biofuel and its importance
TRANSCRIPT
PRESENTATION ON BIOFUEL
BY
Md. Shahinur Rahaman
INTRODUCTION
Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. After two hundreds years, the industrialized world's thirst for energy had increased tremendously, that causes a serious energy crisis.
WHY ENERGY IS A CRISIS?
WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO
35%
24%
21%
11%7% 2%1%
OilCoalNatural gasRenewable sourceNuclearHydroOther sources
WORLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION
TWO TYPES ENERGY SOURCES
Sources
Renewable
Non-renewable
Non-renewable
•Oil•Natural gas•Coal
Renewable•Solar energy•Hydro power•Biofuel•Biomass•Tidal energy•Wind energy•Geothermal•Nuclear energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY
WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY?
The fast growing population, rapid modernization and industrialization have relentlessly
increased the demand of energy in developing countries like Bangladesh. The current
demand of energy in Bangladesh is mostly met from non-renewable resources such as
natural gas and coal. Since these sources are non-renewable in nature, the reserve will be
depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these fossil fuels, which are largely
been imported, has serious implications on economy and environment. Fossil fuels are
coming to the end, scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be
finished. So for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable
energy resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal energy etc.
WHAT IS BIOFUEL?
A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation.
In other words, Fuel which produced from renewable biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste.
WHY BIOFUELS?
WHY BIOFUELS?
Therefore, there are many reasons why we are interested in biofuels:
To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
To reduce reliance on foreign oil To lower emissions of greenhouse
gases To bring business to rural economics
ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
1.There is no emission of hazardous gases2.Locally available in every region of the world.3.Friendly with the environment, so they do not
cause global warming4.The energy release per unit mass of biofuel is
greater than the energy released from the unit mass of fossil fuels.
TWO METHODS TO FORM BIOFUEL :
A) SUGAR CROPS AND STARCH ARE GROWN AND THROUGH PROCESS OF FERMENTATION, ETHANOL IS PRODUCED.
B) PLANTS ARE GROWN NATURALLY TO PRODUCE OIL LIKE ALGAE.
- OILS ARE HEATED TO REDUCE VISCOSITY, THEN DIRECTLY USE AS FUEL FOR DIESEL ENGINES
THEY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE CATEGORIES
First generation Biofuel
• Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.
Second generation Biofuel
• Made from non-edible plant materials.
Third generation Biofuel
• Made from algae and microbes.
FIRST GENERATION BIOFUEL
FIRST GENERATION
Biodiesel
Biogas
SyngasBioalcohols
Vegetable Oil
BIODIESEL
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe Produced from oils or fats using trans-esterification
after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hydroxide.
methanol and sodium hyrox Produced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide Used for car diesel engiPrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
♫ Used for car diesel enginesoduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
♫ Used for car diesel engines
MAKING BIODIESEL
Inputs: Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide) Water
Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine
Bio-diesel feed stock:PalmCoconutJatropha curcas Rapeseed/ Mustard seedSunflowerCornSoybeanPeanutsAlgaeUsed restaurant oilAnimal fats
Palm seeds
Coconut seeds
Rapeseeds Jatropha seeds
Sunflower seeds CornSoybean seeds
Pond Algae
WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
APPLICATION OF BIODIESEL
car diesel engine effective solvent oxygenated fuel
ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not contain carcinogens and its sulphur content is also lesser than the mineral diesel.
It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating property
Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle. Domestic resource, Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and
storage; Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon
monoxide emissions.
DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL
Higher production cost.Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum diesel to attract moisture.Poor low temperature properties.
BIOALCOHOL
BIOALCOHOLS
Biologically produced alcohols, most commonly ethanol, and less commonly propanol and butanol.
Synthesis:Bioalcohols are produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of sugars or starches (easiest), or cellulose (which is more difficult).
APPLICATION OF BIO-ETHANOL
Petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline
fireplaces fuel for vehicles Ethanol fuel is the most commonly
used bio-fuel in the world and particularly in Brazil
VEGETABLE OIL
VEGETABLE OIL
Generally used for cooking purpose. It is used in several old diesel engines
that have indirect injection systems. Vegetable oil is mainly used for the
production of biodiesel.
BIOGAS
APPLICATION OF BIOGAS
To produce Electricity Cooking purpose to heat the digester space heating water heating process heating.
SYNGAS
Gas mixture of CO , CO2 and H2 is produced by partial combustion of biomass.
This is a gas that is produce after the combined process of
A)gasification B)combustion C)pyrolysis
.
APPLICATION OF SYNGAS
♣Can be used to produce methanol and hydrogen
♣Can be used to generate electricity
CONCLUSION
Biofuel production has lead to :
rural electrificationimproving agriculture job creation power to local community