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FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
Page 1
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
Page 2
Greetings
Dr. Ian Toppin Director, Offices of Enhancing Critical Thinking & Center
for Teaching & Learning
Welcome to the third annual Research Day 2013 at Fort Valley State University! It is simply
amazing how much this event has grown in three short years! I am sure it will continue to grow
in the future and may someday include participants from other institutions. I want to thank Dr.
Cheryl Swanier and the entire Research Day 2013 Committee for the work they have done in
planning this event.
The purpose for Research Day is to highlight and promote critical thinking through research. It
also allows the entire academic community the opportunity to see what its members are doing in
this area of scholarship. Quite often, faculty and students travel elsewhere to attend workshops
and conferences and to display their research, but those at FVSU are hardly aware of what they
are doing. Research Day bridges that gap, as it is an opportunity for us to see some of our home-
grown researchers!
I am pleased to be a part of this event, and I am looking forward to talking to the researchers
about their findings and to learning more about what they are doing. I hope all in attendance will
do the same to show their appreciation for the research efforts being made at FVSU. Thanks
again to all who have made this event possible.
Kind Regards,
Ian Toppin
Director, Offices of Enhancing Critical Thinking & Center for Teaching & Learning
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
Page 3
Greetings
Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Research Day Chair
2013 Research Day Committee
Dear Colleagues:
Research Day provides an outlet for university researchers to present their findings to the general
public. We want the scholarly research that is conducted on the campus of Fort Valley State
University to encourage global collaborations and to have an international impact. Knowing how
to conduct research is vital to one‟s academic and professional success, whether you work in
industry or academia. Fort Valley State University is not just a teaching institution, but it is also
an institution where research is conducted. So, it is imperative that we share the research
accomplishments of both students and faculty.
Our theme is “Scholarship In Action.” Research Day promotes Fort Valley State University as
an institution of academic excellence by showcasing research conducted by the university‟s
faculty and students through poster sessions, oral presentations, a performance panel, and an art
exhibition.
It is with much gratitude and appreciation that I acknowledge the 2013 Research Day Committee
and all of our sponsors: President Larry D. Rivers, Sodexo, College of Agriculture, and the
Pettigrew Center. Without you and your commitment to service and research, this day would not
be possible. A special thanks is extended to Dr. Maisha Akbar as my co-chair for her
commitment to scholarly work. I am truly excited about Research Day. It is with great joy that
the Research Day Committee welcomes you to Research Day 2013.
Respectfully,
Dr. Cheryl A. Swanier, Chair
Research Day Committe
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
Page 4
Message from the Research Day Committee
Welcome to the Third Annual Research Day hosted by Fort Valley State
University!
Scientists and historians at Fort Valley State University spend hours in libraries
and laboratories searching for the next great discovery to advance their field of
study. Today, April 11, 2013, the university‟s brightest students and faculty will
showcase their findings during FVSU‟s second annual Research Day in the C.W.
Pettigrew Center. This year‟s theme is “Scholarship in Action.”
Researchers from all disciplines including biology, fine arts and the social sciences
will present poster and oral presentations before peers, professors and a committee
of judges. “Our primary objective is to promote Fort Valley State University as an
institution of academic excellence by showcasing research conducted by the
university‟s faculty, staff, and students.” said Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Associate
Professor of Computer Science and Research Day Committee Chair. “We want the
scholarly research that is conducted on FVSU‟s campus to encourage global
collaborations and to have an international impact. Research does not begin when
our students get to graduate school. It can begin their freshman year.”
We have held several pre-Research Day Events. On February 12 and 19, 2013,
Jasmine Bowers, 2013 graduating senior double major in Mathematics and
Computer Science, shared her research experiences from a student‟s perspective
while I gave a presentation on “Critiquing Posters.” On February 19, 2013, we
repeated the same pre-Research Day event with student Jordan Harper giving a
presentation on research. We concluded the events with a production by the Joseph
Adkins Players, “Ti Jean and His Brothers” produced by Dr. Maisha Akbar.
During Research Day 2013, a guest panel to include Dr. Cheryl Seals from Auburn
University and Dr. Franklin West from the University of Georgia will provide tips
and advice to help participants with future research endeavors. The program
lineup includes a special musical based performance by Dr. Franklin Gross.
Following presentations, a luncheon and an awards ceremony will be held to
recognize the best research projects.
We hope everyone enjoys “Scholarship in Action!”
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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Greetings
DDr. Josephine Davis, Program Chair
Dear Colleagues:
It has been an extremely rewarding experience to serve as Chair, The Program Subcommittee,
for the 2013 Annual Research Day. The Program Subcommittee has endeavored to present a full
day of activities supportive of this year‟s theme, “Scholarship in Action.” I am proud to
note this expanding interest in research among students and faculty on campus. Not only is the
number of presenters increasing, but more students are presenting research that has been
conducted in laboratories at Research I Type institutions. That several presenters have garnered
national awards and recognition for their research is also noted. We commend each faculty
advisor for the quality work being done.
Two nationally recognized speakers have been invited to serve as panelist for today‟s, invitation
only, awards luncheon. Another program feature is the innovative, 12:30, piano performance by
Dr. Franklin Gross in the Pettigrew Auditorium. This is a must see event! Dr. Maisha Akbar is
commended also for the phenomenal, pre-Research Day, play production, Ti-Jean and His
Brothers.
Welcome to our program! A special welcome is extended to our guests, students from the STEM
Academy, Peach County High School, who are participants in the Chevron, “STEM-ULATING,
Left Brain and Right Brain: Out of the Box Thinkers Project under the sponsorship of The Fort
Valley Chapter of The Links, Incorporated.
Yours truly,
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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8:00 – 8:30 a.m. Registration
*************************************************************************************
8:30 – 9:30 a.m.
OPENING CEREMONY
Pettigrew Auditorium
Dr. Josephine Davis, Presiding
Greetings……………………………Dr. Larry Rivers, President Fort Valley State
University
Dr. Ian Toppin, ECT Director
Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Research Day Chair
Occasion………………………………………………………… Jasmine Bowers
Jordan Harper
Research Presentations .... ………………………………………………….Dr.
Frederick McLaughlin
THE RIBBON CUTTING CEREMONY Mr. Jhefte Pierre, Trumpeter
Accompanied by Dr. Franklin Gross
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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9:30 – 11:30 a.m.
POSTER SESSION LOBBY
Student Posters
Abdullah, Alia
Allen, Ashli
Carroll, Adrienne Cook, James
Glover,Tanika
Hall, Gabrielle Harper, Jordan
Harvey, Andrew
Hayes, Evan
Hernandez, Yvonne Hicks, Clarence
Hunt, Jeronda
Ivey, Amber Jefferson, Dana
Jenkins, Andre
Johnson, Raven
Jones, Tarah
Kirksey, Autumn Legrant, Brittany
Norris, Ashley
Parmer, Ashley Regis, Kenny
Scott, Jasmine
Stegall, Wendy
Sylvain, Britney
Turner, Eric Tyrell, Lee
Wilkerson, Montell
Williams, Micah Williams, Milton
Williams, Shericka
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Room 110
Biological Sciences
Room 107 Agriculture, Education, Fine Arts,
English, Foreign Languages,
Business, Mathematics and Computer
Science
Room 106
Faculty
Robert Avila
Cedrica Bacon
Charles Banks Jenee Barnes
Jamil Baskett
Nehemiah Ceasar Kareem Council
Dwayne Davis
Angelica Durrah
Tanika Glover
Shawn Harrison
Jaborey Jenkins
Miquel Thomas
Jasmine Bowers
Bryant Collier
Shantia McElroy
Amber Williams
Mauzerall, Hope
Paul, Jasmine
Shakespeare, Teresa
Davis, Josephine, Chitsonga, Shadreck,
Cartwright, Samuel and Aberra, Dawit
Steele, Robert
Swanier, Cheryl
11:30 – 12:15
AUDITORIUM
Performance Panel ........................................................................................................ Dr. Franklin Gross
“Expressive Dissonance in 20th
Century Classical Music”
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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Dr. Josephine Davis, Presiding
12:15 p.m.
Greetings .............................................................. Dr. Maisha Akbar, Co-Chair
Invocation ............................................................... Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Chair
Lunch
Musical Selection .................................................................... Mr. Jhefte Pierre
Accompanied By: Dr. Franklin Gross
Introduction of Panelists ................................................... Dr. Josephine Davis
Panelists
Dr. Franklin West, University of Georgia
Dr. Cheryl Seals, Auburn University
Questions and Answers
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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Mrs. Victoria Dubriel, Presiding
1:15 p.m.
Awards and Recognitions ....................................... Dr. Frederick McLaughlin
Poster Presentations
Oral Presentations
Honorable Mentions
Recognition of Judges..................................................... Mrs. Victoria Dubriel
Remarks ..................................................................................... Dr. Ian Toppin
Dr. Cheryl Swanier
Adjournment
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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RESEARCH DAY PANELIST
Dr. Cheryl Seals
Dr. Cheryl Seals, associate professor in the
Department of Computer Science and Software
Engineering at Auburn University. Seals also
studies human computer interaction with an
emphasis in usability, visual and game
programming. The researcher also works with
recruiting and outreach initiatives to improve
computer science education at all levels. One of these initiatives is the STARS
Alliance a regional partnerships with over 500 members among academia,
industry, K-12 and the community to strengthen local computing programs by
focusing on K-12 outreach, community service, student leadership and computing
diversity research. She is involved also in projects to increase the computing
pipeline by motivating student-interest in science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM) disciplines and future technology careers
(http://www.starsalliance.org or http://www.eng.auburn.edu/stars).
Dr. Seals is also a member of the A4RC alliance that works to increase the
computing pipeline by creating opportunities for African American students to
learn more about research and academic careers, through research experience and
training (http://www.a4rc.org).
