building types

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Rafters

Purlins

Siding

GirtGirders

Braces

Poles

BUILDING TYPESBUILDING TYPES

*Concrete or masonry wall that supports the building.*Must either extend below frost depth or be engineered for above frost line.*Should include anchor bolts to attach building to foundation.

*Light Frame Construction Terms Foundation*Wooden member attached to the foundation.*Pressure treated lumber recommended.

•The floor joists provide the support for the floor.•Size and spacing determined by the designed floor load.•Rim joist attaches to end of floor joists to fill in the space and tie the ends together.

The sub floor is attached to the floor joists.

Plywood, MDF or particle board is commonly used.

Concrete sub floors are also used.

The sole plate is fastened to the end of the studs before it attached to the sub floor.

Anchors the wall to the sub floor.

The studs form the structure for the walls.Spacing and size is determined by the loads, desired insulation value and uses of the building.Different stud arrangements are used to attach the walls together at the corners.

*Light Frame Construction Terms Top Plates*The first top plate attached to the ends of the studs.*The second top plate is nailed to the first one. *It is used to increase the load bearing capacity.*Note: the plates overlap at the corners to help tie the walls together.

*The purpose of the brace is to reinforce the building ability to resist “racking” forces.*Racking forces are parallel to the wall.*Braces are set in the edge of the studs.*This method is not very common today.

Sheathing is the first layer of material on the outside surface of the walls.

Sheathing may be sheet material, plywood, MDF. etc. or dimensioned lumber.Sheet material is more common.

Wooden siding boards are the traditional material for the outside surface of the wall.Vinyl and other materials can also be used to enhance weather resistance.

*When the building is multistory, the parts from the joists up is repeated.*In platform construction, the process repeats for each floor.*Joists are placed to form the ceiling for the first story and the floor for the second story.

Light Frame Construction Terms Second Story Sub Floor

Light Frame Construction Terms Second Story Sole Plate

Light Frame Construction Terms Secondary Story Studs

Light Frame Construction Terms Second Story Top Plate