cardiorespiratory system 3º

UNIT 5: THE HUMAN BODY

“CARDIORESPIRATORY

SYSTEM”

PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

I.E.S. PEÑALBA3rd ESO

INTRODUCTION

Cardiorespiratory system is the responsable of the basic physical capacity of endurance. The system is composed by the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Its main function is the gas exchange between the body and the atmosphere. The respiratory systemremoves no necessary gases (CO2) and itcatches oxygen (O2) from the air neededby cells.

BREATHING

Breathing is the process of gas exchange between the body and the atmosphere.

Breathing process has two phases: ventilation and diffusion.

VENTILATIONThis part has two phases.

– Inhalation: air is sucked from the atmosphere into lungs (alveoli).

–Exhalation: the process of breathing out CO2 from lungs (alveoli) to atmosphere.

DIFFUSIONIs the process of gas exchange (O2and CO2) between alveoli from thelungs and capillary from the circulatorysystem through alveoli membranes.

RESPIRATORY RESPONSE TO

EXERCISEDuring the physical activity we

increase the number of breaths perminute and how deep they are. Thevolume of air that is inhalated andexhalated increases.

Lung Volume: is the volume of air inhalated or exhalated in each breath.

– Rest: 0,5 litres.

– Physical Activity: up to 3 litres.

Breath Rate: is the number of breathings per minute.

– Rest is about 16-20 breaths per minute.

– Physical Activity it increases to 30-50 breaths per minute

Lung capacity: is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs.

– Non smoker person is about 3-4 litres

– Smoker lung capacity is arround 1-1,5 litres.

– Athlete lung capacity is 7 litres.

To breath correctly is very important for physical activity and to delay fatigue. So that is very important to inhalate through the nose and exhalate through the mouth and to keep an uniform respiratory rythm.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The main function of this system is to transport nutrients and oxygen to organs and muscles and transport waste products (CO2) to the liver, kidneys, and lungs.

ANATOMY OF THE HEART

The human heart isan organ that pumpsblood throughout thebody via thecirculatory system, supplying oxygenand nutrients to thetissues and removingcarbon dioxide and other wastes.

HEART MOVEMENTS

The Heart has two movements topump blood: systole (contaction) anddiastole (relax).

Atrial Systole: atrium contacts topush the blood into the ventriclewhile ventricle diastole.

Ventricles Systole: ventriclescontracts to push blood to every cellsof the body or lungs while atriumdiastole.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE

TO EXERCISE

Physical activity increases thecardiovascular system activity because:

HEART RATE INCREASESWe need to carry more

oxygen to muscles:

Maximum Heart Rate: 220-age

Rest Heart Rate→sedentary people 60-90

bpm

→athletes 40-60 bpm

STROKE VOLUME INCREASES

Stroke Volume is thevolume of blood pumped by leftventricle of the heart with eachbeat=Volumen Sistólico)

Rest Stroke Volume: 75militres.

Active Stroke Volume:→sedentary people: 140

mililitres.

→athletes: 190 mililitres.

CARDIAC OUTPUT INCREASES

Cardiac Output isthe volume of bloodpumped by the heart perminute= Gasto Cardíaco

Rest Cardiac Output: 5-6 litres

Active Cardiac Output:15-20 litres

ALSO INCREASES

Coronary Flow : blood that flows to the cardiac muscle, myocardium.

The volume of blood that flow to muscles.

When we practice exercise the distribution of blood flow in our body change.

–Rest: 20% of blood flows to muscles

–Physical activity: 80% of bloodflows to muscle.

The only organ that needs thesame quantity of oxygen is theBrain

THE END