connective tissue. 3 components 1.specialized cells 2.protein fibers (outside the specialized cells)...
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3 Components
1. Specialized Cells
2. Protein Fibers (outside the specialized cells)
3. Fluid ground substance“semi-fluid matrix”
Examples: bone, fat, and blood
Types of Connective Tissue
A. Loose Connective Tissue (areolar)1. Structure-general
1. The least specialized tissue in the body2. Few specialized cells made up mostly of ground substance3. Contains elastin- therefore it can distort and return to its original
shape4. Also contains collagen fibers
2. Function-general1. Found underneath the skin2. Forms a layer that separates skin from deeper structures.3. Cushions shocks- provides padding4. Surrounds and supports blood vessels and nerves5. Stores lipids6. Contains tiny capillaries therefore it’s a good route for diffusion
(subcutaneous shots)
Specialized Loose Connective Tissue
B. Adipose Tissue- “fat”Structure- Specialized cells called adipocytes plus a “matrix” of fluid and
protein fibers- Each adipocyte contains a fat vacuole with lipids stored in itFunction- Adipose tissues accounts for 15-30% of the normal adult
weight.- Its is an energy reserve- Padding cushions shock- Insulator- Supports tissues and organs
Adipose Tissue
Specialized Loose Connective Tissue
C. Reticular TissueStructure
- fibrous framework or “stroma”
Function
- supports the functional cells of organs
Location
- spleen, liver and lymph nodes
Dense Connective Tissue
- Is also called “collagenous tissue” or “fibrous connective tissue”
- Dominant protein fibers are collagen
- Specialized cells are called fibroblasts
- Ground substance is clear and colorless
Types Of Dense Connective Tissue
A. Dense Regular Connective Tissue- structure- collagen fibers are arranged
parallel to each other and are tightly packed fibers are aligned with forces placed on tissues.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
• Examples:– i. Tendons-
• Structure: are similar to cords– Have large number of fibroblasts between collagen fibers
• Function: connect skeletal muscle to bone– Transfer pull of contracting muscle to bone
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
ii. Aponeuroses and Muscle Fascia-• Structure- sheets or ribbons somewhat like
broad, flat tendons• Function- attach, stabilize, enclose and
separate muscles and other internal organs
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
iii) Elastic Tissue-• Structure- here the elastin fibers outnumber
the collagen fibers• Specialized cells are still fibroblasts
• Function- cushions shocks to body• Can stretch and rebound, expand and contract• Walls of blood vessels and respiratory passages,
stabilize position of spine.
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
iv) Ligaments-• Structure- resemble tendons
• Contain elastin and collagen fibers
• Function- can tolerate a small amount of stretching
• Connect bone to bone
Types of Dense Connective Tissue
B. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue• Structure- fibers form an interwoven
meshwork that do not show a pattern• Function- provides strength to resist forces
applied to the body• Gives skin its strength• Prevents overexpansion of urinary bladder• Surrounds organs such as the kidneys and
spleen• Encloses cavities of joints
Types of Connective Tissue
C. Fluid Connective Tissue• Structure- watery ground substance or fluid matrix
called plasma• Specialized cells called “formed elements”
including:• Red Blood cells- Erythrocytes• White Blood cells- Leukocytes• Platelets
• Functions- transports oxygen and carbon dioxide• Protects against disease• Closes wounds• Transports nutrients to the cells of the body.
Types of Connective Tissue
D. Supporting Connective Tissue• Two Types:
i) Cartilage: Structure: specialized cells called Chondrocytes
fluid matrix is a firm gel
may or may not contain collagen or elastin
Types/ Funcitons:
HYALINE cartilage: covers bony surfaces and acts as “pads” between bones.
ELASTIC cartilage: connects the ribs, supports passageways, forms ears and nose.
FIBROCARTILAGE: makes up “framework” for the body of embryonic humans
Types of Connective Tissue
ii) Bone- Osseous Tissue• Structure: specialized cells are called
osteocytes.• Matrix contains calcium phosphate and calcium
carbonate• Collagen fibers are predominant
• Function: is the framework for the body.• Provides support; the spinal Column, ribs, arm,
and leg bones• Provides protection; the skull, spinal column and
ribs
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