audio medium & scripting. audio medium 9% writing 16% reading 30% speaking 45% listening...
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Audio Audio MediumMedium
� 9% Writing9% Writing
� 16% Reading16% Reading
� 30% Speaking30% Speaking
� 45% Listening45% Listening
Aural Communication Aural Communication BehaviorBehavior
Communication represents Communication represents
70% of our waking hours.70% of our waking hours.
Based on a Study by Paul Rankon at Ohio State UniversityBased on a Study by Paul Rankon at Ohio State University
75% Creating and 75% Creating and
InterpretingInterpreting
Aural MessagesAural Messages}
Audio Audio MediumMedium
DefinitionsDefinitions
� OralOral = spoken = spoken
� AuralAural = perceived by the ear = perceived by the ear
Aural LiteracyAural Literacy: : The learned ability to The learned ability to interpret and to create aural messages interpret and to create aural messages using appropriate signs to achieve a using appropriate signs to achieve a desired outcome.desired outcome.
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Hearing and ListeningHearing and Listening
� HEARINGHEARING: A Physiological : A Physiological
Process Process Sound Waves–Vibrations–Nerve ImpulsesSound Waves–Vibrations–Nerve Impulses
� LISTENINGLISTENING: A Psychological : A Psychological
Process Process Awareness–Identification Awareness–Identification
Recognition–Comprehension Recognition–Comprehension
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Advantages ofAdvantages of Aural Media Aural Media
� InexpensiveInexpensive
� Readily AvailableReadily Available
� Easy to Use/PortableEasy to Use/Portable
� Group or Individual UseGroup or Individual Use
� Adds InterestAdds Interest
� Non-verbal MessagesNon-verbal Messages
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Limitations of Limitations of Aural MediaAural Media
� Fixed Speed and SequenceFixed Speed and Sequence
� Audience May Hear but Not ListenAudience May Hear but Not Listen
� Production Can Be ExpensiveProduction Can Be Expensive
� Production Skills/Time ConsumingProduction Skills/Time Consuming
� Limited Audience ConcentrationLimited Audience Concentration
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Planning (Designing) Planning (Designing) Aural MessagesAural Messages
� the audiencethe audience
� the subject matterthe subject matter
� the desired outcomesthe desired outcomes
� method of presentationmethod of presentation
Considerations in Planning Aural MessagesConsiderations in Planning Aural Messages
Audio Audio MediumMedium
OutcomesOutcomes
� CognitiveCognitive - - recognizing/discriminatingrecognizing/discriminating
� PsychomotorPsychomotor - respond to - respond to oral commands, voice traningoral commands, voice traning
� AffectiveAffective - set mood, manage - set mood, manage feelings, stressfeelings, stress
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Aural Sign SystemAural Sign SystemElementsElements
� PitchPitch
� LoudnessLoudness
� TempoTempo
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Aural Sign SystemAural Sign SystemSignsSigns
� VoiceVoice
� Sound Effects/Natural SoundsSound Effects/Natural Sounds
� MusicMusic
� SilenceSilence
Audio Audio MediumMedium
VoiceVoice
� Narration (“Voice-over”)Narration (“Voice-over”)
� DialogDialog
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Sound Effects/Natural Sound Effects/Natural SoundsSounds
� Define SpaceDefine Space
� Establish LocaleEstablish Locale
� Emphasize/Intensify ActionEmphasize/Intensify Action
� Set PaceSet Pace
� Unify by TransitionUnify by Transition
Audio Audio MediumMedium
MusicMusic
� Establish LocaleEstablish Locale
� Emphasize ActionEmphasize Action
� Set PaceSet Pace
� Provide CounterpointProvide Counterpoint
� Provide TransitionProvide Transition
� Evoke Atmosphere/MoodEvoke Atmosphere/Mood
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Design GuidlinesDesign Guidlines
� CueCue
� Clear/ConciseClear/Concise
� Advance OrganizerAdvance Organizer
� Concurrent OrganizerConcurrent Organizer
� SummarySummary
� VarietyVariety
� ParticpationParticpation
� RepititionRepitition
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script Writing Script Writing
� Goal: To be understood!Goal: To be understood!
