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GE Proprietary & Confidential

GE’s “Grid Friendly” Wind Plant Technology

EXECUTIVE EXCHANGE ON THE USE & INTEGRATION OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE POWER SECTOR

Pedro ArsuagaGE EnergyMadrid, October 21, 2009

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 2April 3, 2008

Model: 1.5 Model: 1.5 slesleTechnical Data (General)

Rated Capacity: 1.5 MW

Cut in Wind Speed: 3.5 m/s (7.83 mph)

Cut out Wind Speed: 25 m/s (62.63 mph)

Rated Wind Speed: 14 m/s (31.32 mph)

Hub Diameter: 77 m (252.62 ft)

Hub Height: 80 m (262.47 ft)

Certification: IEC TC IIb Ve50 = 52 m/s

Climate Conditions: Standard Weather Operation: -15 C to +40 C (-5 F to 104 F)

Survival: -20 C to +50 C (-4 F to 122 F)

Noise Level: 104 db (A) average

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 3April 3, 2008

Product Characteristics

<= 105 dB(A)Noise level

-15C to +40COperating temperature

25m/sCut out wind speed

3.0m/sCut in wind speed

59.5m/sSurvival wind speed

8.5 m/sAverage wind speed

100mHub height

2.5MWRated Power

100mRotor Diameter

DIBt WZ II, IEC TC IIIa,IEC TC II-b

Wind Regime

Model: 2.5 XLModel: 2.5 XL

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 4April 3, 2008

Plant performance solutions

O&M tools

WindFREEReactive Power

Reactive Powereven with no wind

WindRIDE-THRU

Uninterrupted turbineoperation through griddisturbances

WindINERTIA

Inertial response forlarge, short durationfrequency deviations

WindCONTROL

Voltage and power regulation like a conventional plant

WindSCADA

Sophisticated tools to operate, maintain and manage the entire wind plant

WindLAYOUT

Maximizes energycapture throughadvanced turbine siting

AEP improvementGrid friendly capabilities

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 5April 3, 2008

Utility systems require that wind power plants:› Provide Controlled and Predictable Power Response From

Variations in Wind, Turbine and Grid Frequency

› Must remain connected to the grid following disturbances – in short, they must remain stable

Good locations for wind plants often entail connection to relatively weak transmission systems

As Wind Power Plants increase in size and contribution …

Wind plants must perform like a conventional power plant

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 6April 3, 2008

Ride-Thru Capabilities• Remains on-line and feeds

reactive power through system disturbances

• Meets present and emerging grid requirement with Low/Zero Voltage Ride Through (LVRT/ZVRT) capability

• Meets transmission reliability standards similar to thermal generators

Fault Recovery• Voltage recovery better than

conventional generator Active Power

Reactive Power

Voltage

Apparent Power

Zero Voltage Event

GE's Standard WindRIDE-THRU Offerings

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Time (seconds)

Volta

ge a

t Poi

nt o

f In

terc

onne

ctio

n (P

erce

nt)

200 ms

LVRT

ZVRT

HVRT

Synchronous generator swings dramatically

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 7April 3, 2008

Voltage at POI

Wind Plant Power Output

Voltage RegulationActual measurements from a

162MW wind plant

Wind Plant Voltag

• Regulates Grid Voltage at Point of Interconnection

• Minimizes Grid Voltage Fluctuations Even Under Varying Wind Conditions

Average Wind Speed

Voltage RegulationLike A Conventional Power Plant

Average Wind Speed

Generator

Transformer

MainTransformer

45 mi.34.5kV

POI

ConverterControl WFMS

Wind Turbine

kW

kVAR

kW

kVAR230kV

Substation

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 8April 3, 2008

Active Power Controls

Typical Grid Requirements• Ramp rates• Power curtailment• Power droop w/ frequency

Power Droop Test

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

Available Power

Actual Power

Curtailment Example

2% Frequency Increase

50% Power Reduction

Pow

er (k

W)

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Pavail

PoutRamp Rate

Pow

er

Power Ramp Rates

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 9April 3, 2008

WindCONTROLHardware Overview• Substation Mounted Cabinet

PT&CT Interface to Substation• SCADA HMI

Operates on Wind Plant LAN

Plant Level Controller Orchestrates Operation of Individual Turbines

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 10April 3, 2008

Wind Plant Startup

Settings:

Turbines Sequenced On at 20 second Intervals

Ramp Rate Limit 3MW/Min

Wind Plant PowerRamping at less than 3MW/Min

1 Minute Average Ramp Rate (kW/sec)

Turbines transitioning

Online

Pow

er (k

W)

Num

ber

of T

urbi

nes

Onl

ine

Wind Plant Output Controlled During Startup Conditions

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 11April 3, 2008

Wind Plant Shutdown

Settings:

Shutdown Interval Set to 5 Minutes

Wind Plant Power

Ramping to Zero in 5 Mins N

umbe

r of

Tur

bine

s O

nlin

eTurbines transitioning

Off-line

Pow

er (k

W)

Wind Plant Output Controlled During Shutdown Conditions

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 12April 3, 2008

WindFREE Reactive Power

• Wind Turbine converter can deliver reactive power (kVAR) without wind (kW)

• Benefits weak grids and systems with high wind penetration

• Voltage support continues without active power generation…even following trips

Reactive Power - even without wind

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 13April 3, 2008

2.5 WTG Reactive Power Capability

Cos 0.95

Cos 0.90

Available VARWindFREE Reactive Power

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 14April 3, 2008

Wind Plant-Wind Turbine Stability Modeling• Good models of wind plants gain importance as wind

penetration levels impact system performance

Positive Sequence Load Flow Model For GE Plant Systems

• Development of stability models is on-going and evolving with equipment capability and validation efforts

– ZVRT and Voltage Response models closely replicate plant performance

Kiv/s+

Vrfq (vref)

WindControl Emulation

11+ sTc

11+ sTr

Vreg

Qmax

Qmin

1/fN Qord

s5

s4

s3-

Kpv

1+ sTv

s2

Qwv

+

+

Slower Refined Plant-Level Control

++

Qcmd

Qgen

Vref

Vmax

Vterm

KVi / s

Vterm + XIQmax

Vmin

Eq"cmd

s0s1

Vterm + XIQmin

KQi / s(efd)

--

Slower WTGQ Control

Fast Initial WTGVoltage Control

EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 15April 3, 2008

Field Measurements vs Model for a Wind Plant

RED = PSLF Model

BLUE = Test measurements

POI voltage response

POI reactive power

response

Capacitor switched

offline

Fast Initial WTG

Response

Slower, coordinated plant level Response

Multi-modal response is grid friendly

• Addresses Reliability Concerns of Grid Operators

• Improves Grid Operability and Security

• Increases Capability of Grids to Successfully Achieve High Levels of Wind Penetration

“Grid Friendly” Wind Power Plant…

Thank you!