how to make cities "smarter"?

How to make cities “smarter”?

1

Dr Payam BarnaghiInstitute for Communication Systems (ICS)/5G Innovation Centre University of SurreyGuildford, United Kingdom

UKTI Workshop at Mobile World Congress 2016

“A hundred years hence people will be so avid of every moment of life, life will be so full of busy delight, that time-saving inventions will be at a huge premium…”

“…It is not because we shall be hurried in nerve-shattering anxiety, but because we shall value at its true worth the refining and restful influence of leisure, that we shall be impatient of the minor tasks of every day….”

The March 26, 1906, New Zealand Star :

Source: http://paleofuture.com

3P. Barnaghi et al., "Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment", IET Sector Technical Briefing, The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), I. Borthwick (editor), March 2015.

Apollo 11 Command Module (1965) had 64 kilobytes of memory operated at 0.043MHz.

An iPhone 5s has a CPU running at speeds of up to 1.3GHzand has 512MB to 1GB of memoryCray-1 (1975) produced 80 million Floating point operations per second (FLOPS)10 years later, Cray-2 produced 1.9G FLOPS

An iPhone 5s produces 76.8 GFLOPS – nearly a thousand times more

Cray-2 used 200-kilowatt power

Source: Nick T., PhoneArena.com, 2014image source: http://blog.opower.com/

Smart City

“A smart city uses digital technologies or information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.” [Wikipedia]

5

Is this a good definition?

Cities of the future

6http://www.globalnerdy.com/2007/08/28/home-electronics-of-the-future-as-predicted-28-years-ago/

7Source: BBC News

Source: The dailymail, http://helenography.net/, http://edwud.com/

What are smart cities?

9

“An ecosystem of systems enabled by the Internet of Things and information communication technologies.”

“People, resources, and information coming together, operating in an ad-hoc and/or coordinated way to improve city operations and everyday activities.”

What does makes smart cities “smart”?

Smart Citizens (more informed and more in control)

Smart Governance (better services and informed decisions)

Smart Environment

Providing more equality and wider reach

Context-aware and situation-aware services

Cost efficacy and supporting innovation

What does makes smart cities “smart”?

How do cities get smarter?

How do cities get smarter?

13

Continuous (near-) real-time sensing/monitoringand data collection

Linked/integrated data and linked/integrated services

Real-time intelligence and actionable-informationfor different situations/services

Smart interaction and actuation

Creating awareness and effective participation

How can technology help to make cities smarter?

The role of data

15Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of data driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications, http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm

16

“The ultimate goal is transforming the raw data to insights and actionable information and/or creating effective representation forms for machines and also human users, and providing automated services.”

This usually requires data from multiple sources, (near-) real time analytics and visualisation and/or semantic representations.

What type of problems we expect to solve using the IoT and data analytics solutions?

18Source LAT Times, http://documents.latimes.com/la-2013/

A smart City exampleFuture cities: A view from 1998

19Source: http://robertluisrabello.com/denial/traffic-in-la/#gallery[default]/0/

Source: wikipedia

Back to the Future: 2013

Common problems

20

Guildford, Surrey

21

Applications and potentials

− Analysis of thousands of traffic, pollution, weather, congestion, public transport, waste and event sensory data to provide better transport and city management.

− Converting smart meter readings to information that can help prediction and balance of power consumption in a city.

− Monitoring elderly homes, personal and public healthcare applications.

− Event and incident analysis and prediction using (near) real-time data collected by citizen and device sensors.

− Turning social media data (e.g. Tweets) related to city issues into event and sentiment analysis.

− Any many more…

22

EU FP7 CityPulse Project

23

Designing for real world problems

101 Smart City scenarios

25http://www.ict-citypulse.eu/scenarios/

Dr Mirko PresserAlexandra Institute Denmark

26

Event Visualisation

CityPulse demo

27

Real world data

28

Extracting traffic events from social media

29In collaboration with Wright State University

Extracting city events

30

City Infrastructure

Yes it is police @hasselager … there directing traffic

CRF-based NER Tagging

Multi-view EventExtraction

Loc. Est. = “hasselager, aarhus”

Temp. Est. = “2015-2-19 21:07:17”

Level = 2

Event = Traffic

OSM Loc. CrimeTrans

p.

City Event Extraction

CNN POS+NER Event term extraction

Cultural

Social

Enviro. Sport Heal

th

Data

Transp.

Yes <O> it <O> is <O> police <B-CRIME> @hasselager <B-LOCATION>… <O> there <O> directing <O> traffic <B-TRAFFIC>

Yes <S-NP/O> it <S-NP/O> is <S-VP/O> police <S-NP/O> @hasselager <S-LOC> ... <O/O> there <S-NP/O> directing <S-VP/O> traffic <S-NP/O>

Nazli FarajiDavar, Payam Barnaghi, "A Deep Multi-View Learning Framework for City Event Extraction from Twitter Data Streams", submitted to ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), Nov. 2015.

Extracting city events

31

http://iot.ee.surrey.ac.uk/citypulse-social/

Nazli FarajiDavar, Payam Barnaghi, "A Deep Multi-View Learning Framework for City Event Extraction from Twitter Data Streams", submitted to ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), Nov. 2015.

Accumulated and connected knowledge?

32Image courtesy: IEEE Spectrum

Users in control or losing control?

33

Image source: Julian Walker, Flicker

Health and Safety Monitoring and Alert

Privacy

Security

Tru

st

De

pe

nd

ab

ilit

y

Gateway

Gateway

Data Analytics Engine

IoT Test Bed Cloud

External NHS, GP IT systems

Possible links toOther Test Beds

HyperCat

Gateway

HyperCat

HyperCat

HyperCat

Data-driven and patient centered Healthcare Applications

NHS - IoT Test-bed for healthcare

In conclusion

− Smart cities are made of informed citizens, smart environments and informed and intelligent decision making and governance.

− Smart cities should promote innovation, equality and wider reach of services to all citizens.

− IoT plays a key role in making cities smarter; openness of data and interconnection and interoperability between different data sources and services is a key requirement.

− Technology alone won’t make cities smart.

35

IET sector briefing report

36

Available at: http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm

37

Useful information:

http://www.raeng.org.uk/publications/reports/connecting-data-driving-productivity

Other challenges and topics that I didn't talk about

Security

Privacy

Trust, resilience and reliability

Noise and incomplete data

Cloud and distributed computing

Networks, test-beds and mobility

Mobile computing

Applications and use-case scenarios

38

Q&A

− Thank you.

http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/

@pbarnaghi

p.barnaghi@surrey.ac.uk

http://iot.ee.surrey.ac.uk

Acknowledgement: CityPulse Consortium http://www.ict-citypulse.eu