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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RESEARCH DAY PANELIST
Franklin West
Franklin West is a stem cell biologist and an assistant
professor at the University of Georgia. He received a
Bachelors of Science at Morehouse College in 2003 and
a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Georgia
in 2008. He is nationally and internationally recognized
for his stem cell research and has given invited talks and
orchestrated stem cell workshops as far away as Karnal,
India. He has been recognized by Georgia Trends Magazine as a
member of the 2010 “Top 40 Under 40: Georgia‟s Best and Brightest” and has been
selected by Diverse Magazine as part of the “Emerging Scholars: Class of 2012.” His work has
been featured on CNN and FOX news. West‟s research has focused on the development and
directed differentiation of stem cells for basic science, therapeutic, and agricultural applications
for nearly a decade. His recent efforts have focused on the development of induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs) by introducing reprogramming transcription factors into skin cells of human,
chicken, quail, pig and even endangered species such as the sumatran tiger and clouded leopard.
These reprogramming transcription factors revert skin cells back to a primordial pluripotent iPSC
state where they are capable of turning into any cell type of the body. Biomedically, his lab
focuses on transplanting iPSC derived neural cells into stroked pig models as a cell replacement
therapy to regenerate lost and damaged brain tissue. Recovery of this lost tissue will likely lead
to recovery of sensorimotor function and cognitive abilities. In addition, his group has focused
on using iPSCs to produce transgenic animals that are disease resistant, higher producers and to
preserve valuable genetics. Increasing survival and productivity of agriculturally important
livestock in economically impoverished countries of Africa and Asia will directly lead to food
and financial stability of poor farmers thus increasing their quality of life.
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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STUDENTS’ ORAL PRESENTATIONS
O1. Avila, Robert
Fort Valley State University
Dr. George Mbata, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Factors Affecting Paralysis of Indianmeal Moth Larvae, Plodia Interpunctella (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae) By Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
The gregarious parasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is a natural enemy
of stored-product moths including Plodia interpunctella Hübner. P. interpunctella is a common,
grain-feeding pest that feeds on cereals, dried fruits, nuts and several other post-harvest
commodities and processed foods. H. hebetor is known to parasite mature larvae of P.
interpunctella. The female parasitoid paralyses the moth larvae and subsequently deposits eggs
on the larvae. This study investigated the effects of environmental factors such as photoperiod
and temperature, and density on the success of the parasitoid in paralyzing P. interpunctella
larvae. It was hypothesized that various environmental factors play a critical role in the paralysis
of P. interpunctella larvae. A series of experiments were conducted at the Fort Valley State
University Rearing Facility to evaluate the role of environmental factors on paralysis of P.
interpunctella by H. hebetor.
O2. Bacon, Cedrica
Fort Valley State University
Dr. Frederick McLaughlin, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Validating the Cyranose 320 for the Detection of Low Levels of Bacteria
Many types of bacteria such as E.coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus are commonly found in
the environment. The Cyranose 320, or e-nose, is an electronic odor detector that consists of 32
black composite polymer sensors. The Cyranose 320 has the ability to mimic the human nose by
detecting odors emitted by bacteria. With this device food companies are able to test raw
materials for bacterial contamination and chemical companies can test to see if a construction
site is hazardous. Also, biologists are able to test water samples to see if bacteria are present. It
was hypothesized in this study that the e-nose would detect low levels of bacteria under different
environmental conditions. The methodology consisted of training the e-nose to identify three
types of bacteria; Staphylococcus, E. coli and Salmonella. After training the device at a high
concentration, its ability to detect lower concentrations using 10-fold dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and
1:1000) was determined. The Cyranose 320 was able to detect each bacterium accurately at
varying levels of concentration.
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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O3.
Banks, Charles
Fort Valley State University
Dr. Ana Mora and Dr. Marta Fernandez-Bueno, Advisors, University of Pittsburgh
Aging and the Susceptibility to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease characterized by the formation of
thick, stiff tissue within the lungs and also progressive scarring. Extensive observations of the
disease revealed an increased prevalence of this condition among the elderly populations. A
laboratory mouse model of gamma-herpes virus (MHV-68) that induces pulmonary fibrosis was
used to assess the physiological perturbations of lung tissue. Herpes viruses are thought to play
an etiological role in the development and/or progression of IPF. This study identified one of the
main causes of progressive scaring to be attributed to cells undergoing endoplasmic reticulum
stress (ER stress). In the event that ER stress is not controlled, the cells of the tissue will
undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). To underpin the molecular details of PF, western
blotting was used to probe for alterations in the protein JNK and p-JNK. In conjunction to
protein expression analysis, through histochemical analysis of lung tissue, it was discovered that
some of the main factors causing cells to die were previously synthesized in the older mice
before injection of the MHV-68 virus. Due to this observation, it is plausible to conclude that
age may increase ones susceptibility to IPF. Thus, further studies to replicate these findings are
recommended.
O4. Barnes, Jenee
Fort Valley State University
Dr. Surrency and Dr. F. McLaughlin, Advisors, Fort Valley State University
Addressing the Health, Environmental and Socioeconomic Disparities of the Woolfolk
Superfund Site
For many years, the properties surrounding the old Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund site in
Fort Valley, Georgia were contaminated eyesores. The Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund
site is a 31 acre site located in the midst of an African-American neighborhood in the central
business district of Fort Valley, Georgia. This superfund site was created by industrial pollution
- the chemical facility‟s production, formulation and packaging of pesticides, herbicides, and
insecticides dating to 1910. In the early 1980‟s, investigations indicated that this chemical plant
operations led to arsenic (As), lead (Pb), PCB, dioxin, and other pesticide contaminations at the
Superfund site. Soil and water samples were taken from various identified study sites from a half
mile to two mile radius away from the Woolfolk Chemical Works Superfund site. These depths
were sampled because Lead (Pb), and Arsenic (As) are mainly limited to the first 12 to 18 inches
of the topsoil; however, Arsenic may travel deeper into the soil profile. Water and soil samples
from the Superfund site were transported and tested at the University of Georgia Lab for
Environmental Analysis. The samples were analyzed for their Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As)
concentration levels. The results show that the majority of the sampled sites tested did not have
high levels of arsenic or lead.
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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O5. Baskett, Jamiil
Fort Valley State University
Shin Gene Kang and Jan Jaworski, Ph.D., Advisors, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St.
Louis, MO
Analysis of Lipid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Tobacco using Bimolecular Fluorescence
Complementation (BiFC) Assay
Proteins are involved in almost all cell biological functions. While many proteins accomplish
their functions autonomously, most must interact with other proteins to carry out their roles. To
identify protein-protein interactions, Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) assay
is used. It is based on the association of two fragments of a fluorescent protein that are fused to
interacting proteins. When proteins interact with each other, a complex is formed that leads to
the association of the two fluorescence fragments. Recently, a series of Arabidopsis homologues
of lipid biosynthetic enzymes from developing seeds of Ricinus communis (Rc) by membrane-
based yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assay (Kang et al. unpublished data) were tested. To validate the
interaction in plants, BiFC analysis was used. However, several positive interactions found in
Y2H could not be confirmed by BiFC analysis. It was hypothesized that some protein-protein
interactions may be time-dependent. Therefore, a timed-course experiment was designed to
observe protein complex expressions in tobacco leaves. This observation was conducted over
four days after infiltration. Protein interactions were determined using confocal microscopy. Our
results suggest that RcOLE interacts with either RcPDAT or RcDGAT with weak Yellow
Fluorescent Protein (YFP) expression only in the early stage after infiltration. The data suggest
that the expression of reconstituted YFP may be reduced due to destabilization and degradation
of these proteins over time. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU NSF, HBCU-UP
Grant.
O6. Bowers, Jasmine
Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Android vs. IPhone: What's Your Personality?
The 21st century is indeed the century of advanced technology. Telephones have evolved from
land lines, to cordless phones, to portable, hand-held cellular devices. However, the decision of
the best cellular phone to use remains an issue amongst all ages, genders and professions. One
may ask “what phone fits my personality?” To examine this social issue, surveys were
conducted. These surveys were designed to distinguish the personal characteristics of people
who purchased an android operating system-based phone from those who purchased an Apple, I
Phone. The results of this study should help potential buyers make better decisions on purchasing
a cellular phone for their personal use. Statistical correlations on respondents were used to
characterize phone preferences and personal characteristics.
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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O7. Ceasar, Nehemiah
Fort Valley State University
Todd Harrop, Ph.D., Advisor, University of Georgia
Synthesis of a Nickel SuperOxide Dismutase (NiSOD ) Analogue
This research, in bioinorganic chemistry, analyses the rational design and synthesis of structural
and functional models of metalloenzyme active sites. These sites are involved in small molecule
activation, especially the superoxide detoxifying enzymes like superoxide reductase (SOR, a
non-heme iron enzyme) and the nickel containing superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD). The goal of
this study was that of designing and developing synthetic routes for ligand sets that structurally
mimic the spatial disposition and donor strength (imidazole-N and cysteine-S) observed at the
active sites of these enzymes. The aim of this project was to synthesize NiSOD analogues. New
NiSOD analogues were synthesized and characterized via utilization of the NMR and mass
spectroscopy.
O8.
Collier, Bryant
Fort Valley State University
Representations of African Culture in Northeastern America
Typically, one identifies the Statue of Liberty, Niagara Falls, Broadway, and New York City as
popular sites and wonders in the Northeastern states of North America. However, there are a few
lesser-known sites that hold some of the richest heritages of African American Culture. During a
study trip under the auspices of Fort Valley State University‟s Stanley E. Rutland Globetrotters
Award, this study of the history of African American heritage in the Northeastern hemisphere of
North America was conducted. From the infamous Sylvia‟s Restaurant, a New York, soul food
establishment to the African Burial Grounds, historical information was gathered supporting the
African legacy among African Americans in this country. Visits to historical sites in Boston,
Massachusetts and Martha‟s Vineyards furthered contributed to a broader understanding of the
hidden wonders of the residuals of African culture in this part of the country.
