digestion imunisation kidney

7/31/2019 Digestion Imunisation Kidney

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Lecture 15

BIOL L100Indiana University Southeast

David Partin, Instructor


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Todays Plan:

Announcements/Questions

Lecture 15: Physiology overview(immunity, digestion, urination, support &

locomotion)

One Minute paper

Lab: Dissection!


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Layout of the Lymphatic System

Path of lymph?

Where are lymphocytesmade?

What are lymph nodes?


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Part I

Chapter 35:

Immune System


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Tissues of the Immune System


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The Immune Response

1

2

3

4

5


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B lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow and mature in lymph nodes.

Definitions: antigen vs antibody


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T lymphocytes are madeand mature in the thymus.


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T cells puncture target cells, causing damage to their cell membranes andeventually death of the target cell.


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ABO blood antigens: your plasma containsno antibodies against the antigens foundon your blood cells.

Rh + or - ??


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The same

principleapplies torejectedorgantransplantsand blood

transfusions.

Moms immune system recognizes

that these cells are not like hers, sothe babys blood cells are attacked.

Example of the immune system gonewrong


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Part II

Chapter 36:

Digestive System


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Digestive System


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peristalsis

Breathing orswallowing, butnot at the same

time...

Digestion begins inthe mouth:amylase breaksdown starch

(carbohydrates).


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made up of gastricglands

coated with mucusproduces acid (killsmost bacteria)

Enzymes breakdown protein

Stomach


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Large intestine


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Nutrients enter the bloodstream


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Other organs of the digestive system

Liver Bile production assists in fat, carbohydrate and

protein digestion

Monitors blood immediately after digestion Gall bladder

Holds livers bile and releases into theduodenum

Pancreas Secretes juices into duodenum that assist in

digesting fats, carbohydrates and proteins.


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Need a break?

Thanks for your attention!

Take 10 minutes.

Whats next?

Urinary system

Locomotion & Support


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Part III

Chapter 38:

Urinary System


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Urinary system

Very importantfor themaintenance ofhomeostasis

1- Fluidregulation(hydration &blood pressure)

2- rids body ofwaste


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Kidney structure


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Bowmans capsule-

Glomerulus-


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Kidney structure


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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system of blood pressure regulation


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Part IV

Chapter 41:

Musculoskeletal System


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The Human Skeletal System

The skeleton supports and protects thebody.

The skeleton also allows for flexiblemovements.

Bones serve as storage units for calcium

and phosphate. Blood cells are produced in some bones.

Calcium & phosphate are stored in a solid


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Important cells inbone formation:

-osteoblasts:immature cells.

-osteocytes:mature bone-producing cells.

-osteoclasts:mature bone-

degrading cells.

Calcium & phosphate are stored in a solidform (bone) by osteocytes.

When low levels of free calcium orphosphate are detected in the blood,osteoclasts break down bone and release

these minerals into the bloodstream.


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The Human Muscular System

There are 3 main types of muscle cells:

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac


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Muscle cell = muscle fiber =myoctye

Myofibril = bundleof contractileproteins


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Step 1- An action potential causes


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the motor neuron to dump itssynaptic vesicles into the synapticcleft.

Step 2- Neurotransmitters from thesynaptic vesicles bind to receptorson the muscle cell membrane,opening Na+ channels.

Step 3- The charge inside themuscle cell changes because of allthe Na+ rushing in. SR releases

stored Ca+ which helps actin &myosin to form cross bridges.

Step 4- K+ rushes out of the musclecell to help bring the charge back tonormal. SR stops releasing Ca+

because charge is normal again.


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Need a break?

Thanks for your attention!

Take 10 minutes.

Whats next?

1-minute paper

Lab


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Preparation for Lecture 16

Read Ch 39 (starting with human nervoussystem on page 699)

Ch. 40: pages 720-21, 723-26, 728-30

digestion imunisation kidney

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