embedded system design - lectu
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EN318
Embedded System Design andAdvanced Digital Systems Design
Dr. Ong Sze Wei
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EN318
Semester 1: Embedded System Design Microcontrollers
Software Development for Microcontrollers
Semester2: Advanced Digital System Design Finite State Machine (FSM)
Hardware Description Languages
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What is an Embedded System?
Computing systems embedded within electronicdevices
Hard to define
Nearly any computing system other than a desktopcomputer
A computer that is a component in a larger system,and is not visible as a computer to a user of thatsystem.
A programmable component of subsystem providingsome intelligence functions to the system of which itis a part.
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What is an Embedded System?
A microcontroller based system. Built into a device to control a function or a range of functions.
Not designed to be programmed by the end-user (like a PC).
Executes an in-built single program repeatedly.
Tight coupling between hardware and software.
Designed to work in highly constrained environments.
Low cost, low power, small, fast, etc.
Reactive and real-time
Continually reacts to changes in the systems environment
Must compute certain results in real-time without delay
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Embedded Systems
Key points: Embedded systems have rigidly defined operational
bounds
Not general purpose computers (PC
, Unixworkstation)
Billions of units produced yearly vs millions of
desktop units
Perhaps 50 per household and per automobile
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Embedded Systems
Automotive systems Airplanes
Toys
Medical Devices
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Example Embedded Systems
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ES Example - Digital Camera
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Embedded System Design
Design goal:Construct an implementation with desired
functionality
Key design challenge: Simultaneously optimize numerous design metrics
Design metric:
A measurable feature of a systems implementation Optimizing design metrics is a key challenge
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Common Design Metrics
Unit cost: the monetary cost of manufacturing each copyof the system, excluding NRE cost
NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost): The one-
time monetary cost of designing the system
Size: the physical space required by the system
Performance: the execution time or throughput of the
system
Power: the amount of power consumed by the system Flexibility: the ability to change the functionality of the
system without incurring heavy NRE cost
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Common Design Metrics
Time-to-prototype: the time needed to build aworking version of the system
Time-to-market: the time required to develop a
system to the point that it can be released andsold to customers
Maintainability: the ability to modify the system
after its initial release
Correctness, safety and many more
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Key Design Metrics
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Time to Market
Time required to develop a product to the point itcan be sold to customers
Market window - Period during which the
product would have highest sales Delays can be costly
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NRE and Unit Cost Metrics
Costs: NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost): The
one-time monetary
Cost of designing the system
Unit cost: the monetary cost of manufacturing each
copy of the system, excluding NRE cost
Total cost = NRE cost + unit cost * # of units
Per-product cost = Total cost / # of units
= (NRE cost / # of units) + unit cost
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Exercise
NRE=$2000, unit=$100 10 units were sold
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Exercise
NRE=$2000, unit=$100 For 10 units:
Total cost = $2000 + 10*$100 = $3000
Per-product cost = $2000/10 + $100 = $300 Amortizing NRE cost over the units results in an
additional $200 per unit
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What is a Microcontroller?
Microcontroller contains a microprocessor withadditional peripheral devices integrated into a
single package
Peripheral devices may include: Serial ports (COM), Parallel (Ports), Ethernet ports,
A/D & D/A
Interval timers, watchdog timers, event
counter/timers, real time clock
Other local processors (DSP, numeric coprocessor,
peripheral controller)
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Microcontroller Example
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Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller
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Microcontroller Market
Shipments- > 16Billion in 2000, 8 bit > 1/2market
Major Players:
Microchip 16Fxx Intel 8051
Motorola MC68HCxx
National COP800
SGS/Thomson ST62
Zilog Z86Cxx
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Shipments
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 20000
5000
10000
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Worldwide Microcontroller Shipments in Millions of Dollars
4-bit8-bit
16-bit
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Programming Languages
ASM Low level
Full Control
BASIC, Forth, LOGO
Interpreted
Easy to use
Slow
C Most widely used
HiTech C
Microchip C
CCS PICC
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What you need MPLAB IDE
Programmers text editor
MPLAB SIM, high speed software simulator for PICmicro and dsPIC MCUs withperipheral simulation, complex stimulus injection and register logging
Full featured debugger
Graphical project manager
Visual Device Initializer (VDI) to set up complex peripherals with a graphical
point-and-click method Version control support for MS Source Safe, CVS, PVCS, Subversion
MPASM macro assembler with MPLINK linker and MPLIB librarian
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, MPLAB LINK30 and Utilities for PIC24 anddsPIC devices
PROCMD command line programmer for MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE II
Visual PROCMD for simplified GUI control of MPLAB
PM3
and PR
O MAT
EII
CCS PCB CCompiler
Many Powerful Plug-ins: AN851 Bootloader programmer, AN901 BLDC MotorControl Interface, AN908 ACIM Tuning Interface, KeeLoq, Data Monitor andControl, CMX Scheduler and RTOS viewer
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What is the Process ?
1. Write you program in MPLAB IDE C or ASM
2. Compile your program
CCS CCompiler
3. Transfer your program
Puts HEX file into the PIC
Use PICSTART and MPLAB
B
urns your app into the PIC
4. Insert your PIC
5. Power it Up
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What is the Process ?
6. Debug your program Never works a the first time
7. Repeat step 1
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