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INDIA“The Ancient, The eternal & the Ever New”
By:-Ajay Kumar BansalUndergraduate StudentDepartment of Civil EngineeringI.I.T.Roorkee-247667India
LAND OF BUDDHA & GANDHI
•Truth
•Non-Violence
•Humanity
•Compassion
आहि�न्सा� परमो� धमो :2nd oct. On Birthday of Mahatma Gandhi-International Non- Violence Day
Largest Democracy of World
• Elections Held every 5 years• 6 National Parties• Numerous regional Parties• All persons above age of 18 years eligible to cast their vote.
Interesting Co-incidenceWe have at present:-• A Woman as President• A Muslim as Vice President• A Sikh as Prime Minister
Major Religion is Hinduism(80%)
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS & DUTIES
Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to freedom of Religion Cultural & Educational Right Right to Constitutional Remedies Right to information
Various Fundamental Duties have also been listed out in the Constitution for the citizens to respect the national symbols of India, including the Constitution, to cherish its heritage, preserve its culture and assist in its defence.
HISTORY OF INDIA
History goes back atleast 5000 years.
Earliest Civilisation on Earth-Indus Valley Civilisation.
Achieved independence from British Rule on 15th August 1947.
Became a Republic on 26th January 1950.
Mahatma Gandhi
Father of the Nation. Emphasised on Truth & Non Violence. We call him Bapu (Father). Inspired the
nation to path of freedom by Satyagraha (Peaceful Struggle for Truth).
Inspired other great persons like Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi & Martin Luther King.
National Bird
National Emblem
National Flag
National FlowerNational Animal
THE GREAT HIMALAYAS
Highest Mountains of the world K2 – Second Highest Peak is in India(8611
m) Source of all major Indian rivers like
Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmputra (TsangPo) Many Religious Sites located in Himalyas
THE RIVER GANGA
Indian Civilisation Developed around River Ganga.
2506 Km long. Worshipped as Mother
Ganga. Many religious sites like
Haridwar, Banaras, Patna & Prayag on its bank.
Ganga-TsangPo delta largest delta in World.
THE GREAT INDIAN DESERTTHAR DESERT
Lies in Western India and Pakistan. My hometown- very close to Desert. Once fertile and irrigated by mighty river
Saraswati. Part of Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation.
THE COASTAL PLAINS
Total Coastline of 7517 Km. Famous Beaches like Goa and
Lakshadweep. Only country to have a ocean named
after it – The Indian Ocean.
DANCES OF INDIA
Every Region has its own dance
Major Dances are Bharat Natyam, Kathak, Odissi, Manipuri, Kathakali etc.
Folk dances of every region and people.
Various dances like Bhangra, Dandia, Bihu, Jhoomar, Ghoomar etc.
MANIPURI BHARAT NATYAM
BHANGRA BIHU
Languages
Old Indian Saying “ In India water changes every kilometre and language changes every 5 kilometres.”
22 Languages recognized in constitution of India.
‘Hindi’ most important Language English spoken and understood by large
no. of People. Other important languages- Tamil, Telegu,
Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Urdu, Punjabi etc.
DRESSES
Men- Dhoti- Kurta Lungi Kurta-Pajama
Women- Saree Salwar-Kameez Ghagara
FOODS OF INDIA
IMPORTANCE OF COW
Worshipped as Mother Cow.
India has largest no. Of Cows in world.
Reared for Milk. Even Cow Dung used
as manure and fuel in villages.
TEMPLE ELEPHANT & SNAKES
India is land of Snakes and Elephants Great Indian Cobra- Most Poisonous
Snake Snake Charmers- People who keep
snake for living Elephant- Symbol of Lord Ganesha.
FESTIVALS OF INDIA
HOLI Spring Festival People apply colours on each others face. A symbol of joy, unity and harmony.
DUSSEHRA
Victory of Good over Bad
Celebrated on 10th of Hindu month Ashwin.
Lord Ram killed the great demon and King Raavan of Lanka on this day.
Ram’s army build huge bridge over sea to reach Lanka.
DEEPAWALI
The festival of Light Most Important Festival Lord Ram returned home after 14 years in
forests. Celebrated 20 days after Dussehra. People worship Goddess Luxmi, the
goddess of money.
NAVRATRI
Celebrated for Nine days before Dussehra
In Many parts of India Dussehra is celebrated as Durga Pooja (worship of Goddess Durga)
OTHER FESTIVALS
Onam – The Indian Boat Festival. Eid – The festival of Muslims. Rakhi – Sisters tie thread on hand of
Brothers as a symbol of love & brothers vow to protect her for all her life.
Guru Purab – Birth Anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev.
The Taj Mahal
FACTS ABOUT TAJ MAHAL
Voted First In New Seven Wonders of the World.
Built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his most beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
Tomb of Mumtaz & Shahjahan. Built of white Marble. Stands on the Bank of River Yamuna. Earliest known structure on Well
Foundation.
BOLLYWOOD
Hollywood- but in Mumbai. Refers to Mumbai based
Hindi Language Cinema Term Bollywood originated
in 1970s, when India overtook America as largest producer of Movies.
Watched all over world, specially Former Soviet States, South Asia, Africa, East Asia, Europe and America.
