culture

INDIA“The Ancient, The eternal & the Ever New”

By:-Ajay Kumar BansalUndergraduate StudentDepartment of Civil EngineeringI.I.T.Roorkee-247667India

LAND OF BUDDHA & GANDHI

•Truth

•Non-Violence

•Humanity

•Compassion

आहि�न्सा� परमो� धमो :2nd oct. On Birthday of Mahatma Gandhi-International Non- Violence Day

Largest Democracy of World

• Elections Held every 5 years• 6 National Parties• Numerous regional Parties• All persons above age of 18 years eligible to cast their vote.

Interesting Co-incidenceWe have at present:-• A Woman as President• A Muslim as Vice President• A Sikh as Prime Minister

Major Religion is Hinduism(80%)

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS & DUTIES

Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to freedom of Religion Cultural & Educational Right Right to Constitutional Remedies Right to information

Various Fundamental Duties have also been listed out in the Constitution for the citizens to respect the national symbols of India, including the Constitution, to cherish its heritage, preserve its culture and assist in its defence.

HISTORY OF INDIA

History goes back atleast 5000 years.

Earliest Civilisation on Earth-Indus Valley Civilisation.

Achieved independence from British Rule on 15th August 1947.

Became a Republic on 26th January 1950.

Mahatma Gandhi

Father of the Nation. Emphasised on Truth & Non Violence. We call him Bapu (Father). Inspired the

nation to path of freedom by Satyagraha (Peaceful Struggle for Truth).

Inspired other great persons like Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi & Martin Luther King.

National Bird

National Emblem

National Flag

National FlowerNational Animal

THE GREAT HIMALAYAS

Highest Mountains of the world K2 – Second Highest Peak is in India(8611

m) Source of all major Indian rivers like

Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmputra (TsangPo) Many Religious Sites located in Himalyas

THE RIVER GANGA

Indian Civilisation Developed around River Ganga.

2506 Km long. Worshipped as Mother

Ganga. Many religious sites like

Haridwar, Banaras, Patna & Prayag on its bank.

Ganga-TsangPo delta largest delta in World.

THE GREAT INDIAN DESERTTHAR DESERT

Lies in Western India and Pakistan. My hometown- very close to Desert. Once fertile and irrigated by mighty river

Saraswati. Part of Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation.

THE COASTAL PLAINS

Total Coastline of 7517 Km. Famous Beaches like Goa and

Lakshadweep. Only country to have a ocean named

after it – The Indian Ocean.

DANCES OF INDIA

Every Region has its own dance

Major Dances are Bharat Natyam, Kathak, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathakali etc.

Folk dances of every region and people.

Various dances like Bhangra, Dandia, Bihu, Jhoomar, Ghoomar etc.

MANIPURI BHARAT NATYAM

BHANGRA BIHU

Languages

Old Indian Saying “ In India water changes every kilometre and language changes every 5 kilometres.”

22 Languages recognized in constitution of India.

‘Hindi’ most important Language English spoken and understood by large

no. of People. Other important languages- Tamil, Telegu,

Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Urdu, Punjabi etc.

DRESSES

Men- Dhoti- Kurta Lungi Kurta-Pajama

Women- Saree Salwar-Kameez Ghagara

FOODS OF INDIA

IMPORTANCE OF COW

Worshipped as Mother Cow.

India has largest no. Of Cows in world.

Reared for Milk. Even Cow Dung used

as manure and fuel in villages.

TEMPLE ELEPHANT & SNAKES

India is land of Snakes and Elephants Great Indian Cobra- Most Poisonous

Snake Snake Charmers- People who keep

snake for living Elephant- Symbol of Lord Ganesha.

FESTIVALS OF INDIA

HOLI Spring Festival People apply colours on each others face. A symbol of joy, unity and harmony.

DUSSEHRA

Victory of Good over Bad

Celebrated on 10th of Hindu month Ashwin.

Lord Ram killed the great demon and King Raavan of Lanka on this day.

Ram’s army build huge bridge over sea to reach Lanka.

DEEPAWALI

The festival of Light Most Important Festival Lord Ram returned home after 14 years in

forests. Celebrated 20 days after Dussehra. People worship Goddess Luxmi, the

goddess of money.

NAVRATRI

Celebrated for Nine days before Dussehra

In Many parts of India Dussehra is celebrated as Durga Pooja (worship of Goddess Durga)

OTHER FESTIVALS

Onam – The Indian Boat Festival. Eid – The festival of Muslims. Rakhi – Sisters tie thread on hand of

Brothers as a symbol of love & brothers vow to protect her for all her life.

Guru Purab – Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev.

The Taj Mahal

FACTS ABOUT TAJ MAHAL

Voted First In New Seven Wonders of the World.

Built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his most beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

Tomb of Mumtaz & Shahjahan. Built of white Marble. Stands on the Bank of River Yamuna. Earliest known structure on Well

Foundation.

BOLLYWOOD

Hollywood- but in Mumbai. Refers to Mumbai based

Hindi Language Cinema Term Bollywood originated

in 1970s, when India overtook America as largest producer of Movies.

Watched all over world, specially Former Soviet States, South Asia, Africa, East Asia, Europe and America.

