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TRANSCRIPT
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
NUCLEUS
Cell Membrane
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
Start Codon
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
RNA Polymerase
STOP
RNA Polymerase binds to DNA and unwinds it.
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
Coding Region
STOP
RNA Polymerase binds to promoter region of DNA
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
STOP
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
A U G C A U C G A
STOP
RNA Polymerase reads DNA and creates RNA
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C
STOP
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C
STOP
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U
STOP
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C G T A
Promoter Region
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G C A U
STOP
A T G C A T C G A T A G G C A T C C A T C G A T A G G C A T
T A C G T A G C T A T C C G T A G G T A G C T A T C C A C T
Promoter Region
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
STOP
RNA Polymerase hits stop codon and releases mRNA
NUCLEUS
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
CYTOPLASMmRNA
NUCLEUS
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
CYTOPLASMmRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm
NUCLEUS
Cell Cytoplasm
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
NUCLEUS
Cell Cytoplasm
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C
A U C C A U C G A U A G G U
G A
NUCLEUS
Cell CytoplasmA U
G C A U
C G A U
A G G
C
A U C C A U
C G A U
A G G
U
G A
NUCLEUS
Cell Cytoplasm
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C
A U C C A U C G A U A G G U
G A
NUCLEUS
Cell Cytoplasm
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C
A U C C A U C G A U A G G U
G A
NUCLEUS
Cell Cytoplasm
A U
G
C A
U C
G A
U A
G G
C
A U
C C
A U
C G
A U
A G
G U
G A
NUCLEUS
Cell Cytoplasm
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
mRNA Strand
NUCLEUS
Cytoplasm
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
RIBOSOME
rRNA forms ribosome
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
mRNA Strand
mRNA binds to the ribosome and starts to read.
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
tRNA proof read mRNA and transforms amino acids
Anti-Codon
Amino AcidMET
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
Amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bonds
Peptide Bonds
MET His Arg
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G U A A
U A C G U A G C U A U C A A U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G G C A
U A C G U A G C U A U C C G U
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME
A U G C A U C G A U A G U A A
U A C G U A G C U A U C A U U
STOP
Ribosome hits stop codon and completes protein
MET His Arg Trp STOP
RIBOSOME mRNA Strand
mRNA binds to the ribosome and starts to read.
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
RIBOSOME
tRNA proof read mRNA and transforms amino acids
Anti-Codon
Amino AcidSER
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
RIBOSOME
IIe
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER IIe
RIBOSOME
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER IIe
RIBOSOME
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER IIe
RIBOSOME
IIe
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
Amino acids attached to tRNA bind with peptide bonds
Peptide Bonds
IIe Asp
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
RIBOSOME
STOP
Ribosome hits stop codon and completes protein
IIe Asp Arg STOP
U C C A U C G A U A G G U G A
A G G U A G C U A U C C A C U
SER
Amino Acids form Protein
HisArg Trp
STOPMet
SER
IIe Asp Arg
STOP
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