b02 siklus akuntansi

2-1

Bagian 2 Siklus Akuntansi

List Materi :[1] Tahapan Siklus Akuntansi

[2] Klasifikasi Akun dan Bagan Akun Standar

[3] Karakteristik Akun

[4] Jurnal Transaksi

[5] Posting ke Ledger

[6] Laporan Posisi Keuangan Saldo

2-2

1. Analyze business transactions

2. Journalize the transactions

6. Prepare an adjusted trial balance

7. Prepare financial statements

8. Journalize and post closing entries

9. Prepare a post-closing trial balance

4. Prepare a trial balance

3. Post to ledger accounts

5. Journalize and post adjusting entries

Summary of the Accounting Cycle

2-3

Account NameDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

An individual accounting record of increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability, equity, revenue, or expense item.

Debit = “Left” Credit = “Right”

Account

An account can be illustrated in a T-

account form.

The Account

2-4

Alkisah pada sebuah Kantor Akuntan Publik ABC ada seorang akuntan senior yang hebat. Sebelum memulai pekerjaannya dia mempunyai sebuah kebiasaan yang selalu dilakukan, “Membuka laci, berkomat-kamit dan kemudian mengunci lacinya”. Hal ini dilakukan setiap hari sehingga membuat juniornya sangat penasaran.

Pada suatu waktu akuntan senior tersebut bertugas keluar kota. Sang junior yang penasaran membuka lacinya untuk mengetahui isinya. Setelah dibuka, ternyata ada secarik kertas kecil dengan tulisan :

► DEBIT di sebelah kiri KREDIT di sebelah kanan

The Account

Kisah Akuntan Hebat

2-5

Double-entry system► Each transaction must affect two or more accounts to

keep the basic accounting equation in balance.

► Recording done by debiting at least one account and crediting another.

► DEBITS must equal CREDITS.

The Account

Debits and Credits

2-6

Account NameDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

If Debit amounts are greater than Credit amounts, the account will have a debit balance.

$10,000 Transaction #2$3,000

$15,000

8,000Transaction #3

Balance

Transaction #1

Debits and Credits

2-7

Account NameDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

$10,000 Transaction #2$3,000

Balance

Transaction #1

$1,000

8,000 Transaction #3

If Debit amounts are less than Credit amounts, the account will have a credit balance.

Debits and Credits

2-8

Assets - Debits should exceed credits.

Liabilities – Credits should exceed debits.

Normal balance is on the increase side.

Chapter 3-23

AssetsAssetsDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Chapter 3-24

LiabilitiesLiabilitiesDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Debits and Credits

2-9

Issuance of share capital and revenues increase equity (credit).

Dividends and expenses decrease equity (debit).

Chapter 3-25

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Share CapitalShare Capital

Chapter 3-23

DividendsDividendsDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Chapter 3-25

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

EquityEquity

Chapter 3-25

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Retained EarningsRetained Earnings

Debits and Credits

2-10

Chapter 3-27

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

ExpenseExpense

Chapter 3-26

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

RevenueRevenue

Debits and Credits

The purpose of earning revenues is to benefit the shareholders.

The effect of debits and credits on revenue accounts is the same as their effect on equity.

Expenses have the opposite effect: expenses decrease equity.

2-11

Chapter 3-23

AssetsAssetsDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Chapter 3-27

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

ExpenseExpense

Normal Balance Credit

Normal Balance

Debit

Debit/Credit Rules

Chapter 3-24

LiabilitiesLiabilitiesDebit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

Chapter 3-25

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

EquityEquity

Chapter 3-26

Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.

Normal BalanceNormal Balance

RevenueRevenue

2-12

Income Statement= + -Asset Liability Equity Revenue Expense

Debit

Credit

Debit/Credit RulesStatement of

Financial Position

2-13

Debits:

a. increase both assets and liabilities.

b. decrease both assets and liabilities.

c. increase assets and decrease liabilities.

d. decrease assets and increase liabilities.

Debit/Credit Rules

Question

2-14

Accounts that normally have debit balances are:

a. assets, expenses, and revenues.

b. assets, expenses, and equity.

c. assets, liabilities, and dividends.

d. assets, dividends, and expenses.

