au09 presentation ut118 1

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GIS for the Utility or MunicipalityWith AutoCAD® Map 3DRichard E ChappellGeospatial Application Engineer, CADsoft Consulting

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WelcomeRichard ChappellGeospatial Application EngineerCADsoft Consulting, Inc1295 W. Washington St., Suite 201, Tempe, AZ 85281480-820-0408 rick.chappell@cadsoft-consult.comhttp://www.cadsoft-consult.com/blogs/geo/http://www.linkedin.com/in/richardchappell

Please turn off phones, etc.

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How many are experienced CAD users?How many are GIS Professionals?How many are new to GIS?How many are just hanging out until the beer bust tonight?

What about you?

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Rewards (Not Bribes) at Booth #826

Supplies are limited – First come , first served

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Objectives

Understand the issues behind implementing GIS in an organization so you can make better informed decisions on your GIS design

See how AutoCAD Map can provide full GIS capability to an organization

Learn some basic tools for communicating and designing your GIS

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Critical GIS Design Elements

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Data Management

Discuss GIS Data Management ModelsDiscuss the Geospatial Value ChainDiscuss how the DWG file becomes a key tool in the GIS

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Single Geodatabase Model

Typically large, relational DBMSSuch as Oracle or SQL ServerMay use a middleware, such as ESRI’s ArcSDE

All data housed in single formatMay have multiple instances of grouped data sets

Could be managed file-based databasesShape filesSDFDWGAccessEtc.

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Multi-Format Data Model

Data is stored in multiple formats Can use data in original formats without conversionEasy to swap data (update)

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Centralized Storage Model

All data in same location DatabaseDrive/Folders for file-based data

Easy to administerPerform backups

Easy to share resourcesPotential single point of failureShared resources may not be available for low priority tasks

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Distributed Storage Model

Data stored in separate databases/drive/foldersDepartment databasesAllows “owner” to manage resourcesPotential performance hit going to different locations in the same sessionsNeed qualified people in departments

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Hybrid Model

Many organizations are a hybrid of these models

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Autodesk Geospatial Value Chain

Stage 1 – AutoCAD or LTStage 2 – Map 3DStage 3 – Map 3D and FDOStage 4 – Spatial DatabasesStage 5 – Topobase and Other Applications

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Stage 1 – AutoCAD or LT

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Stage 2 – Map 3D

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Stage 3 – Map 3D and FDO

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Stage 4 – Spatial Databases

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Stage 5 – Topobase and Other Applications

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Breaking Free of the DWG

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Attaching Drawings and Working With Objects

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Connecting to Feature Data Sources and working with Features

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Demo

Multi-format Data AccessShared data – different DWG front-ends

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Summary

There are a number of methodologies to store and manage geospatial data.

All provide value – some provide greater value than others

Understanding where you are currently can help you in moving further up the value chain

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Data Modeling

How-toMetodologiesOO vs RelationalSpatial

Graphic relationshipsDocumentation

UML?Domain ListsExisting vs Proposed

Managing Changes

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Data Modeling – Quick and Dirty

Manage ExpectationsYou’re not going to become a DBAYou’re not going to become an expert modelerYou will be able to communicate with Information technology people about requirements and data organizationYou will have some tools to communicate and share your GIS structure

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UML

Unified Modeling LanguageObject ModelRepresents Object classesShows inheritanceDoes not represent Database schemas directly

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Entity Relationship Diagrams

It has the benefit of showing the data structure and relationships between the data elements. It is an effective way to model the logical and then the physical data structure.

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Important Terminology

Conceptual ModelsLogical Models Physical Models SchemaEntityFieldDomainPrimary KeyForeign KeyData NormalizationNormal Forms

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Conceptual Models

Sometimes called domain models, these are created during the initial requirements gathering as a way to explore concepts withthe customer.

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Logical Models

The logical model is used to explore the domain and relationships. They depict entity types, but are rarely used other than as a stepping stone to the physical model.

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Physical Models

The physical model identifies the entities, attributes and relationships. The schema of the database is defined, with tables, columns and keys are identified.

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Schema

The schema describes the physical structure of the database. It consists of the table descriptions, columns, data types, etc.

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Entity

An identifiable object or concept in the database. Entities are stored in a table, and often the terms entity and table are usedinterchangeably.

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Field

An attribute of the entity. They are also called columns. These are the descriptive elements of the entity.

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Domain

The set of values allowed in an attribute (or field or column).

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Primary Key

The unique identifier used to identify a specific instance of the entity. The primary key can be a natural key, which is an existing data attribute that makes the instance unique, or it could be a surrogate key, which is an attribute specifically added to uniquely identify each instance.

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Foreign Key

The foreign key is a link from a different table to the primary key of a different table. For example, a transformer bank consists of several transformers. Each transformer will have an attribute that links to the primary key of the transformer bank table. That link attribute is the foreign key. Primary and foreign keys are the elements that make database relationships, or joins, possible

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Keys

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Data Normalization

A process used to reduce redundancy in a database. For example, if every address record in a system includes the city, state and zip code values, it would duplicate these items many times over. Normalizing would place the city, state and zip codein a look up table that is linked by the zip code. The zip code becomes unique to that listing of city and state, and then only that item is duplicated. The city and state are placed only during reports when called.

