concepts of smart meter

SMART METERS

V SAI KRISHNA – 14E95R VASANTHAN – 14E113

P VINITH – 14E123S PADMANATHAN – 14E82

M SIVANESH BABU – 14E103E VENKATESH – 14E116

V BALAJI ARJUN – 14E130

BEFORE GETTING INTO THE TOPIC….

What is the electric grid?

The electric grid is the path over which electricity flows from power generating facilities across high-voltage transmission lines to local communities

The grid interconnects generators, power transmission systems, local distribution utilities and end users of electricity

The system is designed and operated for safe, reliable electric reliability under constantly changing load conditions.

What makes it a smart grid?

Smart grid is an umbrella term for the modernization of electric transmission and distribution. 

It is an integration of a more modern electric grid with communications and information systems to better monitor and control the flow and consumption of energy.

Save energy Reduced Cost Increase Reliability

Utility Metering

Utility

Consumer

Electricity Meter

Cannot communicate

to/from consumer

One-way communication

Utility

AMI

RF MESHPLCBPL

MDMS

Utility MDMS WAN LAN MeteringConsumer

GSM

HAN

In home Display

Two-way communication

Smart Meter

LEGACY VS AMI SYSTEM

What are smart meters and its benefits? A “smart” or advanced meter is an electric meter that acts as a gateway

for two-way communications or information exchange between the consumer and the utility

Measure Energy Usage with Greater Detail Provide Consume energy data to utility in Real time via home display

and web based Program. Remote Function Detect Meter Tampering and offer new pricing programs to encourage

peak load reduction.  It can be more motivated to take advantage of incentives to reduce

consumption, especially during peak demand periods, and save money.

How are smart meters different than current meters?

From Conventional Meter’s which can provide usage data to the company’s information systems for monthly billing.

Smart meter can provide notification of outages and detect possible theft. The newer, advanced meters are considered “bi-directional” or two-way and can be linked to the utility’s communications network and smart grid, as well as a consumer’s home area network, programmable thermostat, and smart appliances.

Benefits of Smart Meter

Improved power quality More efficient Secure power delivery Enhanced electric reliability Prepayment Options Available Load survey / profiling helping in demand forecasting Over-the-air firmware and configuration upgrade More accurate bills — smart meters mean the end of estimated

bills, and the end of overpaying (or underpaying) for your energy Automatic Meter Reading Through ZIGBEE/HAN/LAN Network. Better oversight and management of your energy use with a real-

time data display in your home

Functions & Types Of Smart Meter

Wireless smart metering modules with greater range. GSM based smart meter modules for industrial metering. Wireless data collection mechanisms 

SMART METER SYSTEM BASIC ARCHITECTURE

SMART METER TECHNOLOGIES

Smart Meter Systems are varied in technology and design but operate through a simple overall process.

The Smart Meters collect data locally and transmit via a Local Area Network (LAN) to a data collector.

This transmission can occur as often as 15 minutes or according to the use of the data.

SMART METER TECHNOLOGIES

The collector retrieves the data and may or may not carry out any processing of the data.

Data is transmitted via a Wide Area Network (WAN) to the utility central collection point for processing.

BASIC TYPES OF SMART METER SYSTEMS

There are four basic categories of Smart Meter System technologies as defined by their LAN. They are: Wireless Radio Frequency (RF) Power Line Carrier (PLC) GSM/GPRS based

Wireless smart meter Smart meter modules available from 100 meters to 6 Kms Modules work on 2.4 GHz or Sub-1 GHz solution (865-868 MHz) Mesh connection of smart meters is possible, which enables easy

transmission Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote

diagnostics Single data concentrators can communicate with up to 500 meters Ultra low power consumption modules available at most

economical pricing

Smart Meter Architecture

RADIO FREQUENCY

Smart Meter measurements and other data are transmitted by wireless radio from the meter to a collection point.

The data is then delivered by various methods to the utility data systems for processing at a central location.

MESH TECHNOLOGY

The smart meters talk to each other (hop) to form a LAN cloud to a collector.

The collector transmits the data using various WAN methods to the utility central location.

MESH TECHNOLOGY

ADVANTAGES Mesh RF Technologies’ advantages include: Acceptable latency Large bandwidth

MESH TECHNOLOGY

DISADVANTAGES Terrain and distance challenges for rural areas Proprietary communications Multiple collection points

POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY

The smart meters talk directly to a collector, usually a tower. The tower collector transmits the data using various methods to the

utility central location for processing.

POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY

ADVANTAGES Direct communication with each endpoint Large bandwidth Licensed spectrum Can cover longer distances

POINT TO POINT RF TECHNOLOGY

DISADVANTAGES Licensing (not for 900MHz) Terrain may prove challenging in rural areas Proprietary communications used for some technologies Less interface with Distribution automation (DA) devices.

POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC

Smart Meter measurements and other data can be transmitted across the utility power lines from the meter to a collection point

Usually the collection point is the distribution Sub- station feeding the meter

Power line carrier

Metro Fiber RingArchitecture

Internet Data Video

Each site supports multiple customers

POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC

ADVANTAGES The use of existing utility infrastructure of poles & wires Improved cost effectiveness for rural lines More effective in challenging terrain The capability to work over long distances.

POWER LINE CARRIER - PLC

DISADVANTAGES Longer data transmit time (more latency) Less bandwidth Less throughput Limited interface with Distribution Automation (DA) devices higher cost in urban and suburban locations.

GSM / GPRS enabled smart meter modules

GSM based meter data collection modules available for industrial and transformer metering

Integrates with various type of meters using serial port Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote

diagnostics

Ethernet based data concentrators / gateways for meter data collection Can collect data from up to 500 electricity smart meters in a HAN

(network) Can collect data as fast as every 30 minutes Local storage for offline mode in case of loss of connectivity Connects to the web server via GPRS or Ethernet (LAN connection) Built-in remote firmware upgrade(over-the-air upgrade) and remote

diagnostics Maintains diagnostics and connectivity information of the whole

PAN (network) Tamper proof with instant SMS to service engineers Built-in battery to transmit data in case of loss of power

Cloud enabled MDM software

Cloud enabled software provides a scalable, secure and highly reliable software for smart meter data collection and management

Collects data from data concentrator units / gateways and maintains the consumer / meter information

Hosted on the Google cloud (or equivalent) for 99% uptime Continuous availability of latest data at desired polling frequency Can connect to thousands of DCUs for data collection Various alerts as per need over SMS and e-mail 128-bit SSL encryption for data security Analytical capabilities with graphical data visualizations help in decision

making

Repeaters

Used for remote / sparsely populated locations Can be installed on electricity poles / street lights Used to carry data from local networks to far away locations

METER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Meter maintenance will become a major issue to the service provider. The meter will be entirely electronic with an additional communication

device on board, which has to be monitored regularly. The engineers must possess a very high knowledge about the data

transmission and faults

METER SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Some of the utility organizations that will share in the new maintenance model are

Customer Services Field Operations Distribution Information Technology Revenue Protection

ADVANTAGES

Low cost metering services

On-demand and scheduled remote meter reads

Remotely manageable tariff tables and billing cycles

Multi-parameter load profile

ADVANTAGES

Distribution system optimization Outage detection, isolation and restoration verification

Load balancing

Theft detection

ADVANTAGES

Advanced control Remote disconnect and reconnect

Maximum power limiting

Optional direct load control

New energy or value-added service with minimal incremental investment

Smart meters are 24/7 pulsed microwave radiation emitting devices with no way to turn the radiation down or off.

The mesh network will insure there will be no escape from the radiation anywhere. If you opt out but your neighbor does not, you will still be exposed to your neighbors radiation.

This is why we need EVERYONE opting out, or need to make them illegal.

Smart meters have 2, sometimes 3 antennas, depending.

Most have 2 One antenna is for the HAN (home area network), to interface with your smart appliances.

The other antenna is the NAN (neighborhood Area antenna) to interface with your neighbors smart meters.

If there is a 3rd antenna in your smart meter, you are the lucky recipient of the collector meter!!! You will be receiving ALL of the neighborhoods pulses, gathering at your home.

By accessing these signals one can easily hack the data

The “green washing of cancer through pulsed microwave radiation exposure in addition to

more fossil fuel usage”

Robert A Baan PhDThe IARC MonographsIARC, Lyon, FRANCE

“The IARC Working Group classified "Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields" (RF-EMF) as possibly

carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).The information that formed the main basis for this evaluation was found in epidemiological studies on cell-phone use, where a slightly increased risk for glioma (a malignant form of brain cancer) and acoustic neuroma (a non-cancerous type) was reported among heavy users.There were some indications of increased cancer among radar-maintenance workers (occupational exposure), but no reliable data from studies among, e.g., people living close to base-station antennas, radio/TV towers, etc (environmental exposure).Although the key information came from mobile telephone use, the Working Group considered that the three types of exposure entail basically the same type of radiation, and decided to make an overall evaluation on RF-EMF, covering the whole radiofrequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum.In support of this, information from studies with experimental animals showed that effects on cancer incidence and cancer latency were seen with exposures to different frequencies within the RF region.So the classification 2B, possibly carcinogenic, holds for all types of radiation within the radiofrequency part of

the electromagnetic spectrum, including the radiation emitted by base-station antennas,

radio/TV towers, radar, Wi-Fi, smart meters, etc. “

Letter from WHO lead scientist...

The very clever “SMART METERS” are “green GR$$D”

Smart meters will create more fossil fuel usage in manufacturing and need to be

replaced approx. every 7 years to 10 years. Analog meters LAST for DECADES. No fossil

EXCESS fuel usage AT ALL.

Mini cell towers emitting pulsed microwave radiation that for thousands of feet to connect “smart meters” to

the “smart grid”attached to lamp posts, telephone poles, etc.

Now let’s look at the microwave radiation

from “smart meters”…

THANK YOU !