egypt. ruth, claudia i maria

Location/Map/Capital• Egypt is a country in north-eastern Africa, is bordered by the

Mediterranean Sea, Israel and the Red Sea, Sudan and Libya.• Capital city: Cairo.

Flag/National anthem/ Official/Language/Curre

ncy• Official language: Arabic• Currency: Egyptian pound.

Geography• It possesses a land Bridge between Africa and Asia.• The principal geographic feature is the Nile River. The majority of

Egypt is a desert. The winds blowing can create sand dunes.

• Egypt includes parts of the Sahara desert and the Lybian desert.

• Important towns and cities: -Alexandria -Aswan -Cairo -Port Said -Suez …

Climate• Egypt’s climate is arid, with hot summers and warm winters.

• Every year, a predictable flooding of the Nile happens. This gives the country consistent harvest throughout the year. Many know this event as The Gift of the Nile.

WINTER SUMMER

Politics• Governement: Republic• Prime minister: Ahmed Nazif• President of the republic: Mohamed Hosni Mubarak

Ahmed Nazif Mohamed Hosni

Economy (Industry, resources…)

• Egypt possesses one of the most developed economies in the Middle East.

• Egypt’s economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, and tourism.

ReligionThe Egyptian legal system only recognizes three religions:• Islam ( official religion )• Christianity• Judaism

Culture• ARCHITECTURE:

Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East.

·The Pyramid of Khafre

· The temple of Abu Simbel

· The Valley of the Kings.

... • Modern contemporary Egyptian art is diverse.

PAINTING: The themes included the journey through the afterworld. Frontalism- strict rules.-The head of the character was always drawn in profile, while the body is seen from the front. Techniques-Every figure in paintings, stands or sits with a formal, and rigid posture. The faces are calm and serene.-Slaves and animals were painted more natural and relaxed.- Men’s skin was colored red while women’s was yellow.

•SCULPTURE

The Egyptian sculpture represented the Egyptian gods and Pharaohs. Egyptian had very strict conventions.

The materials used by the Egyptians sculptors were: clay, wood, metal, ivory and stone.

Important sculptor:

Mahmoud Mokhtar

•LITERATURE

-Hymns to the gods

-Mythological and magical texts

-Mortuary texts

-Biographical and historical texts

-Scientific premises

The ancient Egyptians wrote works on papyrus as well as walls, tombs, pyramids, ovelisks and more.

Naguib Mahfouz

Nawal El Saadawi

Book by Alifa

Rifaat

PhilosophySome Egyptian philosophers are:

• Hassan Hanafi • Abdel Wahab Elmessiri• Plotinous• Ihab Hassan

Hassan Hanafi

Abdel Wahab

Elmessiri

Plotinus

Ihab Hassan

ScienceScientific Developments in Ancien Egypt:

-Agriculture: Advanced irrigation.

-Medicine: It was highly advanced.

-Imhotep: He was the first engineer architect and physician in the Egyptian history.Other physicians were Hesy-Ra

and Merit.

Music, cinema and theatre

Egyptian music is a mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements.

In antiquity, Egyptians played harps and flutes, including two indigenous instruments: The vey and the oud.

Famous Egyptian pop singers are:

Amr DiabMohamed Mounir

Education• The basic education stage for 4-14 years old.• Then, the secondary school stage is for 3 years, for ages

15 to 17, followed by the tertiary level.• Education is compulsary for 9 academic year between

the ages of 6 and 14.

Folklore and traditions

• Egypt is famous for its many festivals and religious carnivals.

• Ramadan has a special flavor in Egypt.

Sports

• Popular sports:

- Football

- Squash

- Tennis

- HandballEgyptian handball

Egyptian squash

Cuisine• Egyptian cuisine makes heavy use of legumes and

vegetables.- Kofta- Kebab- Mahshi

Bread forms the backbone of Egyptian cuisine.

Tea is the national drink.

2nA

- Ruth Calleja - Claudia Lozano - Maria López