O9.
Council, Kareem
Fort Valley State University
Kendall Tennison, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Harry Klee, Ph.D., Advisor, University of Florida
Testing and Analyzing Tomato Flavors for Commercial Production
Sugars, acids, and volatiles with texture, taste, and favor play an important role in flavoring
tomatoes. Taste actually varies, importantly, according to the tomato type. The best tomato for
commercial use must have the right size, roundness, color and grow well in the field. Previous
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
Thursday, April 11, 2013
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research has shown that bio-chemicals are important to creating good flavor. The challenge of
identifying the best tasting tomato is recognition of the fact that each person‟s opinion on taste
varies. To try to get a spectrum on different taste preferences, a series of taste panels were
constituted. These taste panels were rated from -100 to 100 on their preferences according to
different types of tomatoes. Twenty-two (22) different varieties of tomatoes were sampled
according to the sugars, acids, and volatiles of the tomatoes. Major determinants of best taste in
tomatoes depend on the amounts of sugars and acids in the tomato. For this study, tomatoes were
harvested and their levels of sugars, acids, and volatiles were measured. The results showed that
three out of the twenty-two tomato varieties with high sugars, acids, and volatiles were large fruit
varieties that grew well in the field. These three varieties were the Flora-Dade x Wisconsin 55
progeny 13 (FW13), Wisconsin 55 x Flora-Dade progeny 46 (WF46), and Wisconsin 55 x Flora-
Dade progeny 6 (WF6). Further studies will be done. This study was supported, in part, by the
FVSU NSF, HBCU-UP Grant.
O10. Davis, Dwayne
Fort Valley State University
Gang Yao, Ph.D. and Ben Davis, Advisors, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
The Correlation between Pupillary Unrest with Respiration and Heart Rate
Pupillary unrest, scientifically known as hippus, is the continuous fluctuation, constriction and
dilation of the pupil even in steady illumination. The pupil is innervated by the autonomic
nervous system and its oscillation is controlled by the parasympathetic and sympathetic
modulation of the iris muscles. A link has been shown between respiratory patterns and
pupillary oscillation, as well as heart rate variability. This study examined the connection
between the frequencies of breathing rate, heart rate, and pupillary oscillation. During normal,
slow and deep breathing, we measured pupil size, breathing rate, and heart rate. Using Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT), the frequency spectra of each parameter (pupil size, breathing rate, and
heart rate) were analyzed. Pupil size was measured using two high-speed infrared cameras in a
binocular pupillogram recording system, and a pressure sensor was used to measure breathing
rate. The study showed a correlation existed between breathing rate, heart rate, and pupil
oscillation frequency. This effect was more pronounced during the slow deep breathing trial.
Further study will focus on the dynamic properties of the pupil measuring Pupillary Light Reflex
(PLR) during controlled breathing. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU NSF, HBCU-
UP Grant.
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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O11.
Durrah, Angelica
Fort Valley State University
Dr. Douglas Rhoads, Advisor, University of Arkansas
Concentration of a Suspect Region of Inheritance on Chromosome 3
This project investigated the limits of a region on chicken chromosome 3 that displays unusual,
non-Mendelian inheritance. This region was of interest because of its possible relationship to
sperm mobility phenotype. The region contains the ARMC2 gene which is expressed in testes.
Previously, Joshua Blaylock, had used PCR-sequencing to investigate inheritance of several
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ARMC2 gene in selected families segregating
for sperm mobililty phenotype. His results indicated that the SNPs were not being inherited in a
Mendelian fashion. Specifically, he found that for individual SNP locations the SNP allele from
either the father or the mother could be lost in about half of the male offspring, while half
appeared to get alleles from both parents. Joshua had observed this non-Mendelian inheritance
for nearly the entire 56,000 bases of the ARMC2.
O12. Glover, Tanika
Fort Valley State University
Frederick McLaughlin, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Evaluation of Sterilization and Disinfection Procedures to Prevent Cross Infection in Dental
Health-Care Settings
Cross infection of diseases in dental health-care settings can occur easily. Consequently, the
prevention of cross infection is a critical aspect of dental practice. Cross infection is the
transmission of an infection from one patient in a health-care setting to another patient with
different pathogenic microorganisms in the same environment. In a dental health-care setting,
cross infection can be transmitted through direct contact with blood, oral fluids or other
secretions via indirect contact with contaminated instruments, equipment or environmental
surfaces, or by airborne contaminants. Sterilization and disinfection guidelines and procedures
are required and must be conducted in every dental practice or clinic to prevent cross infection.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of sterilization and disinfection procedures used on dental
office instruments. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant levels of bacterial
contamination from specified collection sites. Swab samples were taken and cultured from sets
of dental instruments before and after the sterilization and disinfectant procedures. The samples
determined the effectiveness of the sterilization process. Additionally, results validated that the
sterilization and disinfection of dental instruments does meet the standards and requirements to
prevent cross infection in dental health-care settings.
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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O13. Harrison, Shawn
Fort Valley State University
Sarwan K. Dhir, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Molecular Genetic Variation in Arundo Donax Populations in South Georgia
Arundo donax is a potential biofuel feedstock crop which is distributed throughout the southern
half of the United States. A. donax is a native to Asia and was initially introduced into North
America from the Mediterranean region. A. donax is hypothesized to displace native plants and
associated wildlife species as a consequence of the massive stands it forms. Subsequently, it
becomes a dominant component of the flora of that region. Invasive species such as A. donax are
interesting for geneticists because these species often evolve rapidly in response to novel abiotic
and biotic conditions. Native species evolve in response to the invasion. This study examined the
local genetic diversity of A. donax stands in Houston and Peach Counties (Georgia). The aims
of this study were to: 1) identify superior genotypes for biofuel production and 2) understand the
potential for colonization and establishment, geographic patterns of invasion and range
expansion, and the potential for evolutionary responses to novel environments. In the current
study, A. donax individuals from 12 distinct populations in and around Peach and Houston
Counties were analyzed. Details about DNA isolations from various populations, design of PCR
primers to amplify candidate chloroplast and nuclear genes, Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic
analysis of sequence data are described. Further analysis of A. donax genome is underway to
understand the genetic basis of invasiveness and identification of superior genotypes to be
promoted as superior biofuel feedstock. This study was supported, in part, by FVSU‟s NSF,
REU-Site Grant.
O14. McElroy, Shantia
Jasmine Paul Fort Valley State University
Missed Opportunities for HIV-testing and Awareness Programs for African-American
Students at FVSU
The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the retrovirus family that causes
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive
failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to
thrive (Clutterbuck, 2005). In 2009, young blacks accounted for 65% (5,404) of diagnoses of
HIV infection reported among persons aged 13–24 years (CDC, 2013). Out of several thousand
students, only 400 have been tested for HIV at Fort Valley State University (FVSU) during
2012-2013. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about HIV among students of
Fort Valley State University and the barriers that prevent them from HIV testing. Students of
FVSU were given questionnaires to assess their levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and testing
practices. A total of five-hundred surveys were completed and analyzed. The results show that
71% of the students surveyed had been tested for HIV/AIDS; the remaining 29% missed the
opportunity. Then, of this population, 43% of the students attended HIV/AIDS awareness
programs; 57% had not attended any awareness programs. The majority of students had basic
knowledge about HIV. Among barriers students identified as affecting their decisions not to be
tested include fear and lack of knowledge. Students in this sample had a fear of what the test
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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results might be or fear of what their peers might think. Other students did not care to know their
HIV/AIDS status. Some students were unaware of the HIV testing services available to them.
O15. Jenkins, Jaborey
Fort Valley State University
David Shapiro and Kathy Hala, USDA, Byron, GA
Movement of Bb GHA entomopathogenic fungus in soil via earthworms: A phoretic
relationship
Pecan weevils are insect pests that live in and feed on pecan nuts. Insect pests threaten the
nation‟s agriculture. For many years, synthetic pesticides were used to control these pests. The
EPA has issued restrictions on the use of certain pesticides due to their harmful effects on
humans. Beauveria bassiana (Bb), a naturally growing fungus, has been found to act as a
pesticide to insect pests. Pecan weevils live deep in the soil and application of Bb to the top
layer of soil is not efficient at killing the weevils. The purpose of this experiment was to
investigate if earthworms have the ability to transport Bb strain GHA throughout soil. It was
hypothesized that earthworms may have a phoretic relationship with Bb and thereby help move
the fungus toward the pests. Arenas that consist of two deli cups inverted and taped to each
other were used to conduct this test. The arenas were filled with soil and a select number of them
were inoculated with Bb GHA. Earthworms were added. The results indicated that earthworms
have the ability to transport Bb GHA to the target host.
O16. Thomas, Miquel
Devin Horton, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Fasting-Induced Lipid Drooplet Formation in C. Elegans
Control of energy storage and consumption is imperative for animals surviving periods of food
deprivation. Pathways that govern fat metabolism are designed to utilize and storage
carbohydrates when food is abundant, and switch to the breakdown of stored sugar and fat when
food supply is miniscule. Studies have established Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a
useful model for studying this phenomenon owing to one of their developmental stages being the
dauer stage. This stage occurs when animals are deprived of food for more than 12-24 hours.
The aim of this study was that of examining the regulatory pathways in metabolism in C. elegans
as activated by nutritional stress. Wild animal types were fasted for 12 hours, and then stained
with Oil-red O in order to visualize the fate of lipids.Since other studies show that fasting
induces fat breakdown for the production of ATP, it was hypothesized that, upon fasting, larger
lipids would metabolize into numerous, small lipids.
