free + freedom: liberating higher education through open educational practices

Free + FreedomLiberating Higher Education through

Open Educational Practices

Open Studies Teaching Fellow, Kwantlen Polytechnic UniversityOER Research Fellow, Open Education Group

Faculty Workshop Facilitator, Open Textbook Network

Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.

@thatpsychprof

“higher education shall be equally accessible to all”

$17,849 for 8 months

$12.20 minimum wage

1463 hours

28 hours/week for 52 weeks

• AB Students now work 231% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• AB Students now work 231% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

"Kids Giving you problems? Hire an Elephant" by peasap is licensed under CC BY 2.0

• AB Students now work 231% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• AB Students now work 231% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

Source: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

• AB Students now work 231% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• AB Students now work 231% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

“The opposite of Open is not closed;the opposite of open is broken”

-John Wilbanks

"France in 2000 year (XXI century). Future school." by Jean Marc Cote is in the Public Domain

Let’s try a thought exercise

"More?" by Alan Levine is licensed under CC BY 2.0

"Ellis Hall Active Learning Classroom" by Queen's University is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

open.bccampus.ca

What can YOU do?

• Survey your student body• #textbookbroke campaign• Presentations • Utilize visuals, create displays• Speak directly to faculty & admin• Suggest that faculty review a textbook• Showcase examples• Form a student-led OER group• Connect. Collaborate.

Not purchased the required textbook

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

46 15.5 22.7 7.8 8.1

Never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Very Often

Percentage of Respondents

ACTUAL SPENDING ON TEXTBOOKS (PAST 12 MONTHS)RANGE: $0-$3000; MEAN: $698; MEDIAN: $500

Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)

Used interlibrary loan copies

Leased e-chapters

Rented e-textbooks

Rented print textbooks

Used library reserve copies

Leased e-textbook

Shared textbooks with classmates

Downloaded textbooks from the internet

Purchased used copies from the campus store

Sold used textbooks

Purchased textbooks from a source other than the campus store

Unaffected by the cost of textbooks

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)

Buy used (if possible)Buy onlineResell (if possible)RentShared purchase(Inter)library loansPhotocopyInternational editionOld edition

Revise Remix

Retain Redistribute

Reuse

Source: David Wiley, http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221 March 5, 2014, CC-BY

open = free + permissions

Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report

rijksmuseum.nl

gutenberg.org

open.bccampus.ca

openstax.org

Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report

HOW IMPORTANT TO YOU ARE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES OF YOUR OPEN TEXTBOOK?

Shareability

Permanent retention

Option to print

Convenience/portability

Immediate access

Cost savings

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

12.6

6.7

9.6

7.8

2.9

1

13.6

22.1

15.4

4.9

1

1.9

31.1

20.2

21.2

16.5

10.6

9.6

21.4

26

21.2

32

36.5

26.9

21.4

25

32.7

38.8

49

60.6

Not important at all Of little importance Of average importanceVery important Absolutely essential Jhangiani & Jhangiani (in press)

I would not have bought the text book for this course because it's an elective. I would have possibly walked away with a C, now I might actually get an A-

It is easily accessible and convenient. Material is easy to understand and follow

I personally really like the convenience of having the complete set of chapters on my computer and even accessible from my phone if I need it. I like that I don't have to lug around another text book

It's free and it's a great money saver

Jhangiani et al. (under review)

Jhangiani, R. S., Dastur, F., LeGrand, R., & Penner, K. (under review). As good or better than commercial textbooks: Students’ perceptions and outcomes from using open digital and open print textbooks.

Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 30

102030405060708090

100Traditional

Open Print

Open Digital

Perc

ent C

orre

ct

p < 0.05 ns ns

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing with C or Better

Student Success per Dollar

0 100%

$200

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing with C or Better

Commercial

Student Success per Dollar

0 100%

$200

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing with C or Better

Commercial

OER

Student Success per Dollar

0 100%

$200

Commercial vs. OER

Hilton et al. (in press)

Cost savings

Access

Portability

Course performance

Adapt, update, & remix

Enrolment

Student retention

Program completion

"Recycling Water Bottles" by Mr.TinDC is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

Open Pedagogy: HOW

Deeper learning (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)

Evaluate and defend credibility of sources (Marentette, 2014)

Write more concisely and think more critically (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)

Collaborate with students from around the world (Karney, 2012)

Provide and receive constructive feedback (Ibrahim, 2012)

Enhance digital literacy (Silton, 2012)

Communicate ideas to a general audience (APS, 2013)

22,000

37,000+

97%

Students who have taken on Wikipedia assignments since 2010

New articles that students have created

Instructors who say they will, or plan to, teach with Wikipedia again

Why have students answer questions when

they can write them?

StudentsTopicsQuestions

3510

1400

PM4ID

"GB Airways A320" by Tony Evans is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

"IMG_1007" by Erica is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Thank you!

@thatpsychprof

Rajiv.Jhangiani@kpu.ca