how to make cities "smarter"?
TRANSCRIPT
How to make cities “smarter”?
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Dr Payam BarnaghiInstitute for Communication Systems (ICS)/5G Innovation Centre University of SurreyGuildford, United Kingdom
UKTI Workshop at Mobile World Congress 2016
“A hundred years hence people will be so avid of every moment of life, life will be so full of busy delight, that time-saving inventions will be at a huge premium…”
“…It is not because we shall be hurried in nerve-shattering anxiety, but because we shall value at its true worth the refining and restful influence of leisure, that we shall be impatient of the minor tasks of every day….”
The March 26, 1906, New Zealand Star :
Source: http://paleofuture.com
3P. Barnaghi et al., "Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment", IET Sector Technical Briefing, The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), I. Borthwick (editor), March 2015.
Apollo 11 Command Module (1965) had 64 kilobytes of memory operated at 0.043MHz.
An iPhone 5s has a CPU running at speeds of up to 1.3GHzand has 512MB to 1GB of memoryCray-1 (1975) produced 80 million Floating point operations per second (FLOPS)10 years later, Cray-2 produced 1.9G FLOPS
An iPhone 5s produces 76.8 GFLOPS – nearly a thousand times more
Cray-2 used 200-kilowatt power
Source: Nick T., PhoneArena.com, 2014image source: http://blog.opower.com/
Smart City
“A smart city uses digital technologies or information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance quality and performance of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.” [Wikipedia]
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Is this a good definition?
Cities of the future
6http://www.globalnerdy.com/2007/08/28/home-electronics-of-the-future-as-predicted-28-years-ago/
7Source: BBC News
Source: The dailymail, http://helenography.net/, http://edwud.com/
What are smart cities?
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“An ecosystem of systems enabled by the Internet of Things and information communication technologies.”
“People, resources, and information coming together, operating in an ad-hoc and/or coordinated way to improve city operations and everyday activities.”
What does makes smart cities “smart”?
Smart Citizens (more informed and more in control)
Smart Governance (better services and informed decisions)
Smart Environment
Providing more equality and wider reach
Context-aware and situation-aware services
Cost efficacy and supporting innovation
What does makes smart cities “smart”?
How do cities get smarter?
How do cities get smarter?
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Continuous (near-) real-time sensing/monitoringand data collection
Linked/integrated data and linked/integrated services
Real-time intelligence and actionable-informationfor different situations/services
Smart interaction and actuation
Creating awareness and effective participation
How can technology help to make cities smarter?
The role of data
15Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of data driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications, http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm
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“The ultimate goal is transforming the raw data to insights and actionable information and/or creating effective representation forms for machines and also human users, and providing automated services.”
This usually requires data from multiple sources, (near-) real time analytics and visualisation and/or semantic representations.
What type of problems we expect to solve using the IoT and data analytics solutions?
18Source LAT Times, http://documents.latimes.com/la-2013/
A smart City exampleFuture cities: A view from 1998
19Source: http://robertluisrabello.com/denial/traffic-in-la/#gallery[default]/0/
Source: wikipedia
Back to the Future: 2013
Common problems
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Guildford, Surrey
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Applications and potentials
− Analysis of thousands of traffic, pollution, weather, congestion, public transport, waste and event sensory data to provide better transport and city management.
− Converting smart meter readings to information that can help prediction and balance of power consumption in a city.
− Monitoring elderly homes, personal and public healthcare applications.
− Event and incident analysis and prediction using (near) real-time data collected by citizen and device sensors.
− Turning social media data (e.g. Tweets) related to city issues into event and sentiment analysis.
− Any many more…
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EU FP7 CityPulse Project
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Designing for real world problems
101 Smart City scenarios
25http://www.ict-citypulse.eu/scenarios/
Dr Mirko PresserAlexandra Institute Denmark
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Event Visualisation
CityPulse demo
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Real world data
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Extracting traffic events from social media
29In collaboration with Wright State University
Extracting city events
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City Infrastructure
Yes it is police @hasselager … there directing traffic
CRF-based NER Tagging
Multi-view EventExtraction
Loc. Est. = “hasselager, aarhus”
Temp. Est. = “2015-2-19 21:07:17”
Level = 2
Event = Traffic
OSM Loc. CrimeTrans
p.
City Event Extraction
CNN POS+NER Event term extraction
Cultural
Social
Enviro. Sport Heal
th
Data
Transp.
Yes <O> it <O> is <O> police <B-CRIME> @hasselager <B-LOCATION>… <O> there <O> directing <O> traffic <B-TRAFFIC>
Yes <S-NP/O> it <S-NP/O> is <S-VP/O> police <S-NP/O> @hasselager <S-LOC> ... <O/O> there <S-NP/O> directing <S-VP/O> traffic <S-NP/O>
Nazli FarajiDavar, Payam Barnaghi, "A Deep Multi-View Learning Framework for City Event Extraction from Twitter Data Streams", submitted to ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), Nov. 2015.
Extracting city events
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http://iot.ee.surrey.ac.uk/citypulse-social/
Nazli FarajiDavar, Payam Barnaghi, "A Deep Multi-View Learning Framework for City Event Extraction from Twitter Data Streams", submitted to ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST), Nov. 2015.
Accumulated and connected knowledge?
32Image courtesy: IEEE Spectrum
Users in control or losing control?
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Image source: Julian Walker, Flicker
Health and Safety Monitoring and Alert
Privacy
Security
Tru
st
De
pe
nd
ab
ilit
y
Gateway
Gateway
Data Analytics Engine
IoT Test Bed Cloud
External NHS, GP IT systems
Possible links toOther Test Beds
HyperCat
Gateway
HyperCat
HyperCat
HyperCat
Data-driven and patient centered Healthcare Applications
NHS - IoT Test-bed for healthcare
In conclusion
− Smart cities are made of informed citizens, smart environments and informed and intelligent decision making and governance.
− Smart cities should promote innovation, equality and wider reach of services to all citizens.
− IoT plays a key role in making cities smarter; openness of data and interconnection and interoperability between different data sources and services is a key requirement.
− Technology alone won’t make cities smart.
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IET sector briefing report
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Available at: http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm
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Useful information:
http://www.raeng.org.uk/publications/reports/connecting-data-driving-productivity
Other challenges and topics that I didn't talk about
Security
Privacy
Trust, resilience and reliability
Noise and incomplete data
Cloud and distributed computing
Networks, test-beds and mobility
Mobile computing
Applications and use-case scenarios
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Q&A
− Thank you.
http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/
@pbarnaghi
http://iot.ee.surrey.ac.uk
Acknowledgement: CityPulse Consortium http://www.ict-citypulse.eu