O17. Williams, Amber
Fort Valley State University
Italy 2012 Travel Abroad: A Student's Perspective
Research indicates that students who travel, and in particular minority students who travel
abroad, have a tendency to score higher on standardized tests, will be more likely to graduate
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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from school, and are more informed and articulate. Fort Valley State University‟s Stanley E.
Rutland Globetrotters Study abroad program chose, Mass Communications student, Amber
Nicole Williams, to travel to Italy during September of 2012. Cultural and global issues impact
everyone, thus, shared experience is a part of the program. The core purpose of this educational
discovery tour was to acquire firsthand knowledge of Italy‟s contribution to world history, the
arts, architecture, philosophy, fashion and its place in Christianity, among other aspects. This
travel abroad experience gave the researcher a new frame of reference for understanding the
modern world and the role Italy has played in it. The ability to share new insights will provide
comparative cultural exposure to other students as well as insights that will enhance leadership
and awareness of creativity born from diversity. The student crossed the Atlantic Ocean and
embarked on an exciting educational adventure which began in the city of Milan and included
stays in Milan, Florence, Sorrento, Pisa, Montecatini, Naples, Pompei and Vatican City. The
journey continued through Rome‟s palatial piazzas, travel by gondola through Venice‟s lovely
canals, and the Isle of Capri.
Student Poster Presentations
P1. Abdullah, Alia
Frederick McLaughlin and Terrell Hollis, Advisors, Fort Valley State University
Validation of CMT Detection in Diary Goats in FVSU
Staphylococcus aureus infects animals, as well as humans, as normal flora or pathogens.
Staphylococcus is a general name for a class of small, round bacteria capable of causing mastitis
(inflammation of the mammary gland) in diary goats. Infection is usually spread from infected to
non-infected susceptible animals during the milking process. The objectives of the study were to
test the efficiency and accuracy of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) for detecting mastitis of
Fort Valley State goats. It was hypothesized that the CMT is efficient in detecting mastitis in
Fort Valley goats. In these clinical testing, the California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on
milk samples that were collected for fluidity and reaction time for the presence of gel formation.
Prior to each CMT test, the goat milking chambers were sprayed down to inhibit the spread of
microorganism‟s growth. Each time the CMT test was performed, hands were washed
thoroughly, gloves administered, and teats was cleaned with iodine. In the clinical trials, twelve
goats were tested from Fort Valley State University. The sample administered by the CMT test
was checked four times with one-half of a teaspoon of milk in each quadrant. The CMT test for
mastitis was not only effective but provided fast results in the clinical testing of Fort Valley State
goats.
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P2. Allen, Ashli
Fort Valley State University
Brad J. Ferguson, Rachel M. Zamzow, Morgan L. Lewis, and David Q.
Beversdorf, Advisors, University of Missouri-Columbia
Effects of Propranolol and Sympathetic Reactivity on Spatial/Visual Abilities in ASD
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the presence of communication deficits,
impaired social interactions, and repetitive, restricted behaviors. Propranolol may provide
cognitive benefits in ASD. Propranolol blocks the noradrenergic sympathetic response causing a
decrease in stress and anxiety. In the present study, individuals with ASD (N=5) participated in a
two-session study where they received either 40mg of propranolol or placebo in a double-
blinded, counterbalanced manner. Baseline sympathetic reactivity was tested prior to drug
administration. Galvanic skin response, measuring eccrine sweat gland activity, and heart rate
variability, via electrocardiogram, serve as measures of baseline sympathetic reactivity.
Following drug administration and a 60 minute wait period, the participants were administered
the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure task. This task serves as an assessment of visual-spatial
constructional abilities and visual memory. During task administration, participants were asked
to copy a complex drawing. After 30 minutes, the participants were asked to recall and draw the
same figure from memory. It is hypothesized that propranolol will improve visual-spatial
memory abilities relative to placebo. This effect would be evident with decreased copy and recall
time and increased overall task score. It is hypothesized that the participants with the highest
baseline sympathetic reactivity will receive the greatest cognitive benefits from propranolol.
Preliminary analysis shows no significant differences in task score and time between the
propranolol and placebo conditions. However, increased sample size and further analysis will
contribute to a more definitive conclusion. This study was supported, in part, FVSU‟s, HBCU-
P3. Carroll, Adrienne
Fort Valley State University
My Experience: Trindad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago are twin-island states whose economies are oriented toward trade and
tourism. The economy of the larger island, Trinidad, is more heavily industrialized, dominated
by the oil and gas sector, although agriculture, tourism, manufacturing and construction also
make significant contributions. While some people make a good living in these island states,
others barely make ends meet. This videographic and pictorial study compares and contrasts
ways in which these countries differ. The economic and educational systems were analyzed
using survey data from teachers, principals and citizens. The roles of religion and assessment in
the Trinidad and Tobago school systems are analyzed.
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P4. Cook, James
Fort Valley State University
Mack Ivey, Advisor, University of Arkansas
SpoIIE Regulation of Oligopeptide Permease in Clostridium difficile
The oligopeptide permease of the human intestinal pathogen Clostridium difficile is encoded by
opp genes organized into two adjacent, divergently transcribed operons. Green Fluorescent
Protein (GFP) fusions have been constructed to study transcription of the operons. In this project,
four plasmids were transformed using several different techniques to determine the amount of
GFP produced in each strain. Genetic transformation is defined as the transfer of a gene(s) from
one organism to another. When the organism is transformed successfully, it is capable of
producing the protein(s) encoded by the gene. The four plasmids are WSK 320, WSK 321, OO1
320, 001 321. 320 and 321 differ in their opp promoters. 320 contains the opp AB promoter and
321 contains the opp DF promoter. WSK and 001 differ in that 001 contains a SpoIIE protein
that either activates or inhibits transcription when RNA polymerase attaches. Based on our
studies, we conclude that RNA polymerase binds to the opp promoter in WSK only the RNA at
the basal level is transcribed.
P5.
Glover,Tanika
Frederick McLaughlin, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Evaluation of sterilization and disinfection procedures to prevent cross infection in dental
health-care settings
Cross infection of diseases in a dental health-care settings can occur easily. That is why the
prevention of cross infection is a critical aspect of dental practice. Cross infection is the
transmission of an infection from one patient in a health care setting to another patient with
different pathogenic microorganisms in the same environment. In a dental health-care setting,
cross infection can be transmitted through direct contact with blood, oral fluids or other
secretions; via indirect contact with contaminated instruments, equipment or environmental
surfaces; or by airborne contaminants. Sterilization and disinfection guidelines and procedures
are required and must be conducted in every dental practice or clinic to prevent cross infection.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental office instrument
sterilization and disinfection procedures. Swab samples were taken and cultured from sets of
dental instruments before and after the sterilization and disinfectant procedures. The samples can
determine the effectiveness of the sterilization process. Additionally, results can validate that the
sterilization and disinfection of dental instruments does meet the standards and requirements to
prevent cross infection in dental health-care settings.
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P6. Hall, Gabrielle
Fort Valley State University
Chandraiah Goduga, Advisor,Florida A&M University
Proteomic and genomic analysis of breast cancer cell lines treated with anticancer and anti-
hypertension drug combinations
Cancer treatment can involve surgery coupled with chemotherapies with various anticancer
drugs such as Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, and other therapies. However, these agents
have limited effectiveness and are accompanied by toxic side-effects due to the high
concentration of the drugs that must be administered during chemotherapy treatment.
Doxorubicin, one of the standard, anticancer drugs that treats a variety of tumors has a dose
dependent cardiotoxicity. The current study was conducted to determine whether combination
therapy with FDA approved anti-hypertensive drugs (Telmisartan and Losartan) can lower the
concentration of anticancer drugs needed to produce anticancer effects and bypass the symptoms
of heart problems associated with Doxorubicin. The role of the renin angiotensin system (RAS)
on cancer development and progression and anticancer effects of angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs Telmisartan, Candesartan and Losartan) have been reported in recent times.
P7. Harper, Jordan
Fort Valley State University
Teresa I. Shakespeare, Fort Valley State University
Shakira J, O‟Neil*, Sandra A. Murray University of Pittsburgh
Gap Junction Protein Phosphorylation and Annular Gap Junction Formation
Gap junctions are pentalaminar structures that form channel pores to connect the cytoplasms of
two adjacent cells. These pores are comprised of the trans-membrane protein Connexin 43
(Cx43), and they allow the flow of ions and information between neighboring cells. The loss of
this communication is thought to result in a number of physiological changes including
alterations in wound healing and development of rapidly growing cancer cell populations. One
method of regulating the degradation of gap junctions is a process in which the gap junction
plaque is internalized. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of gap junction plaque
internalization. Specifically, we examined the role Cx43 phosphorylation on the recruitment of
molecules thought to be involved in the internalization process. To investigate this hypothesis,
immunocytochemistry techniques were utilized to localize Cx43 and two molecules known to
play a role in internalization, clathrin and dynamin. Western blot techniques were used to
quantitate Cx43 phosphorylation and computer- assisted time-lapse imaging was used to analyze
gap junction plaque internalization. Our findings were that gap junction plaques were localized at
the cell border while annular gap junction vesicles were found within the cytoplasm. Gap
junction plaques were demonstrated in living cells to invaginate to form buds, which
subsequently were released into the cytoplasm to form annular gap junction vesicles. Both
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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dynamin and clathrin co-localized with gap junction plaques. Furthermore, it was demonstrated
with western blot analysis that TPA treatment resulted in an increase in phosphorylated Cx43
compared to that in the diluent treated control populations. Further research is designed to
quantitate the association of dynamin and clathrin as well as plaque internalization in TPA and
diluent treated populations. However, given our findings we would suggest that TPA treatment is
a method that can be effectively used to increase Cx43 phosphorylation in this cell population,
that annular gap junction vesicles result from gap junction internalization, and that both dynamin
and clathrin are ideally positioned to facilitate this gap junction plaque internalization process.