CRICKET

Most Popular Sport in India.

Played mainly in commonwealth countries.

Second most watched sport after football.

A game may be of 3 hours or even 5 days.

Each team has 11 players. India world champion in

1984 & 2006.

Sachin Tendulkar- The greatest Icon of Cricket.

TEMPLES OF INDIA

Tanjore Temple

Rath Temple

Shore Temple

Khajuraho Temple

Golden Temple

Inside Golden Temple

Jain Temple

Temple City of Haridwar

Lotus Temple

Buddha Temple, Sanchi

Red Fort, New Delhi

Jaisalmer Fort

VEDAS & GITA

Vedas- Ancient most knowledge of civilised world.

Hindus believe them to be of Divine origin.

Four Vedas- 1. Rig Ved 2. Yajur Ved 3. Sam Ved 4. Atharva VedUpanishadas and Purans – other Books of

Wisdom.

BHAGWAT GITA

Words of Lord Krishna himself during mythological battle of Mahabharat.

Lord Krishna teaches Arjun about right behavior, duties and Karma.

National Book of India.

GODS OF INDIA

In ancient times it was believed that there are 330 million living beings. This gave rise to belief that there are 330 million forms of God.

A Hindu deity represent a particular aspect of Super Being.

Supreme is Brahma-Vishnu- Mahesh. Brahma- Creator of Universe. Vishnu-Maintain the Universe. Mahesh- The Destroyer.

AVATARS- INCARNATION OF GOD

Hindu belief- God comes to earth whenever there is a loss of Dharma(Right) and increase in Adharma (evil or unrighteousness.)

Ten Avatars of God.

Translation “Whenever & wherever there

is a decline in righteousness , I descend upon earth to restore the order”

Matsya The fish (represent beginning of Life).

Kurma The Tortoise(Represent a Human embryo just growing tiny legs & huge belly)

Varaha The Boar(Represent Human Embryo which is almost ready)

NarSimha The Man-Lion(Represent a New Born Baby)

Vamana The Dwarf(Represent a young Child)

ParashuRam

Ram with an Axe(Represent an angry young man and grumpling old man simultaneously.)

Ram Shri Ramchandra(Represent a married man in an ideal society.)

Krishna He is the real God in form of Human.

Buddha He is who put forward his knowledge born due to sorrowful feeling of world.

Kalki Kal means “Time” Expected to appear at end of “kali Yug” the time in which we live.

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Seven Indian Institute of Technologys(I.I.T.) Vision of Jawahar Lal Nehru – First Prime Minister of

India.

I.I.T.KanpurI.I.T.Delhi

I.I.T.Mumbai

I.I.T.Guwahati

I.I.T.Kharagpur

I.I.T.Chennai

I.I.T.Roorkee

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

One of the finest technical colleges of World.

Each I.I.T. an independent university. President Obama praised IITians in his

speech. Unfortunately many IIT graduates leave

India for jobs in America, but the trend is decreasing with development

of India.

I.I.T.ROORKEE

Built in 1847 as Thomson College of Engineering.

Oldest Technical College of Asia. 365 Acre Campus. Degree in over 50 Engineering Disciplines. Department of Civil Engineering oldest &

finest in India.

MODERN INDIA

The Development Story of India.

Even though the world has just discovered it, the India growth

story is not new. It has been going on for 25 years old

1) Rising GDP growth

% average annual GDP growth

1900 – 1950 1.0 1950 – 1980 3.5 1980 – 2002 6.0 2002 – 2006 8.0

Sources: 1900-1990: Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1990-2000:Census of India (2001), 2000-2005 Finance Ministry

India Story

2) Population growth is slowing

% average annual growth

1901 – 1950 1.0 1951 – 1980 2.2 1981 – 1990 2.1 1991 – 2000 1.8

2001 – 2010 1.5

Sources: 1900-1990: Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1990-2000:Census of India (2001)

India Story

% 1950 17 1990 52 2000 65

2010 (proj) 80

Source: Census of India (2001)

3. Literacy is risingIndia Story

1980 46%

2000 26% 2010 (proj) 16%

1% of the people have been crossing poverty line each year for 20 years. Equals ~ 200 million.

5. Poverty is decliningIndia Story

THE INDIA MODEL IS UNIQUE

DRIVERS OF GROWTH

India East and S.E. Asia

Domestic Exports Services Manufacturing Consumption Investment High tech, capital Low tech, labour intensive industry intensive

industry

Reasons for Success

India’s success is market led whereas China’s is state induced. The entrepreneur is at centre of

the Indian model

India has law, China has order

-India got democracy before capitalism and this has made all the difference-It will be slower than China but its path is sure.-India will grow while preserving its way of life

“By 2010 end India will have world’s largest number of English speakers”

“When 300 million Indians speak a word in a certain way, that will be the way to speak it.”

-Prof. David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language

FOR ANY FURTHER INFORMATION

Ajay Kumar BansalRoom No. 114Building No. 14 Beijing Jiaotong University

E-mail: ajay.bansal01@gmail.comQQ id: 1427787293

Thank Youपधा�रो� म्हा�रो देश

(Welcome to India)