Debit/Credit Rules

Question

2-15

Illustration 2-12

Summary of Debit/Credit Rules

Relationship among the assets, liabilities and equity of a business:

The equation must be in balance after every transaction. For every Debit there must be a Credit.

2-16

Accounts and account numbers arranged in sequence in which they are presented in the financial statements.

Illustration 2-19

Chart of Accounts

2-17

Book of original entry.

Transactions recorded in chronological order.

Contributions to the recording process:

1. Discloses the complete effects of a transaction.

2. Provides a chronological record of transactions.

3. Helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts can be easily compared.

Steps in the Recording Process

The Journal

2-18

Journalizing - Entering transaction data in the journal.

Illustration: On September 1, shareholders’ invested €15,000 cash in the corporation in exchange for share of stock, and Softbyte purchased computer equipment for €7,000 cash.

Account Title Ref. Debit CreditDateCash

Share capital-ordinary

Sept. 1 15,000

15,000

General Journal

Equipment

Cash

7,000

7,000

Illustration 2-14

Steps in the Recording Process

2-19

Simple and Compound EntriesIllustration: On July 1, Tsai Company purchases a delivery truck costing NT$420,000. It pays NT$240,000 cash now and agrees to pay the remaining NT$180,000 on account.

Account Title Ref. Debit CreditDateEquipment

Cash

July 1 420,000

240,000

General Journal

180,000Accounts payable

Illustration 2-15

Steps in the Recording Process

2-20

General Ledger contains the entire group of accounts maintained by a company.

Illustration 2-16

The Ledger

Steps in the Recording Process

2-21

Illustration 2-17

Steps in the Recording Process

Standard Form of Account

2-22

Posting – process of transferring amounts from the journal to the ledger accounts.

Illustration 2-18

Steps

2-23

Posting:

a. normally occurs before journalizing.

b. transfers ledger transaction data to the journal.

c. is an optional step in the recording process.

d. transfers journal entries to ledger accounts.

Posting

Question

2-24

Follow these steps:

1. Determine what type of account is involved.

2. Determine what items increased or decreased and by how much.

3. Translate the increases and decreases into debits and credits.

Illustration 2-20

The Recording Process Illustrated

2-25

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-21

2-26

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-22

2-27

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-23

2-28

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-24

2-29

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-25

2-30

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-26

2-31

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-27

2-32

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-28

2-33

The Recording Process Illustrated

Illustration 2-29

2-34

Basel Company recorded the following transactions in a general journal during the month of March. Post these entries to the Cash account.

Mar. 4 Cash 2,280Service Revenue 2,280

Mar. 15 Salaries and Wages Expense 400Cash 400

Mar. 19 Utilities Expense 92Cash 92

2-35 Illustration 2-31

2-36

Illustration 2-32

Trial Balance

A list of accounts and their balances at a given time

2-37

The trial balance may balance even when

1. a transaction is not journalized,

2. a correct journal entry is not posted,

3. a journal entry is posted twice,

4. incorrect accounts are used in journalizing or posting, or

5. offsetting errors are made in recording the amount of a transaction.

Trial Balance

Limitations of a Trial Balance

2-38

The trial balance may balance even when

1. a transaction is not journalized,

2. a correct journal entry is not posted,

3. a journal entry is posted twice,

4. incorrect accounts are used in journalizing or posting, or

5. offsetting errors are made in recording the amount of a transaction.

Trial Balance

Limitations of a Trial Balance

2-39

Transactions for the Kautsav Sen Company, which provide welding services, for the month of June are presented below. Identify the accounts to be debited and credited for each transaction.

June 1 Kautsav Sen invests $4,000 cash in exchange for ordinary shares in a small welding business.2 Purchases equipment on account for $9003 $800 cash is paid to landlord for June rent12 Sent an invoice to L. Nigh $300 for welding work done on account.

Journalize and post the transactions! (Omit the explanations)

Latihan Soal

Latihan 1 (BE2-2)

2-40

P1-1AP1-2AP1-3AP1-4A

Tugas

Bagian 1 (Halaman 40-41)P1-1BP1-2BP1-3BP1-4B

Bagian 2 (Halaman 85-89)P2-1BP2-2BP2-3BP2-4B

P2-1AP2-2AP2-3AP2-4A