CRICKET
Most Popular Sport in India.
Played mainly in commonwealth countries.
Second most watched sport after football.
A game may be of 3 hours or even 5 days.
Each team has 11 players. India world champion in
1984 & 2006.
Sachin Tendulkar- The greatest Icon of Cricket.
TEMPLES OF INDIA
Tanjore Temple
Rath Temple
Shore Temple
Khajuraho Temple
Golden Temple
Inside Golden Temple
Jain Temple
Temple City of Haridwar
Lotus Temple
Buddha Temple, Sanchi
Red Fort, New Delhi
VEDAS & GITA
Vedas- Ancient most knowledge of civilised world.
Hindus believe them to be of Divine origin.
Four Vedas- 1. Rig Ved 2. Yajur Ved 3. Sam Ved 4. Atharva VedUpanishadas and Purans – other Books of
Wisdom.
BHAGWAT GITA
Words of Lord Krishna himself during mythological battle of Mahabharat.
Lord Krishna teaches Arjun about right behavior, duties and Karma.
National Book of India.
GODS OF INDIA
In ancient times it was believed that there are 330 million living beings. This gave rise to belief that there are 330 million forms of God.
A Hindu deity represent a particular aspect of Super Being.
Supreme is Brahma-Vishnu- Mahesh. Brahma- Creator of Universe. Vishnu-Maintain the Universe. Mahesh- The Destroyer.
AVATARS- INCARNATION OF GOD
Hindu belief- God comes to earth whenever there is a loss of Dharma(Right) and increase in Adharma (evil or unrighteousness.)
Ten Avatars of God.
Translation “Whenever & wherever there
is a decline in righteousness , I descend upon earth to restore the order”
Matsya The fish (represent beginning of Life).
Kurma The Tortoise(Represent a Human embryo just growing tiny legs & huge belly)
Varaha The Boar(Represent Human Embryo which is almost ready)
NarSimha The Man-Lion(Represent a New Born Baby)
Vamana The Dwarf(Represent a young Child)
ParashuRam
Ram with an Axe(Represent an angry young man and grumpling old man simultaneously.)
Ram Shri Ramchandra(Represent a married man in an ideal society.)
Krishna He is the real God in form of Human.
Buddha He is who put forward his knowledge born due to sorrowful feeling of world.
Kalki Kal means “Time” Expected to appear at end of “kali Yug” the time in which we live.
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Seven Indian Institute of Technologys(I.I.T.) Vision of Jawahar Lal Nehru – First Prime Minister of
India.
I.I.T.KanpurI.I.T.Delhi
I.I.T.Mumbai
I.I.T.Guwahati
I.I.T.Kharagpur
I.I.T.Chennai
I.I.T.Roorkee
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
One of the finest technical colleges of World.
Each I.I.T. an independent university. President Obama praised IITians in his
speech. Unfortunately many IIT graduates leave
India for jobs in America, but the trend is decreasing with development
of India.
I.I.T.ROORKEE
Built in 1847 as Thomson College of Engineering.
Oldest Technical College of Asia. 365 Acre Campus. Degree in over 50 Engineering Disciplines. Department of Civil Engineering oldest &
finest in India.
MODERN INDIA
The Development Story of India.
Even though the world has just discovered it, the India growth
story is not new. It has been going on for 25 years old
1) Rising GDP growth
% average annual GDP growth
1900 – 1950 1.0 1950 – 1980 3.5 1980 – 2002 6.0 2002 – 2006 8.0
Sources: 1900-1990: Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1990-2000:Census of India (2001), 2000-2005 Finance Ministry
India Story
2) Population growth is slowing
% average annual growth
1901 – 1950 1.0 1951 – 1980 2.2 1981 – 1990 2.1 1991 – 2000 1.8
2001 – 2010 1.5
Sources: 1900-1990: Angus Maddison (1995), Monitoring the World Economy, 1990-2000:Census of India (2001)
India Story
% 1950 17 1990 52 2000 65
2010 (proj) 80
Source: Census of India (2001)
3. Literacy is risingIndia Story
1980 46%
2000 26% 2010 (proj) 16%
1% of the people have been crossing poverty line each year for 20 years. Equals ~ 200 million.
5. Poverty is decliningIndia Story
THE INDIA MODEL IS UNIQUE
DRIVERS OF GROWTH
India East and S.E. Asia
Domestic Exports Services Manufacturing Consumption Investment High tech, capital Low tech, labour intensive industry intensive
industry
Reasons for Success
India’s success is market led whereas China’s is state induced. The entrepreneur is at centre of
the Indian model
India has law, China has order
-India got democracy before capitalism and this has made all the difference-It will be slower than China but its path is sure.-India will grow while preserving its way of life
“By 2010 end India will have world’s largest number of English speakers”
“When 300 million Indians speak a word in a certain way, that will be the way to speak it.”
-Prof. David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language
FOR ANY FURTHER INFORMATION
Ajay Kumar BansalRoom No. 114Building No. 14 Beijing Jiaotong University
E-mail: [email protected] id: 1427787293
Thank Youपधा�रो� म्हा�रो देश
(Welcome to India)