grammer book

Blanca Birdsong

Table of contents Imperfect preterite

Preterite : -car, -gar,-zar; spock, cucaracha; snake

Modal verbs

Adverbs

Progressive : present & past

Future – irregular

Superlatives

Preterite

-ar -er/ir

e i

aste iste

o io

amos imos

aron ieron

Preterite (past) Tense

-ar

• -é

• -aste

• -ó

• -amos

• -aron

-er/ir

• -í

• -iste

• -ió

• imos

• ieron

Preterite

TOCAR

Toque

Tocaste

Toco

Tocamos

Tocaron

JUGAR

Jugue

Jugaste

Jugo

Jugamos

Jugaron

COMENZAR

Comence

Comenzaste

Comenzo

Comenzamos

Comezaron

Preterite continued

car

• yo

• Qué

gar

• yo

• gué

zar

• yo

• cé

Sacar : c -> qu (yo) saqué

Pagar: g -> gu (yo) pagué

Empezar: z-> c (yo) empecé

hacer

Hice

Hiciste

Hizo

Hicimos

Hiceron

ir/ser

Fui

Fuiste

Fue

Fuimos

Fueron

Dar(d)/Ver(v)

i

Iste

ió

Imos

ieron

Spock (irregular preteriteverbs)

Preterite Trigger Words

Ayer

Anoche

Anteayer

La semana pasada

El año pasado

cucaracha

snake

Modal Verbsir a infinitive

poder infinitive(one able to

do something)

querer infinitive(want to do something)

deber infinitive(should do something)

Tenerque

infinitive(To have to

do something)

soler infinitive(to be

accustomed to)

Los adverbios

adjective

Claro

Constante

Feminine Form

Clara

Constante

Adverb

Claramente

Constantemente

Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –mente to the feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending corresponds to –ly in English. –E ending does not change r in constenant.

When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the –menteending. Note the adverb is the same as the feminine singular form of the adjective.Ex:Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.

Irregular adverbs: Mucho- a lot Muy- very bastante- quite enough Mal- bad Bien- good Ya- already Tan- so Demasiado- too Siempre- always Nunca- never Poco- little Peor- worse

Progressive Tense (present)The present progressive is formed by combining the verb “to be” with the present participle. (-ingpart of verb) estar -ando

-iendo or Yendo

Examples:1. Estaba hablando a ti. (I was talking to you.)2. Estabas nadando en el rio. ( you were swimming in the river.)

Progressive Tense (past)

Future infinitive + é

infinitive + ás

infinitive + á

infinitive + emos

infinitive + án

Future -Irregular

SuperlativesWhen you want to say that something has the most or the least of a certain quality, use a superlative!

El másEl

menos

Los más

Los menos

La másLa

menos

Las más

Las menos

Ex:Luis es el más alto.( Luis is the tallest.)Carmen es la más pequeña.

(Carmen is the smallest.)