histology muscle / membranes / disease lambert anatomy and phys
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Histology Muscle / Membranes /
DiseaseLambert
Anatomy and Phys.
VII. Muscle (3rd type tissue)• General Function:
– Movement, generate heat
3 types muscle tissue
1. Skeletal
2. Smooth (visceral)
3. Cardiac
1. Skeletal muscle:Aka: voluntary, striatedStructure: multinucleated, striatedFunction: movement, generate heatLocation: muscular system
2. Smooth (visceral)involuntaryStructure: tapered cell, no striationslocation: walls of hollow organs, stomach, intestines, blood vessels, hair follicle
Function: pump blood throughout body, works in conjunction with nervous and respiratory systems
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Skeletal tissue
• Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac:
involuntary striated
Structure: cardiocytes, intercalated discs (connect each cardiocyte to each other so heart beats as one unit)
Function: pump blood throughout body, works in conjunction with nervous and respiratory systems
• Cardiac tissue
VII. Nervous Tissue• Nervous system consists of :
– Brain– Spinal cord– nerves
• Function: regulate and integrate activities of body
• 2 types of nerves1. Neurons : conducting cells
2. Neuroglia : supports neurons
Neuron structure:
soma = cell body, contains organelles
axon - carries signal away from cell body
dendrite- carries singnal toward cell body
• Neuron
IX. Body Membranes
Membrane - thin sheetlike structure
Function:
1. Covers and protects body surfaces
2. Lines body cavities
3. Covers inner surfaces of hollow organs
4. Anchor organs
5. Secrete lubricating fluids to decrease friction
2 types of membranes:
1 Epithelial
2. Connective
1. Epithelial membrane
Epithelial tissue and connective tissue
3 types of Epithelial Membranes
1. Cutaneous
covers body surfaces exposed to ext. environment
Ex. Skin (16% of body weight)
2. Serous MembraneLines cavities NOT open to external
environment and covers many of organs inside cavities
Ex.parietal membrane: lines wall of cavityVisceral memb. - covers surface of organsPleura memb. - surrounds lungsPeritoneium - covers and lines abdominal
cavityPericardium - surrounds heart
3. Mucous Membrane
epithelial membrane lines body surfaces opening directly to external
Ex. Lining of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts
2nd type membrane- connective tissue membrane
• DOES NOT contain epithelial cells
• Ex. Synovial membranes - lines spaces between bones and joints and contains synovial fluid to help reduce friction
X. Disease and Tissue
Neoplasms -abnormal growth of cells (tumors)– Classifie as benign or malignant
Benign -• Cells DO NOT spread to other tissues and ususally grow very
slowly
Malignant
cells tend to grow faster and spread
hyperplasia- uncontrolled cell division
anaplasia - uncontrolled division of abnormal cells
3 types Neoplasms
1. Epithelial tumors
2. Connective tissue tumors
3. Miscellaneous tumors
1. Epithelial tumorsBenign-
papilloma - fingerlike projections
adenoma - glandular tumor
nevus - small pigmented skin tumors
Malignant
carcinomas - malignancy of epithelial tissue
melanoma - cancer of skin pigment cells
adenocarcinoma - glandular cancer
2. Connective Tissue Tumors
Benign
Osteoma - bone tumor
lipoma - adipose tumor
chondroma - cartilage tumor
Malignant tumors
sarcomas
lymphoma - lymphatic cancer
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