digestion imunisation kidney
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Lecture 15
BIOL L100Indiana University Southeast
David Partin, Instructor
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Todays Plan:
Announcements/Questions
Lecture 15: Physiology overview(immunity, digestion, urination, support &
locomotion)
One Minute paper
Lab: Dissection!
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Layout of the Lymphatic System
Path of lymph?
Where are lymphocytesmade?
What are lymph nodes?
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Part I
Chapter 35:
Immune System
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Tissues of the Immune System
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The Immune Response
1
2
3
4
5
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B lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow and mature in lymph nodes.
Definitions: antigen vs antibody
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T lymphocytes are madeand mature in the thymus.
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T cells puncture target cells, causing damage to their cell membranes andeventually death of the target cell.
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ABO blood antigens: your plasma containsno antibodies against the antigens foundon your blood cells.
Rh + or - ??
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The same
principleapplies torejectedorgantransplantsand blood
transfusions.
Moms immune system recognizes
that these cells are not like hers, sothe babys blood cells are attacked.
Example of the immune system gonewrong
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Part II
Chapter 36:
Digestive System
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Digestive System
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peristalsis
Breathing orswallowing, butnot at the same
time...
Digestion begins inthe mouth:amylase breaksdown starch
(carbohydrates).
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made up of gastricglands
coated with mucusproduces acid (killsmost bacteria)
Enzymes breakdown protein
Stomach
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Large intestine
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Nutrients enter the bloodstream
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Other organs of the digestive system
Liver Bile production assists in fat, carbohydrate and
protein digestion
Monitors blood immediately after digestion Gall bladder
Holds livers bile and releases into theduodenum
Pancreas Secretes juices into duodenum that assist in
digesting fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
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Need a break?
Thanks for your attention!
Take 10 minutes.
Whats next?
Urinary system
Locomotion & Support
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Part III
Chapter 38:
Urinary System
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Urinary system
Very importantfor themaintenance ofhomeostasis
1- Fluidregulation(hydration &blood pressure)
2- rids body ofwaste
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Kidney structure
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Bowmans capsule-
Glomerulus-
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Kidney structure
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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of blood pressure regulation
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Part IV
Chapter 41:
Musculoskeletal System
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The Human Skeletal System
The skeleton supports and protects thebody.
The skeleton also allows for flexiblemovements.
Bones serve as storage units for calcium
and phosphate. Blood cells are produced in some bones.
Calcium & phosphate are stored in a solid
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Important cells inbone formation:
-osteoblasts:immature cells.
-osteocytes:mature bone-producing cells.
-osteoclasts:mature bone-
degrading cells.
Calcium & phosphate are stored in a solidform (bone) by osteocytes.
When low levels of free calcium orphosphate are detected in the blood,osteoclasts break down bone and release
these minerals into the bloodstream.
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The Human Muscular System
There are 3 main types of muscle cells:
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
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Muscle cell = muscle fiber =myoctye
Myofibril = bundleof contractileproteins
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Step 1- An action potential causes
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the motor neuron to dump itssynaptic vesicles into the synapticcleft.
Step 2- Neurotransmitters from thesynaptic vesicles bind to receptorson the muscle cell membrane,opening Na+ channels.
Step 3- The charge inside themuscle cell changes because of allthe Na+ rushing in. SR releases
stored Ca+ which helps actin &myosin to form cross bridges.
Step 4- K+ rushes out of the musclecell to help bring the charge back tonormal. SR stops releasing Ca+
because charge is normal again.
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Need a break?
Thanks for your attention!
Take 10 minutes.
Whats next?
1-minute paper
Lab
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Preparation for Lecture 16
Read Ch 39 (starting with human nervoussystem on page 699)
Ch. 40: pages 720-21, 723-26, 728-30
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