P9. Harvey, Andrew
Fort Valley State University
Technology Addiction; Affecting Different Age Groups
The presence of technology in today‟s world is increasing phenomenally. From work to leisure,
technology is in constant use. Technology addiction has become a problem in today‟s society.
What effects does technology addiction have on health, fitness, and productivity? How does
technology addiction affect different age groups? To study the effects of technology addiction, a
survey was conducted. The results of the survey are organized to display the effects of
technology addiction on different age groups. The survey shows that technology addiction
affects different age groups in different ways. The results focus on productivity and health. The
survey found that ages 18-30 are the most adversely affected by technology addiction. These
results can be used to help combat technology addiction in today‟s world, specifically for
different age groups, and help reduce our dependence on technology.
P10. Hayes, Evan
Fort Valley State University
Omar Amen, Sai Vemula, and Suresh K. Mittal, Advisors, Purdue University
Development of a Broad Spectrum H5N1Influenza Vaccine for Pandemic Preparedness
Highly pathogenic, H5N1 avian influenza A viruses, emerged in humans in 1997, in Hong Kong,
and have spread across countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe. There have been more than 600
documented human cases of H5N1 infections, with a mortality rate of approximately 60 percent.
The H5N1 virus has antigenically diverged into clades and subclades which further complicate
the efforts to develop an effective vaccine against the current and emerging strains of H5N1.
This virus has not yet acquired the potential to spread effectively from human-to-human.
However, recently, it has been demonstrated that H5N1 could spread from human-to-human, if
the virus acquires a few mutations. The exact characteristics of an H5N1 pandemic virus will not
be known before the pandemic; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a broad spectrum
H5N1 vaccine for pandemic preparedness. We have identified a number of conserved epitopes in
the H5N1 virus envelope and internal proteins and a synthetic gene containing these
immunologically relevant epitopes was synthesized. A replication-defective adenovirus vector
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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containing this synthetic gene was generated, and represents the focus of this experiment. This
adenovirus, vector-based vaccine will be tested in a mouse model for its immunogenicity and
protective efficacy against a number of antigenically distinct strains of H5N1. We anticipate that
this vaccine will be useful in the initial phase of pandemic, before a strain-matched vaccine can
be produced. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P11. Hernandez, Yvonne
Fort Valley State University
Tawnya Cary, Ph.D., Advisor, University of Wisconsin-Madison
IgY Antibody Response in Juvenile Rana Pipiens following PCB-126 Exposure
Amphibian population declines have become prevalent worldwide and it is proposed that
pollutants may be a contributing factor. Tadpoles exposed to PCB-126, an organic pollutant,
lowered antibody response to keyhole limpet hemacyanin (KLH) in juvenile Ranapipiens, a
native Wisconsin frog. To determine whether PCB exposure would alter immune response to a
smaller antigenin R. pipiens, di-nitrophenol (DNP), a manufactured peptide used in biochemical
research was tested. It was hypothesized that R.pipiensexposed to PCB-126 would have a
lowered level of IgYantibodies to DNP, compared to unexposed frogs. In a six-weeks span,
control and PCB-126 exposed frogs were given a primary and secondary injection of KLH
conjugated with DNP (KLH-DNP; 2mg/ml), and then euthanized to collect plasma for analysis
of antibody levels using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. There was no measurable
amount of anti-DNP IgY antibodies detected, though there were measurable amounts of anti
KLH IgY antibodies. Anti-KLH levels were much lower than expected. There was no significant
difference in anti-KLH IgY antibodies between treatment groups, but it was determined that the
general health (i.e., growth) of frogs was not affected by PCB-126 exposure. Frogs having a
lowered antibody response may suggest a suppressed immune system which may decrease their
ability to fight pathogens. The results of this study d, but due to our findings we are unable to
provide evidence to support this theory. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-
UP Grant.
P12. Hicks, Clarence
Alicia L. Williams, and Sarwan K. Dhir, Fort Valley State University
High Frequency Propagation Regeneration in Valeriana officinalis: A Rare Medicinal Plant
Valeriana officinalis is a perennial, flowering herbal plant native to Europe and parts of Asia. It
is a medicinal plant used as a muscle relaxer for anxiety relief, as well as a sleep aid. Due to its
variations, poor seed production and germination, and traditional breeding cost and time, clonal
propagation should be used in order to produce large scale homogeneous plants with high yields
of Valerian. In propagating Valerian clonally, we have developed a simple one step method for
the regeneration of plants/multiple shoots using nodes as explants. We supplemented the MS
media with various concentrations of cytokinins- benzyl amino purine (BAP) and kinetin (KN),
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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to study which concentration had the best effect on producing Valerian efficiently and
effectively. The results from this protocol indicated that KN or BAP at 2.5 mg/l was the best
concentration for shoot induction. Comparing KN 2.5 mg/l with IAA, IBA, or NAA, maximum
number of shoots were observed with KN 2.5 mg/l + IAA 0.1 mg/l. Rooting was effectively
achieved on MS supplemented with IAA at 1.0 mg/l. The subsequent hardening experiment
showed that the commercial medium, containing a mixture of decomposed coir waste, perlite and
organic compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume was most effective, with 80% of plantlets
surviving. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform, having normal leaf shape and
growth. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P13. Hunt, Jeronda
Fort Valley State University
Brenda Schroeder, Austin Bates, Jenny Knerr, Washington State University
Identification of Pectolytic Bacteria found in the Pacific Northwest
Potatoes are the leading vegetable crop in the United States contributing to about 20% of farms
sales receipts for vegetables. Over 50 percent of potato sales are used for french fries, chips, and
other potato products. The Western states account for almost two-thirds of the total U.S potato
production, with Idaho and Washington as the leading producers of potatoes. However,
production levels can be impacted by pectolyic bacteria in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) causing
diseases such as blackleg, aerial stem rot and soft rot of tubers. The pectolytic bacteria
responsible are classified numerous species. Three potentially important species for the PNW
include: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum and
Pectobacterium wasbiae. In this project, a collection of 137 isolates of pectolytic bacteria from
isolated from symptomatic potatoes grown in Washington were characterized to determine their
identity. Each strain was placed on CVP media and incubated at 37°C to confirm they were
pectolytic. PCR amplification of regions of the 16S rDNA, acnA, and mdh were sequenced.
Identification of each strain was determined by comparison to known genes in Genebank using
the Blast algorithm as well as phylogenetic analyses of concatenated acnA and mdh sequences to
confirm these identifications. This work was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P14. Ivey, Amber
Fort Valley State University
David Shapiro, USDA, Byron
Characterization of temperature tolerance in Heterohabditis floridensis.
Entomopathogenic nematodes are used as environmentally friendly bio-insecticides. Discovery
of new nematode species can lead the improve biological control. Thus it is important to
characterize the biocontrol potential of newly discovered species. In this study we will
characterize biocontrol traits in the recently discovered Heterorhabditis floridensis (K22) .We
compared the K22 strain to the other of H. floridensis ( strain F332) along with a number of
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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other nematode strains. A temperature tolerance test (at temperatures of 10, 13, 17, 25, 30, and
35°C) was performed to determine the rate at which the nematode can infect and reproduce
inside a host, along with a virulence test to determine mortality rates of the nematode strains.
Temperature data showed that both H. floridensis strains yielded results that were similar or
better than that of S. riobrave, the most heat tolerant of the commercialized species.
P15. Jefferson, Dana
Fort Valley State University
Religion Reigning in Theater: The Yoruba’s Presence in Crowns
Regina Taylor‟s gospel musical,"Crowns," demonstrates the transference of the traditions of
Yoruba, a cultural region that is mostly traceable to southwestern Nigeria. Yoruba practices are
recognizable through concepts present in the theater piece. This is primarily surfaced as the
female characters identify their hat adornments as “crowns,” and it also shows through certain
rituals of African American churchgoing experiences. It is more artistically displayed with the
entire cast belting gospel songs that have traveled avenues of music associated with African
Americans‟ testing experiences, which are effects of the African diaspora. Underneath the
varying textures of the representations, the religious practices of the Yoruba include the
significance of Orishas, or deities. This study examines the origins of the Yoruba deities as they
relate to Southern African American Christian communal worship. The characters in Crowns are
associated with certain personalities that are driven by the Orishas, and these reveal the
correlation between genders within communal activities. Taylor‟s characters represent these
Orishas: Yolanda (Ogun), Mother Elsie Shaw (Obatala), Preacher/Man (Elegba), Jeanette
(Yemaya), Velma (Oya), Mabel (Shango) and Wanda (Oshun). Through both separate and
grouped concepts, the Orishas focus attention on the history of African American religious
rituals and their ancient mythological relevance.
P16. Jenkins, Andre
Fort Valley State University
The Process of Game Development in JAVA
Playing video games has been a popular trend for the past 30 years, and as computer scientist
knowing how to program and develop code is essential in order to produce the best possible
software. Developing code can be difficult if the developer is unaware of where to start. This is
usually why programming is considered such a hard area. This presentation will be informative
for those interested in software development. Future software developers will have a clear
understanding of where and how to start their programming projects, while focusing on how GUI
components work hand and hand to develop interfaces. Upon completion of this presentation
future developers will be able to successfully understand and develop their own game software.
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P17. Johnson, Raven
Fort Valley State University
Robert Steele, Fort Valley State University
Kidney Failure: Dialysis and Blood Type
Studies have shown that there is a critical link between blood type and aging-specifically, there is
a correlation between the agglutinating action of lectins with the biggest physiological
associations dealing with aging, kidney failure and brain deterioration. As we age, we
experience a gradual drop in the kidney‟s ability to filter waste from the blood. Therefore, by the
time the average person reaches age seventy-five, his or her kidneys are operating at about 30
percent of their capacity. The intent of this study was to develop a questionnaire and collect data
from an intact group of dialysis patrons in order to test the following hypotheses: 1. There is no
significant difference in the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “O” when
compared with the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “A”, “B”, or “AB”. 2.