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Data Normalization

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Normal Forms

Specific rule sets applying to data normalization. There are five normal forms, although the first three are the most common.

Some FormsLevel Rule

First normal form (1NF) An entity type is in 1NF when it contains no repeating groups of data.

Second normal form (2NF) An entity type is in 2NF when it is in 1NF and when all of its non-key attributes are fully dependent on its primary key.

Third normal form (3NF) An entity type is in 3NF when it is in 2NF and when all of its attributes are directly dependent on the primary key.

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CardinalityThe relationship of a table joined to another – particularly relating to the numbers of one object to another. Also expresses whether a relationship is required.Examples:A transformer bank is made of at least one transformer, and to three transformers.There may be none or many valves associated to a pipe.

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Tools

Professional tools – ERWIN, etcProsumer – Access, OpenOffice Base Relationship

Purists will insist these aren’t ERD tools, but they will allow us to design and document out systems

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The process: A Basic Approach

Identify Entity TypesIdentify AttributesApply Naming ConventionsIdentify RelationshipsAssign KeysNormalize to reduce redundancyDenormalize to improve performance

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What about non-database data

You can include non-database entities in the ERD for design purposes by representing them as entitiesInclude pertinent attributes

Example: AutoCAD objects – Layer, and color or linetype if appropirateLinks to external databases and be modeled

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Spatial Relationships

Relationships between objects can be maintained entirely through geographic relationshipsLinking objects based on adjacency or by overlaying

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Spatial Relationships

Relationships between objects can be maintained entirely through geographic relationshipsLinking objects based on adjacency or by overlayingCommonly called “spatial analysis”

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Map’s Spatial Relationship Tools

Intersect

Union

Identity

Erase

Clip

Paste

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Data Warehousing

A data warehouse is a repository of data designed to speed up and facilitate data reporting and analysisCan be created by “pre running” common queries and storing them as tables in the databaseDenormalized Spatial data relationships can be warehoused as well.

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CAD Standards

Use CAD Standards to help with designLayers are the most common method to segregate data in AutoCAD drawings

Including the standards during the design process is a good way to ensure compatibility between systems

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Object Classification allows the creation of object classes thatrepresent real-world artifactsThe Object Class will include defined data standards, as well asdrawing propertiesClasses can match database elements to provide a common structure across data formats

Let’s look at an example – Utility Toolkits

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Documentation

Keeping a record of the entities, attributes, domains and other elementsCreate a data dictionary describing data elements

After some time goes by, the meaning of cryptic attribute names becomes forgotten

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Application Design

GIS exists to solve some business problemApplication design will heavily impact database design

Application needs assessmentDetermine Potential ApplicationsIdentify target attributesReview user work requirements Identify targets of opportunities where GIS applications can solve specific problems or increase user productivity

Specific tools will dictate model requirements

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Integrating Across Systems

Top 10 applications across utilities1.Landbase Model2.Work Management3.Facility Model Analysis/Planning4.Operations and Maintenance5.Document Management6.Customer Information Systems7.Workforce Automation8.Regulatory Reporting9.Environmental Testing10.Marketing

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Integration

Integration can be accomplished through programmingUsing developer kits to write programs to share information with other systems

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Integration through HTML

Integration can take place through internet linksCalls to documents or Active Server Pages (or other web interfaces) can be attributes

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Example(Maricopa County Assessor’s GIS)

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Example(Maricopa County Assessor’s GIS)

Selecting the parcel 151-06-010,the following link is submitted to the system:

http://www.maricopa.gov/Assessor/ParcelApplication/Detail.aspx?ID=151-06-010

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Design Integration

Business challenge rather than technical challengeScale, generalization, granularity, and others that make the integration difficultGraphic entities may need to be replaced or adjusted upon entry into the GISEnsure design standards are appropriately matched with GIS standards

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Application Examples (by industry)

Workflows Common (across industries and government)Scheduled MaintenanceCustomer NotificationsNew InstallsDig Tickets/ClearancesFacility replacements

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Application Examples (by industry)

ElectricOutageCable SagPole Spacing

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Application Examples (by industry)

WaterValve TurningHydrant MaintenanceFlow

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Application Examples (by industry)

SanitaryFlowCleanout (pigs)

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Application Examples (by industry)

Storm100-year flow rates500-year flow rates

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Application Examples (by industry)

-CommunicationsSignal LevelsSwitching

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Application Examples (by industry)

-Land ManagementOwnershipParcel Split/Merges

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Thanks!Richard ChappellGeospatial Application EngineerCADsoft Consulting, Inc1295 W. Washington St., Suite 201, Tempe, AZ 85281480-820-0408 rick.chappell@cadsoft-consult.comhttp://www.cadsoft-consult.com/blogs/geo/http://www.linkedin.com/in/richardchappell

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