biofuel and its importance

PRESENTATION ON BIOFUEL

BY

Md. Shahinur Rahaman

INTRODUCTION

Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. After two hundreds years, the industrialized world's thirst for energy had increased tremendously, that causes a serious energy crisis.

WHY ENERGY IS A CRISIS?

WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO

35%

24%

21%

11%7% 2%1%

OilCoalNatural gasRenewable sourceNuclearHydroOther sources

WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION

TWO TYPES ENERGY SOURCES

Sources

Renewable

Non-renewable

Non-renewable

•Oil•Natural gas•Coal

Renewable•Solar energy•Hydro power•Biofuel•Biomass•Tidal energy•Wind energy•Geothermal•Nuclear energy

RENEWABLE ENERGY

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY?

The fast growing population, rapid modernization and industrialization have relentlessly

increased the demand of energy in developing countries like Bangladesh. The current

demand of energy in Bangladesh is mostly met from non-renewable resources such as

natural gas and coal. Since these sources are non-renewable in nature, the reserve will be

depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these fossil fuels, which are largely

been imported, has serious implications on economy and environment. Fossil fuels are

coming to the end, scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be

finished. So for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable

energy resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal energy etc.

WHAT IS BIOFUEL?

A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation.

In other words, Fuel which produced from renewable biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste. 

WHY BIOFUELS?

WHY BIOFUELS?

Therefore, there are many reasons why we are interested in biofuels:

To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels

To reduce reliance on foreign oil To lower emissions of greenhouse

gases To bring business to rural economics

ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS

1.There is no emission of hazardous gases2.Locally available in every region of the world.3.Friendly with the environment, so they do not

cause global warming4.The energy release per unit mass of biofuel is

greater than the energy released from the unit mass of fossil fuels.

TWO METHODS TO FORM BIOFUEL :

A) SUGAR CROPS AND STARCH ARE GROWN AND THROUGH PROCESS OF FERMENTATION, ETHANOL IS PRODUCED.

B) PLANTS ARE GROWN NATURALLY TO PRODUCE OIL LIKE ALGAE.

- OILS ARE HEATED TO REDUCE VISCOSITY, THEN DIRECTLY USE AS FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINES

THEY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE CATEGORIES

First generation Biofuel

• Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.

Second generation Biofuel

• Made from non-edible plant materials.

Third generation Biofuel

• Made from algae and microbes.

FIRST GENERATION BIOFUEL

FIRST GENERATION

Biodiesel

Biogas

SyngasBioalcohols

Vegetable Oil

BIODIESEL

BIODIESEL

Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe Produced from oils or fats using trans-esterification

after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hydroxide.

methanol and sodium hyrox Produced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide Used for car diesel engiPrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

♫ Used for car diesel enginesoduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

♫ Used for car diesel engines

MAKING BIODIESEL

Inputs: Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide) Water

Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine

Bio-diesel feed stock:PalmCoconutJatropha curcas Rapeseed/ Mustard seedSunflowerCornSoybeanPeanutsAlgaeUsed restaurant oilAnimal fats

Palm seeds

Coconut seeds

Rapeseeds Jatropha seeds

Sunflower seeds CornSoybean seeds

Pond Algae

WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL

car diesel engine effective solvent oxygenated fuel

ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not contain carcinogens and its sulphur content is also lesser than the mineral diesel.

It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating property

Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle. Domestic resource, Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and

storage; Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon

monoxide emissions.

DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

Higher production cost.Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum diesel to attract moisture.Poor low temperature properties.

BIOALCOHOL

BIOALCOHOLS

Biologically produced alcohols, most commonly ethanol, and less commonly propanol and butanol.

Synthesis:Bioalcohols are produced by the action of  microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches (easiest), or cellulose (which is more difficult).

APPLICATION OF BIO-ETHANOL

Petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline

fireplaces fuel for vehicles Ethanol fuel is the most commonly

used bio-fuel in the world and particularly in Brazil 

VEGETABLE OIL

VEGETABLE OIL

Generally used for cooking purpose. It is used in several old diesel engines

that have indirect injection systems. Vegetable oil is mainly used for the

production of biodiesel.

BIOGAS

APPLICATION OF BIOGAS

To produce Electricity Cooking purpose to heat the digester space heating water heating process heating.

SYNGAS

Gas mixture of CO , CO2 and H2 is produced by partial combustion of biomass.

This is a gas that is produce after the combined process of

A)gasification B)combustion C)pyrolysis

.

APPLICATION OF SYNGAS

♣Can be used to produce methanol and hydrogen

♣Can be used to generate electricity

CONCLUSION

Biofuel production has lead to :

rural electrificationimproving agriculture job creation power to local community