There is no significant difference in the number of female patrons being dialyzed when
compared with the number of male patrons being dialyzed. 3. There is no significant difference
in the knowledge level of males about the dialyzing process when compared to the knowledge
level of females. The dialysis questionnaires were presented and collected from 85 patrons. The
results were inconclusive but several pieces of data indicated that the females were more
knowledgeable than the males about the dialyzing process. Moreover, the dialyzing and the
percentage of patrons being dialyzed reflected the percentage of patrons in the general
population with the various blood types in the United States with the distribution of Type O-
46%; Type A-27%; Type B-20%; and Type AB-7%.
P18. Jones, Tarah
Fort Valley State University
Autism- Animal Adventure
This tri-board covers the definition and strategies that teachers and parents can use to alleviate
the signs and symptoms of autism or (autistic spectrum disorder. According to the U.S. National
Library of Medicine (2013), "Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years
of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills". This
presentation suggests that matching, bright colors, and scheduling are best for autistic students. It
will also give suggestions to parents about things that could do at home for their autistic child to
control inappropriate social interaction, communication, and concentration in the form of a
handout. Autism is one of the special education disability categories. This tri-board will bring
parents and educators, so they can find the best strategies to work with their child. The hallmarks
of autism repetitive back and forth movement with an obsession with a schedule. An early,
FORT VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH DAY 2012
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intensive, appropriate treatment program will greatly improve the outlook for most young
children with autism. Most programs will build on the interests of the child in a highly structured
schedule of constructive activities. Visual aids are often helpful". (U.S.National Library of
Medicine, 2012 Autism is a very much a disorder that affects a lot of children. This tri-board
could bring ways to cope with autism to the forefront.
P19. Kirksey, Autumn
Fort Valley State University
Preparing Our Middle Graders to be College Ready
In the world of tomorrow, we want students of all ages to be excited for college, and to be very
prepared for college. Observing students and teachers in my field experience, I found it
interesting how schools showed different ways of preparing our Middle Graders for College.
Although it is important to have a high amount of Incoming Freshman for Hundreds of Colleges
and Universities, we need to find ways to retain our future Freshman, and try to find ways to for
them not to feel overwhelmed. I feel that it is important that we find more ways to help prepare
our students by searching for scholarships, extracurricular activities, things that many of us were
not aware of when we were in Middle School. Our Nation wants our students to succeed, with
less debt and more ambition. Let's find out ways we can make it happen.
P20. Legrant, Brittany
Fort Valley State University
Nathan Tarlyn, Amit Dhingra, Kate Evans,Washington State University
Optimizing In vitro Culture of Vitis vinifera Varieties
The goal of this research was to develop a protocol for surface sterilization to reduce the amount
of contamination and test optimal media for growing standard grape varieties in tissue culture.
Availability of this procedure is an important first step toward enabling reverse genetics
approaches for understanding grape gene function through transformation. Materials used for this
research was the standard variety Vitis vinifera „Chardonnay‟ and the dwarf variety Vitis vinifera
„Pixie‟. Pixie was developed from the standard variety Pinot Meunier and is considered to be a
potential research model for all varieties of V. vinifera. To identify the optimal growth media,
each variety was grown in two different medias with three different concentrations of agar.
However, a significant amount of the treatments were contaminated, making it difficult to assess
the success of the media.Therefore, efforts were directed to develop the protocol for surface
sterilization. The explants were subjected to three different treatments: 1) a 25% bleach solution;
2) a mercuric chloride solution; and 3) a combination treatment where the container with plant
material and 25% bleach solution was submerged in a sonicator. Percentages of contamination
for each treatment included 1) bleach – 59% contaminated; 2) mercuric chloride – 24%; 3)
bleach and sonicator – 17%. Significant improvement in surface sterilization protocol will
contribute to further research on grape regeneration and transformation. Optimizing the surface
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sterilization protocol and subsequently the media will allow in vitro culturing of grape varieties
for future research. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P21. Norris, Ashley
Fort Valley State University
Ayalew Ligaba Michael, Bertrand Hankoua, Advisors, Delaware State University
Production of Recombinant Thermostable Pyrococcus furiosus Alpha-amylase in E. coli for
Starch Hydrolysis
Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic
bonds. Highly thermostable enzymes obtained from hyperthermophilic microorganisms such as
archeal Pyrococcus furiosus hold great significance in industrial starch liquefaction and
saccharification. Gene sequence coding for microorganism α-amylase has been previously
isolated the University of Georgia. However, recombinant α-amylase has not been produced in
E. coli to characterize the properties of the enzyme for further utilization in developing
transgenic bio-ethanol feedstock such as cassava with self-processing starch. Development of
starch with self-processing characteristics via recombinant DNA technologies will help eliminate
the cost of adding commercial microbial starch-processing enzymes during bio-ethanol
production. In this study, P. furiosus a-amylase gene was amplified from Pyrococcus furiosus
genomic DNA and cloned into a protein expression vector (pET-24a (+), Promega) in frame with
the polyhistdine tag. The resulting expression vector was transformed into E. coli DH5α then
purified for sequencing. Vector containing the authentic P. furiosus a-amylase gene sequence
was used to transform BL3 E. coli cells for protein extraction. The recombinant a-amylase
protein was purified on Ni-NTA His binding columns loaded with HIS binding resins. The
activity of the purified protein in hydrolyzing starch from corn, potato and cassava was
characterized based on final glucose yield using the Glucose Peroxidase Assay. The outcome of
this research will provide a foundation for future research in the lab aimed at enhancing starch
self-processing ability of bioenergy crops such as cassava. This study was supported, in part, by
the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P22. Parmer, Ashley
Fort Valley State University
Wayne Riekhof, Advisor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Natural Variations of Fatty Acid Composition in the Model Green Alga Chlamydomonas
reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a biochemical and genetic model organism which has been used
extensively to study photosynthesis, flagellar motility, and recently, lipid metabolism. In this
work, the neutral lipid accumulation properties and fatty acid composition of standard laboratory
strains and wild strains were obtained from Chlamydomonas genetic stock center at the
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University of Minnesota. Additionally, wild Chlamydomonas-like algae were isolated by single
colony purification from water and soil samples collected from various locations around the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The wild strains and lab strains were cultured and compared to
other true Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains using lipid extraction, separation by several
chromatographic methods, and fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography. Extracting and
analyzing the lipids from these strains showed that the C. reinhardtii strains have variations in the
contents of triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of these strains were identified and
quantified by gas chromatography. Strains from the genetic stock center and the strains isolated
from around UNL produced varying amounts of the fatty acids (carbons: double bonds)16:0,
16:1, 16:2, 16:3, 16:4, 18:0, 18:1 18:2, 18:3 and 18:4. This study shows that there are natural
variations in triglyceride content and fatty acid composition in the model green alga
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP
Grant.
P23. Regis, Kenny
Fort Valley State University
James Tanyi, Advisor, Oregon Health Sciences University
Investigating Chest Wall Toxicity in SBRT Treatment for NSCLC
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is now a well-established modality for the treatment
of early stage, inoperable, non-small-cell lung cancer. While lung SBRT is generally well
tolerated, concerns nonetheless persist regarding untoward late effects such as fatigue,
pulmonary toxicity, and brachial plexopathy. Normal tissue complication concerns are even
more bolstered by reports of increased frequency of rib fracture and chest wall pain post SBRT
of peripherally located lung lesions. A number of recent studies have reported total dose,
different fractionation schemes, and volume of the chest wall as crucial indices for chest wall
(CW) pain. In this study, we utilized an available data set to present a comprehensive dosimetric
analysis of chest wall toxicity for intensity-modulated radiation (IMRT) of peripheral lesions
(distance ≤1.0 cm from CW) as a function of tumor size, beam number and patient
circumference at the centroid of the tumor. From our analysis, we identify the number and
arrangement of beams needed in order to minimize patient risk of developing CW pain.
P24. Scott, Jasmine
Fort Valley State University
Nathan Tarlyn, Amit Dhingra, Kate Evans, Advisors, Washington State University
Time Travel with Apples: Accelerating Breeding using Biotechnology
Apple seedlings take five to seven years to flower and fruit. Being able to shorten the time to
flower will accelerate breeding and allow faster evaluation of fruit characteristics. Genetic
modification can be employed to induce early flowering in apple that will effectively reduce the
generation time. To facilitate the application of biotechnological approaches in apple, it is
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important to have methods for in vitro manipulation. The domestic apple variety 'Royal Gala'
was used as a model to establish and confirm the reliability of a previously described
agrobacterium transformation protocol. Also, explants from elite selections derived from crosses
in apple were collected from the WSU Apple Breeding Program in Wenatchee, WA. These
explants were surface sterilized and aseptic cultures were established to establish a source of
plant material for future transformation experiments. By employing a reliable transformation
protocol genes to induce early flowering can be introduced into elite selections which will reduce
generation time. Pollen from these transgenic intermediates can be used for subsequent crosses
and once the desired genotypic constitution is achieved, the transgene can be segregated out
leaving a non-transgenic selection. This will ultimately shorten the time for development of
desirable apple varieties. This study was supported, in part, by the NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P25. Stegall, Wendy
Fort Valley State University
Pooja Santapuram, Sinilal Bhaskaran, Chandrakanth Emani, Shivendra Sahi, Advisord, Western
Kentucky University
Testing the Efficacy of Monocot and Viral-derived Promoters using Green Fluorescent
Protein Reporter Gene in Transgenic
The success of plant genetic engineering or plant genetic transformation is dependent on stable
integration, desired level of expression, and predictable inheritance of the introduced transgenes.
In majority of the genetic transformation protocols, the cauliflower mosaic virus-derived CaMV
35S promoter has been widely used as a promoter in transformation vector constructs owing to
its property of constitutive expression that enables it to express in all parts of the plant system.
