color changing textiles : active and passive · color changing textiles : flexible displays •...
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Color changing textiles : Active and passive
Vladan KONCAR
Color changing textiles : Flexible displays
• Emissive Flexible displays :– Luminescence
• EL luminescent structures LED, (OLED)
– Optical Fibers integration
4
• Reflective flexible displays:– Electrophoretic– Chromismes
• Visible optical propertiesmodification (visible, UV, IR)
• Provoked by an external stimuli (photo, thermo, electro, …)
• Reversible
1. Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
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Optics Photonics News, April 2005
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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
Weaving optical fibres
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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
Light emitting laterally
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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
Light emitting laterally, micro holes obtained by projection of particles
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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
Light emitting laterally, micro holes obtained by chemical solvent
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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
Light emitting laterally, micro holes obtained by chemical solvent
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Active colour changing textilesLight emitting
Connections of OF beams to light sources (diodes)
Optical fibres flexible displays, micro bendings
Lateral light emitting obtained by OF bending
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Textile Light Diffuser
• The confinement of light in an optical fiber is determined by the refractive indices of the fiber core (n1) and the surrounding cladding (n2).
• Total internal reflection occurs under the condition n2 < n1
• If the bending angle of the fiber is greater than a critical angle c, side-emission effect is created by “leaking” some light from the fiber’s core
• c = arcsin (n2/n1)
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Textile Light Diffuser
Textile Light Diffuser
• Coupling of light sources to both fiber ends improve uniformity of the light distibution.
Light distribution
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Textile Light Diffuser
Weaving patterns play a major role. Patent pending.
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Textile Light Diffuser
• Automatic Weaving Machine
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Textile Light Diffuser, Laser light source
Prototype INSERM U703: 20 mw/cm²
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Textile Light Diffuser
Prototype INSERM U703: 20 mw/cm²22.5 x 22.5 = 506 cm²
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Textile Light Diffuser
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LIGHT EMITTING FABRIC
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http://www.onco-thai.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=185:flexitheralight-sur-m6&catid=9:actualites&Itemid=129&lang=fr
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2. Passive color changing textilesLight reflecting
Electrochromism
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• Electrochromism: ability of a material to change its color, in a reversible way, when an electrical potential is applied across it [3-5]
• Linked to oxidation-reduction processes• Still very few used for textile applications• Main advantages:
– Reversible color change– Memory effect– Large color palette– Low power consumption– Large viewing angle – Reflective
- 3 V
+ 3 V
0 V
• Rigid applications
– Windows
– Car equipments
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Electrochromisme
Electrochromisme
+
• 7 layer structure
M+M+
M+
Transparent substrate
Transparent electrode
e - e -
Electrochromic material
Electrolyte
Ions storing layer
Electrode
Substrate
e -
Flexible applications
Electrochromisme applied to textiles
• Since 1976 :
– Textile = as substrate
– Textile = as electrode
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• 5 layer structure developed at GEMTEX Textile : multifunctional :
– Contrasting
– Substrate
– Storing layer
– Spacer PET
ITOTextile
+ el chromic compound + electrolyte
ITO
PET27
Electrochromisme applied to textiles
• Prussian blue
• Fast aging (1 cycle)• Liquid -> manipulation is difficult• Spontaneous reaction -> storing is difficult
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PET + ITO
PET + ITO
Textile + Prussian blue (aq)
5,5 V, 20s
Electrochromisme applied to textiles1st generation displays
Electrochromisme applied to textiles2nd generation displays
• The use of PANI for fabric deep coating
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On viscose yarns On PET yarns
Film PET + ITO
Film PET + ITO
Textile +PANI + électrolyte
3V, 1 min
• El chromic polymers (polythiophènes)
• Electrolyte in sol-gel form
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Film de PET + ITO
Film de PET + ITO
Textile + PT + electrolyte
Electrochromisme applied to textiles3rd generation displays
2014 ITCCC
Electrochromisme applied to textiles3rd generation displays
322014 ITCCC
Prototypes 3G
332014 ITCCC
Prototypes 3G
EDOT and B-arylene EDOT electrochromicpolymer films on ITO/glass
Electrochromisme applied to textiles3rd generation displays
Constance Moretti - 18 septembre 2015 -ENSAIT/GEMTEX
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3G
PT
5 couches
4G
PEDOT:PSS
3 couches
5G
PEDOT:PSS
1 couche
Simplified 3 layer EC textile displays : 4th generation
3G
PT
5 layers
4G
PEDOT:PSS
3 layers
5G
PEDOT:PSS
1 layer
3 layer textile EC structure :4th generation
• 3 layers textile structure• 100 % textile• Flexible
• Textile substrate (PET, cotton, silk) coated by PEDOT:PSS
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+-37
3 layer textile EC structure :4th generation
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Mask, Indipendent electrodes
+
-+
-
3 layer textile EC structure :4th generation
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
Flexible textile EC display4th generation
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Prototypes 4G
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T shirt with embedded display and electronic circuit
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Prototypes 4G
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Prototypes 4G
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3G
PT
5 couches
4G
PEDOT:PSS
3 couches
5G
PEDOT:PSS
1 couche
3G
PT
5 couches
4G
PEDOT:PSS
3 couches
5G
PEDOT:PSS
1 couche
3G
PT
5 layers
4G
PEDOT:PSS
3 layers
5G
PEDOT:PSS
1 layer
3 layer textile EC structure :4th generation
1 layer textile EC display: 5th generation
• All the structure is located in one single layer
• Finenness and thickness improved
• (PET, cotton, silk)
• 2 electrodes
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+-
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1 layer textile EC display: 5th generation
PET fabric, voltagede 5 V, 47
1 layer textile EC display: 5th generation
Jersey cotton
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PET
1 layer textile EC display: 5th generation
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1 layer textile EC display: 5th generation
• Textile is an optimal support for electronics & displays
• Research is in an early stage
• Commercially available products may be expected on the market in 5 years
• Reliability & cost are important issues
• Further investments are necessary in R&D
Concluding remarks
2014 ITCCC
512014 ITCCC
Concluding remarks
• Opportunities in
- fashion
- communication
- advertising
- professional application
- military camouflage
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