce emissions equally7% for the US, 6% for Japan, 0% for Russia,

Developing nations don’t have to reduce emissions at allIndia and China, which have ratified the protocol, are not required to reduce carbon emissions under the present agreement despite their relatively large populations.

Developed nations (like USA) can meet required reductions bypurchasing emission reductions from elsewhere and fundingdeveloping countries for climate related studies, projects, andtechnology

Even if we don’t ratify the Kyoto agreement . . we can still work to reduce our emissions of global warming gases!

BECAUSE THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!

THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!

http://www.inkcinct.com.au/Web/CARTOONS/2005/2005-379C--last-fossil-fuel.gif

THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!

http://healthandenergy.com/global_warming_cartoons.htm

THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!

Brookings Register

THINGS WE DO TO “FIX GLOBAL WARMING” make sense anyway!

Brookings Register

HOW DO WE HELP?

Cut down on CO2 emissions (with or without the Kyoto accord)

Develop a National energy policy that emphasizes use of alternative renewable energy sources

Cut down on activities that use fossil fuelsconserve electricitydrive less

Drive automobiles with increased fuel efficiency OR run on alternative fuels

GLOBAL WARMING

Recycle (uses less energy than starting from scratch)

Reduce deforestation (plants use CO2)

QUOTES

This we know... the earth does not belong to man,man belongs to earth. All things are connected,like the blood which connects one family.

Whatever befalls the earth befalls the children ofthe earth. Man did not weave the web of life –he is merely a strand in it.  Whatever he does tothe web, he does to himself.

~ Chief Seattle, 1854

QUOTESIf you want to see an endangered species, get

up and look in the mirror.~  John Young, former Apollo

astronaut

A true conservationist is a man who knows that the world is not given by his fathers,but borrowed from his children.

~ John James Audubon, 1785 - 1851

It's not easy being green.~  Kermit the Frog

WE NEED TO START CONSIDERING THE EFFECTS ON OUR PLANET WHEN WE MAKE DECISIONS!

http://www.claybennett.com/pages/earth_d5.html

SOURCES

http://www.romanviii.co.uk/bp/nhpage.asp?pcat=about_us

http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm

http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/02/06/images/2006020601090301.jpg

SOURCES

http://www.oldetimecooking.com/Images/Fruits/Apple.jpg

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/classifyall/eukaryotic.html

http://dustconnection.com/images/stories/cleaning_bucket_sm.jpg

POWER POINT BY K. RIEDELL

• ADAPTED FOR MISSISSIPPI STATE SCIENCE FRAMEWORK