Plant derived promoters have also been used in genetic transformation, but there are very few
reports of testing their efficacy across plant species to compare their efficiency with the 35s
promoter. The present study compares the efficiency of the 35s promoter with a monocot plant
derived maize ubiquitin promoter in transforming a dicot plant, tobacco utilizing the jelly fish
green fluorescent protein gene as the reporter system. In conclusion, the GFP gene expression
was observed at cell and whole plant levels in transformed plants indicating the use of the
monocot plant-derived ubiquitin promoter in tobacco, a dicot plant. Results from the study will
contribute towards suggesting the routine usage of plant –derived promoters in generating
transgenic plants. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P26. Sylvain, Britney
Fort Valley State University
Is HTML5 a Better Solution for Mobile Application Development?
Mobile applications are in high demand; everyone wants to be able to enjoy a great web
experience via mobile devices. With all the different devices and operating systems (OS)
available, it is difficult for program developers to effectively design cross-platform solutions that
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can be used by multiple types of devices. HTML 5 is a possible solution to bridge this gap.
HTML 5 is still fairly new and like any technology there are pros and cons. To evaluate the
efficiency of web based mobile applications verses native based applications one must analyze
HTML 5 and explore, analyze, develop, and test different web based solutions. There are
multiple web-based solutions, but in this research the Sencha Touch framework is tested. Sencha
Touch framework allows programmers to make applications using HTML 5 and Java Script that
can be run on multiple devices. A simple informational application for FVSU Association of
Computer Machinery (ACM) Student Chapter is created and tested on the iPhone running IOS,
Galaxy S 3 and Nexus 7 tablet running Android OS. The framework of the developed application
is robust and it was tested successfully on above mentioned devices. HTML5 provides richer
elements which can produce a better user experience and is more intuitive for developers. Java
Script and HTML5 allows the programming code to be universal so that application can run on
various OS devices.
P27. Turner, Eric
Fort Valley State University
Advisors, Dameon Smith, Shu Sato, James Carson, and Tyrone A. Washington
University of Arkansas, University of South Carolina
IL-6 Deficiency Alters IGF-1 Gene Expression During Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Muscle, when subjected to damaging stimuli, initiates a complex and coordinated regenerative
response. The inflammatory response is critical for skeletal muscle growth to occur. IL-6, an
inflammatory mediator, is up-regulated during skeletal muscle regeneration. The physiological
role of IL-6 during skeletal muscle regeneration is unclear. The purpose of this study is to
determine if skeletal muscle would adapt normally during regeneration from bupivacaine
injection in the absence of IL-6. The methods used in this study consist of: Male C57/BL6 (WT)
and IL-6KO were given bupivacaine inn the left tibialis anterior (TA) and phosphate buffered
saline (PBS) in the right TA. Muscle was extracted 5 days post bupivacaine injection. Findings
of the study reveal that there is no difference in wet weight amongst any of the groups. Five
Days of recovery had no effect of IGF-1 mRNA expression in WT muscle. However, in IL-6KO,
5 days of recovery decreased IGF-1 mRNA expression by 89%. In summary IL-6KO mice had
depressed IGF-1 mRNA expression during muscle regeneration. These results suggest that IL-6
may work by regulating protein synthesis.
P28. Tyrell, Lee
Fort Valley State University
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Studies of Synthetic Cathinones to Predict
Relative Toxicities
Cathinone (Fig.1) is chemically similar to amphetamine. Some synthetic cathinones that have
recently been discovered as recreational drugs are dimethylcathinone, butylone, ethylone,
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ethcathinone, and methylenedioxypyrivalerone. Although some cathinones including 4-
methylmethcathinone have been studied extensively, there are others that have not received the
same amount of attention. The goal of the project is to use quantum chemical descriptors to
predict the toxicity of synthetic cathinones using the method of quantitative structure-activity
relationship. This is done by comparing the descriptor values of previously studied synthetic
cathinones to experimental data. By identifying a correlation between experimentally determined
activities and QM descriptor values, one can predict the activity of compounds that have never
been investigated. The QM methods to be used include DFT‟s B3LYP with a 6-31G(d) basis set.
The present study continues previous work done by the authors by extending the molecular
QSAR development training set.
P29. Wilkerson, Montell
Fort Valley State University
Advisors, Matthew S. Fuller, Richard O. Adeyemi, J. Pintel, University of Missouri – Columbia
Do MVM non-structural Proteins Induce a Cell Cycle Block?
Parvoviruses are small icosahedral viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes that infect many
animal species including humans. Infection of mouse (murine) cells by the parvovirus minute
virus of mice (MVM) causes DNA damage that results in a block to cell cycle progression at a
point prior to mitosis. Knowing that MVM infection causes this halt in the cell cycle, the
question that follows is: what component of this virus creates the block? MVM‟s two most
important proteins, other than the capsid proteins, are NS1 and NS2 (nonstructural protein). Does
NS1 cause the block, or NS2, or a combination of both? Using the pINDUCER lentiviral system
the lab has earlier constructed murine cells that can express NS1, NS2, or both upon induction
using a doxycycline -regulated promoter. By inducing these cells with doxycycline at different
time intervals, one can determine when the proteins are expressed. We have characterized these
cell lines, following induction to determine the kinetics of MVM protein expression, and also the
cell-cycle status following expression in order to determine the role of the MVM nonstructural
proteins in blocking the cell cycle. In conclusion, it was observed that non-structural protein
(NS1) induced a cell block expression in murine cells. This study was supported, in part, by the
FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P30. Williams, Alicia
Fort Valley State University
Sarwan K. Dhir, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Factors Influencing Electroporation-mediated Gene Transfer to Stevia rebaudiana Protoplast
Stevia rebaudiana is used as a sweetener because its leaves are almost 300 times sweeter than
sugar without any negative health effects. In order to develop a high-efficiency transformation
protocol, various factors such as type and concentration of enzymes, concentration of mannitol in
digestion solution, incubation time, and plant material type and age, were studied to obtain a high
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yield of viable protoplasts. The highest yield of viable protoplasts, about 9 × 105 protoplasts g-1
fresh weight and viability 95%, was obtained when protoplasts were digested from three week-
old leaves in vitro with 2% Cellulase Onozuka RS, 1.0% Macerozyme and 0.7% Pectolyase Y-
23, 0.5 M mannitol, 2.5 mM CaCl2.2H2O and 5 mM MES for 4 h in the dark.
P31. Williams, Micah
Fort Valley State University
Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Advisor, Fort Valley State University
Nanorobotics; Prototype Design for a Hybrid Nanorobot using Biological and Mechanical
Machines
With healthcare costs rising every year, patients are paying more out of their own pocket, but
with development of a biological and mechanical hybrid nanorobot, these costs can be brought
down significantly. Nanorobots are reported to be helpful in reducing the cost of healthcare, as
they reduce patient‟s healing time, and side effects from medication along with the curing and
prevention of many diseases. Nanorobots have not been developed yet due to the lack of
technology to build these robots. In this research a prototype design and simulation is developed
for hybrid nanorobot using JAVA micro edition and Eclipse IDE. This prototype provides a
general platform for the control system that can be used to implement different propulsion
systems (e.g. flagellum tail, cilia etc.) and tools (e.g. grip, inject etc.) of a nanorobot. This
prototype can speed-up the design and development of hybrid nanorobot for healthcare
applications, because it uses the biological systems that already exists and combines them with
mechanical systems. This design of prototype may help reduce the design and development of
functional hybrid nanorobots in near future which will in turn help lower the cost of health care.
P32. Williams, Milton
Fort Valley State University
Advisors, Christoph Benning, Bensheng Liu, Michigan State University
Complementation of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Low Oil Mutant Strain
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a species of microalgae used in laboratories as a model organism
for genetic and biochemical studies. Due to its sequenced genome it is an ideal candidate for
genetic manipulation and can provide more information into the use of microalgae as a feed-
stock for bio-diesel. Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a type of lipid which has a higher energy density
compared to ethanol and carbohydrates. It is able to be converted into bio-diesel and can be
introduced directly into engines with little treatment. Studies have shown that under certain
stresses, such as nitrogen deprivation, chlamydomonas accumulates high levels of TAG.
Chlamydomonas strain A10 is a mutant strain with roughly 7K base pairs missing from its
genetic sequence due to the random insertion of plasmids. Three genes are impacted in A10,
leading to a low oil phenotype and a growth rate estimated to be half that of the wild type strain.
Using glass bead transformation, we performed the complementation of 2 mutated genes in A10
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respectively as well as determined lipid phenotypes of the mutant compared to wild type algae.
This study was supported, in part, the FVSU, NSF HBCU-UP Grant.
P33. Williams, Shericka
Advisors, Key‟erra Rozier, Sarwan K. Dhir Fort Valley State University
An Efficient Plant Regeneration Protocol from Hypocotyl and Leaf Explants of Alfalfa
Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) is a flowering legume of the pea family Fabacea. For centuries,
alfalfa has served as forage for cattle and as medicine to heal digestive tract disorders and
arthritis in humans. The development of an efficient plant regeneration system for alfalfa is
essential for the production of large scale planting material and is a precondition for genetic
manipulation. This study investigated direct and indirect formation of somatic embryos in alfalfa.
Direct somatic embryogenesis, which is rather rare, was achieved in culture of 2-week-old
hypocotyl explants on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2, 4-D) and 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mg/l kinetin and/or thidiazuron (TDZ). Initial induction of
embryogenic callus was achieved on MS supplemented with very low concentrations of 2, 4-D
(0.05 mg/l and 0.1 mg/l). Indirect somatic embryogenesis from leaf sections was obtained on MS
supplemented with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/l 2, 4-D. Various stages of somatic embryos (globular, heart,
torpedo, cotyledonary) were examined. More embryos per explant were produced through the
indirect pathway (23-25) than through the direct pathway (14-19). The number of embryos
produced was high. There is potential for recurrent, repeated or secondary somatic
embryogenesis, possibly an unlimited source for mass propagation and ideal for synthetic seed
production in this species. Plant regeneration was achieved on half-strength MS medium without
any hormones. This study was supported, in part, by the FVSU, NSF REU-Site Grant.