� Idea/Outcomes/ContentIdea/Outcomes/Content
� TreatmentTreatment
¦ Descriptive Synopsis of PresentationDescriptive Synopsis of Presentation
¦ Beginning, Flow, EndingBeginning, Flow, Ending
¦ Overall Structure–motivators, Overall Structure–motivators, organizers, presentation, transitions, organizers, presentation, transitions, review, closingreview, closing
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script WritingScript Writing
� Write to be HEARDWrite to be HEARD
� Write to your audienceWrite to your audience
� Clear organization, messageClear organization, message
� Simple Sentences–to the pointSimple Sentences–to the point
� Use pauses & other audio sourcesUse pauses & other audio sources
� Avoid distracting languageAvoid distracting language
� Active voiceActive voice
Selected PrinciplesSelected Principles
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script Writing–Active Script Writing–Active VoiceVoice
� Passive VoicePassive Voice: “An ordinance that : “An ordinance that extended swimming pool hours was extended swimming pool hours was passed by the City Council after it was passed by the City Council after it was pressured by a group of parents.”pressured by a group of parents.”
� Active VoiceActive Voice: “Pressured by a group of : “Pressured by a group of parents, the City Council extended parents, the City Council extended swimming pool hours.”swimming pool hours.”
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script WritingScript Writing
A Comprehension CheckA Comprehension CheckSyllables per 100 wordsSyllables per 100 words
100-130 Easy100-130 Easy
131-160 Average131-160 Average
161- up161- up Difficult Difficult
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script Writing with Script Writing with VisualsVisuals
� Audience Hears OnceAudience Hears Once
� Use PausesUse Pauses
� Audio PacingAudio Pacing
� No Visual DescriptionNo Visual Description
� No Reference to MediumNo Reference to Medium
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script Writing with Script Writing with VisualsVisuals
� No AbbreviationsNo Abbreviations
� Upper/Lower CaseUpper/Lower Case
� New Page/New SentenceNew Page/New Sentence
� Read AloudRead Aloud
� Rewrite Rewrite
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Picture the Visual Picture the Visual ImageImage
� TreatmentTreatment
� FunctionFunction
� Visual PacingVisual Pacing
� SequencesSequences
� EstheticsEsthetics
� PracticalityPracticality
� AudienceAudience
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Visual Production NotesVisual Production Notes
� LS: Long ShotLS: Long Shot
� MLS: Medium Long ShotMLS: Medium Long Shot
� MS: Medium ShotMS: Medium Shot
� MCU: Medium Close-UpMCU: Medium Close-Up
� CU: Close-UpCU: Close-Up
� ECU: Extreme Close-Up ECU: Extreme Close-Up
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Visual Production NotesVisual Production Notes
� Effect: cut-diss-wipe-fadeEffect: cut-diss-wipe-fade
� Brief DescriptionBrief Description
� Other Relevant Information Other Relevant Information
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Audio Production NotesAudio Production Notes
� Start/End Audio SegmentStart/End Audio Segment
� Fade up, Fade out, Hold UnderFade up, Fade out, Hold Under
� Audio, Source, LocationAudio, Source, Location
� Other Relevant Information Other Relevant Information
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Script Visualization Script Visualization PrinciplesPrinciples
� Clear & UncomplicatedClear & Uncomplicated
� Visually Relate ImagesVisually Relate Images
� Movements, ViewpointsMovements, Viewpoints
� TransitionsTransitions
� Review Review
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Presenting Audio Presenting Audio RecordingsRecordings
� Playback FormatsPlayback Formats� CassetteCassette� CDCD
� SystemsSystems� AmplificationAmplification� Balance/ModificationBalance/Modification� Speakers/FeedbackSpeakers/Feedback
� TechniquesTechniques� CueingCueing� Control LevelsControl Levels
�DATDAT
�Reel TapeReel Tape
�CartridgeCartridge
Audio Audio MediumMedium Audio Recording– Audio Recording–
System System ComponentsComponents
� MicrophoneMicrophone
� PlaybackPlayback
� MixerMixer
� RecorderRecorder
� Speaker/HeadphonesSpeaker/Headphones
Audio Audio MediumMedium
MediaLab Audio BoothMediaLab Audio Booth
Recorder
Playback
Playback
Cassette
Cassette
Cassette
Playback
1
2
3
4
Microphone
Playback
Turntable
51 2 43 6 M
Mixer
5
CD
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Producing Audio Producing Audio RecordingsRecordings
Audio Booth Training Audio Booth Training
MediaLabMediaLab
Instructional Technology and Development Instructional Technology and Development Center Center
Audio Audio MediumMedium
Audio Tape Audio Tape SynchronizationSynchronization
VOLUME RECORD MODE TONE START STOP
SYNC MODE
EJECTWOLLENSAK
PAUSELock
RECORD
Bass TrebleManual Auto0
1
23
456
7
8
Off
Recorder Controls
Record
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