generations of computers

Lesson 1

GENERATIONS OF

COMPUTER

Lesson 1 FIRST GENERATION1940-1956Vacuum Tubes ENIAC, UNIVAC, MARK I

Lesson 1Characteristicswere bulky, expensive and not reliable. The only programming language that this computer used was a machine language, which is difficult to use.

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The fault of the vacuum tubes are it was not a long live component,

it requires too much electricity,

and it was so very expensive.

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A vacuum tube is a glass tube surrounds with a vacuum (an area from which all gases have been removed) What makes it interesting is that, when electrical contacts are put on the ends, you can get a current to flow through the vacuum. Thomas Edison invented the vacuum tubes in 1883.

VACUUM TUBE

Lesson 1 SECOND GENERATION

1956-1963a transistorized base

Characteristicsit is much cheaper than the vacuum tubes,

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smaller in size, dissipated less heat,

relatively longer life expectancy

and more reliable.

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A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is made of a solid piece of semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.

In 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, working at Bell Telephone Laboratories, transistor was invented but did not see widespread use in computers until the

late 1950’s.

TRANSISTOR

Lesson 1 THIRD GENERATION

1964-1971 Integrated

Circuits Robert Noyce

and Jack Kilby

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It is highly reliable It is compact It is expensive It reduce the

power requirement of using computers

Characteristics:

•Robert Noyce •Jack Kilby

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

An integrated circuit(IC),sometimes called a chip or microchip ,is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands

or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are fabricated.

An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter, computer memory, or microprocessor.

A particular IC is categorized as either linear (analog or digital, depending on its intended application.

Lesson 1 FOURTH GENERATION

1971-present More circuits were compressed into single chips ( Microprocessor)

Increase in the speed and reliability

Greater storage capacity

Microcomputers called Personal Computer (PC) was developed.

A microprocessor or processor is the heart of the computer and it performs all the computational tasks, calculations and data processing etc. inside the computer. 

CPU

Microprocessor is the brain of the computer. In the computers, the most popular type of the processor is the Intel Pentium chip and the Pentium IV is the latest chip by Intel Corporation. 

Lesson 1 FIFTH GENERATION

(Artificial Intelligence)present and beyond

Chips became super-fast and powerful.

Pentium chip was created by INTEL company. Pentium 5 as the latest in their series.

Lesson 1 Widespread use of

computers in terms of worldwide applications such as Internet, Teleconferencing

Advance computer applications such as artificial intelligence, simulations, and robotics.

COMPUTERS IN THE

FIFTH GENERATION