Faculty Oral Presentations
O1. Davis, Josephine
Fort Valley State University
Dr. Shadreck Chitsonga, Mr. Samuel Cartwright and Dr. Dawit Aberra
Enhancing Critical Thinking Capability in Pre-Calculus Mathematics
African Americans are underrepresented in careers in Science, Technology, Mathematics and
Engineering (STEM). A major factor contributing to this underrepresentation is their
disproportionately low levels of achievement in pre-calculus mathematics. Because the failure
rates in Precalculus mathematics are high, especially for minority students, such courses are
commonly referred to as “gate-keeping” courses. They preclude many African Americans from
advanced study in STEM disciplines, thus the underrepresentation dilemma. The literature
describes decades of research and reform efforts in mathematics dedicated to eliminate this
achievement gap. Yet, African American students‟ achievement at the pre-calculus level remains
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relatively unchanged, mirroring the primarily “tell and do” Precalculus learning experiences of
most college students.
According to Derek Bok (2006, Princeton University Press), in Our Underachieving Colleges,
students tend to retain information longer when it is acquired through their own mental efforts
with an emphasis on basic, critical thinking skills. While Bok found that college professors
agree that critical thinking is essential to life-long learning, the majority of them do not engage
students in such critical-thinking, learning opportunities. Bok concludes that “Most Arts and
Sciences disciplines have not encountered intellectual pressures strong enough to force
professors to move from conveying large quantities of material to teaching students to reason
about a variety of problems”(p. 126).
This study examined achievement gains among students studying Pre-calculus mathematics in a
learning-centered framework characterized by the infusion of critical - thinking pedagogy. The
logic of precalculus mathematics was used to ascertain the essential reasoning skills students
must master to become expert thinkers in Precalculus courses. Brain theory results were aligned
with learning theory findings. Students engaged in problem solving and academic learning tasks
in adherence to national standards of critical thinking. Results show significant gains were
attained in the precalculus passing rates. Additionally, students reported greater confidence in
their ability to perform mathematics and persist in problem solving. The Collegiate Assessment
of Academic Proficiency was used to measure students‟ cognitive growth compared to national
means. Over the two-year period of implementation of this study, the achievement gap between
African American students at FVSU and the national mean narrowed.
O2. Gross, William
Fort Valley State University
Expressive Dissonance in 20th Century Classical Music
During the first half of a shared performance with Dr. Maisha Akbar (Pettigrew Auditorium), Dr.
Gross will perform the first piano part to George Crumb's piece: "Music for a Summer Evening"
for two amplified pianos and percussion. Dr. Gross performed this piece at the University of
Central Florida in Orlando, March, 2013. He will perform it again in Round Top, Texas o April
13th
. The audience is invited to walk on stage and witness, up close, the theatrical technique
involved in this performance.
O3. Mauzerall, Hope
Fort Valley State University
"Flat vs. Round Thinking and the Relationship to Art"
This artistic study examines two very different ways art enables individuals to think about and
experience the world around them. The traditional approach, referenced as “flat thinking” is
contrasted with“round thinking.” The latter emerges from developments in modernist art.
O4. Paul, Jasmine
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Fort Valley State University
Effect of Organophosphorous Insecticide Phosphamidon (Dimecron) on the Fresh water fish
Sarotherodon mossambicus
Pesticide residues may constitute a significant source of contamination of air, water, soil and
food which could become a threat to the ecosystem. The continual addition of large amounts of
persistent pesticides to the environment has caused great anxiety among many ecologists. The
effects include excessive mortality and reduced reproductive potential in organisms such as birds
and fish, changes in the abundance of species and the diversity of ecosystems. The present work
reports the effect of phosphamidon (Dimecron) a commonly used insecticide against pest control
on the survival and bioaccumulation of the fresh water fish Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters).
Fifty fishes were selected nearly uniform size (950-1 gm weight, size 2.5 to 3 cm) and kept under
sub lethal concentration 2 ppm ( 8 mg in 4 lit ) . The maximum residue level was identified at the
time of 72 hrs and the residue level came down sharply at the 144th hr. Although the persistence
of phosphamidon is less when compared to other organochlorine pesticides like endosulfan and
endrin, it is having toxic effects. In the view of the above findings, it is recommended that low
persistent and high toxic insecticides like phosphamidon have to be used cautiously where paddy
cum fish culture is practiced.
O5. Shakespeare, Teresa
Fort Valley State University
Analysis of Annular Gap Junction Vesicle Formation and Fission
Gap junction plaque disassembly involves an internalization process which results in the
formation of annular gap junction vesicles. These annular gap junction vesicles undergo fissions,
however, the molecular machinery or the benefit of such a process remains to be elucidated.
Dynamin, a large mechanoenzyme, has been previously demonstrated to play a pivotal role in
gap junction plaque internalization. Specifically, dynamin scissors the invaginated gap junction
membrane from the cell surface. To investigate the role of dynamin in annular gap junction
vesicle fissions, dynamin was inhibited in a SW-13 adrenocortical human cell population.
Immunocytochemical localization of connexin and dynamin protein antigen, time-lapse
photography, transmission electron microscopy and computer-assisted imaging with the tracking
component of the Imaris software program were used to analyze annular gap junction vesicle
fissions. Dynamin co-localized with annular gap junction vesicles as well as with gap junction
plaques. With 3D- rotation the accumulation of the dynamin at or near the equatorial region of
the annular gap junction vesicle was demonstrated. In addition, the number of annular gap
junction vesicle fissions per hour was reduced in dynamin inhibited populations compared to the
number of fission events in controls. Fewer annular gap junction vesicles were observed to form
in the dynamin inhibited populations and those that formed were larger than in control
populations. This corresponded to an increase in the number and size (area) of gap junction
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“buds” suspended from the gap junction plaques in dynamin inhibited populations. In control
populations such buds, were frequently observed to be released from the parent membrane to
form annular gap junction vesicles. We believe this to be the first report describing the details of
annular gap junction vesicle fissions and demonstrating a role of dynamin in not only annular
gap junction formation but in the fission process. This information is critical to understanding
gap junction protein trafficking and turnover.
O6. Steele, Robert
Fort Valley State University
Kidney Failure: Dialysis and Blood Type
Studies have shown that there is a critical link between blood type and aging-specifically, there is
a correlation between the agglutinating action of lectins with the biggest physiological
associations dealing with aging, kidney failure and brain deterioration. As we age, we
experience a gradual drop in the kidney‟s ability to filter waste from the blood. Therefore, by the
time the average person reaches age seventy-five, his or her kidneys are operating at about 30
percent of their capacity. The intent of this study was to develop a questionnaire and collect data
from an intact group of dialysis patrons in order to test the following hypotheses: 1. There is no
significant difference in the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “O” when
compared with the number of patrons being dialyzed with blood type “A”, “B”, or “AB”. 2.
There is no significant difference in the number of female patrons being dialyzed when
compared with the number of male patrons being dialyzed. 3. There is no significant difference
in the knowledge level of males about the dialyzing process when compared to the knowledge
level of females. The dialysis questionnaires were presented and collected from 85 patrons. The
results were inconclusive but several pieces of data indicated that the females were more
knowledgeable than the males about the dialyzing process. Moreover, the dialyzing and the
percentage of patrons being dialyzed reflected the percentage of patrons in the general
population with the various blood types in the United States with the distribution of Type O-
46%; Type A-27%; Type B-20%; and Type AB-7%.
O7. Swanier, Cheryl
Fort Valley State University
Virtual Environments for Education: An Empirical Study of Implementing Education into 3D
Video Games and Applications
The purpose of this research is to address the need of increasing student achievement in
mathematics through virtual environments. The primary focus is to create an environment where
students in K-12 education can develop mathematical simulations while learning a visual
programming language at the same time. Furthermore, the study of visual programming tools as
a means to increase student achievement in mathematics could possibly generate interests within
the computer-supported collaborative learning community. According to Jerome Bruner in
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Children Learn By Doing, “true learning is figuring out how to use what you already know in
order to go beyond what you already think,” (Kay, 2007, p.1). This research will focus on the
following: 1) computer supported collaborative work; 2) virtual environments; 3) learning
environments; 4) virtual education; and 5) visual programming.
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RESEARCH DAY COMMITTEE
Dr. Cheryl Swanier, Chair
Dr. Maisha Akbar, Co-Chair
Mr. Edward Boston Dr. Ya-Hui Cheng Dr. Sherry Crocker
Dr. Josephine Davis Mrs. Seema Dhir Mrs. Vicki Dubriel Dr. Franklin Gross
Ms. Christine Milton Ms. Shonda Lewis Dr. Frederick McLaughlin Ms. Shaundra Walker
Ex-Officio
Dr. Danielle Gray-Singh
Dr. Ian Toppin
Greeters
Fort Valley State University Association for Computing Machinery
Oluwagbemiga Ademola-Dada Blake Carter Mia Cornish Eric Durrant
Lyndon Habersham Jr.
Lauren Johnson Cross Mayes Daniel Pierre
Lateefah Stanely
Acknowledgements We owe a special debt of gratitude to the C.W. Pettigrew Center Staff. We owe a special thanks to our panelists:
Dr. Cheryl Seals, Auburn University and Dr. Franklin West, University of Georgia. We also thank Dr. Larry D. Rivers, FVSU President.
Sponsored By: The Center for Enhancing Critical Thinking
Sodexo
Office of the President, President Larry D. Rivers
The Pettigrew Center
College of Agriculture
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