air quality in europe 1999
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EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 11
Air Quality in Europe 1999Air Quality in Europe 1999Air Quality in Europe 1999Air Quality in Europe 1999
Steinar Larssen, Kevin J. Barrett, Steinar Larssen, Kevin J. Barrett, Jaroslav Fiala, Justin Goodwin,Jaroslav Fiala, Justin Goodwin,Leif Otto Hagen, Jan F. Henriksen,Leif Otto Hagen, Jan F. Henriksen,Frank de Leeuw and Leonor Frank de Leeuw and Leonor
TarrasonTarrason
State-Impact-Trends-Causes-State-Impact-Trends-Causes-ResponsesResponses
Steinar Larssen, Kevin J. Barrett, Steinar Larssen, Kevin J. Barrett, Jaroslav Fiala, Justin Goodwin,Jaroslav Fiala, Justin Goodwin,Leif Otto Hagen, Jan F. Henriksen,Leif Otto Hagen, Jan F. Henriksen,Frank de Leeuw and Leonor Frank de Leeuw and Leonor
TarrasonTarrason
State-Impact-Trends-Causes-State-Impact-Trends-Causes-ResponsesResponses
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 22
Overview of ReportOverview of ReportOverview of ReportOverview of Report
DPSIR SI – DP – RDPSIR SI – DP – R
DDriving forcesriving forces
Health-affecting APHealth-affecting AP SStatetate
Ecosystems-affecting APEcosystems-affecting AP IImpactmpact
Materials-affecting APMaterials-affecting AP Causes Causes ( (PPressure)ressure)
RResponses to policiesesponses to policies
DPSIR SI – DP – RDPSIR SI – DP – R
DDriving forcesriving forces
Health-affecting APHealth-affecting AP SStatetate
Ecosystems-affecting APEcosystems-affecting AP IImpactmpact
Materials-affecting APMaterials-affecting AP Causes Causes ( (PPressure)ressure)
RResponses to policiesesponses to policies
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 33
Development in Driving forcesDevelopment in Driving forcesDevelopment in Driving forcesDevelopment in Driving forces
Sector Driving force development 1990-1998
Emissions development 1990-1998
Energy +15.5 % energy consumption
-54 % SO2 emissions -38 % NOx emissions
Road Transport + 16 % passenger - km +35% tonne – km
-23 % NOx emissions -42 % VOC emissions
Industry Fairly stable industrial output
-54 % SO2 emissions -23 % NOx emissions
Agriculture Fairly stable agricultural output
-6 % NHx emissions.
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 44
IndicatorsIndicatorsIndicatorsIndicators
Topic Policy target indicator
Underlying indicators
Human health Area/cities with exceedance of LV
Exposure and health risk
Tropospheric ozone and ecosystems
Emissions of precursor gases
Area of exceedance of LV for crops/ forest
Acidification/ eutrophication
Emissions of acidifying gases (SO2, NOx)
Area of exceedance of critical loads
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 55
Pressures – Sectoral contributionsPressures – Sectoral contributionsPressures – Sectoral contributionsPressures – Sectoral contributions
8 %
26 %
7 %
13 %
9 %
12 %
13 %
18 %
34 %
25 %
5 %
53 %
65 %
32 %
46 %
31 %
4 %
8 %
4 %
20 %
34 %
16 %
8 %
61 %
0 %
0 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
2 %
0 %
0 %
7 %
3 %
6 %
6 %
3 %
1 %
0 %
1 %
0 %
0 %
0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %
Eutrophyingpotential
Acidifying potential
Sulphur dioxide
Tropospheric Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
PM10
Energy Industry Transport Agriculture Waste Other Fugitive Emissions
He
alth
Ma
teria
ls
Eco
system
s
Potential Pollutant Emission Pressures
Contributing Economic Sector DriversPotential Impacts
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 66
Selected health-effect Selected health-effect related Indicatorsrelated Indicators
Selected health-effect Selected health-effect related Indicatorsrelated Indicators
PM10 - 36th highest day (24h)
Ozone - 26th highest day (8h)
NO2 - Annual average
SO2 - 4th highest day (24h)
CO - Max 8 hour value
PM10 - 36th highest day (24h)
Ozone - 26th highest day (8h)
NO2 - Annual average
SO2 - 4th highest day (24h)
CO - Max 8 hour value
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 77
Health-affecting Air Pollution - Health-affecting Air Pollution - SummarySummary
Health-affecting Air Pollution - Health-affecting Air Pollution - SummarySummary
Extent of exceedances Max
PM10 Urban:
In 15 % of 135 cities 2 x LV
Rural: Approaches LV in some areas
NO2 Urban:
In 21 % of 607 cities 3 x LV
Rural: Low concentrations
O3 Urban:
In 28 % of 406 cities 1.6 x LV
Rural: Higher than in urban areas
SO2 Urban:
In 6 % of 366 cities 2.5 > LV
Rural: Low concentrations
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 88
PM10PM10UrbanUrbanBackgroundBackground,,19991999
PM10PM10UrbanUrbanBackgroundBackground,,19991999
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 99
PM10 PM10 Hot spot,Hot spot,19991999
PM10 PM10 Hot spot,Hot spot,19991999
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1010
PM10PM10HighestHighestcities,cities,19991999
PM10PM10HighestHighestcities,cities,19991999
Annual average valueUrban background stations
0 20 40 60
OSTRAVA
DENHAAG
WOJ KOWICE
BERNBURG
VENTADEB.
GLIWICE
MAINZ
PIEKARY.
µg/m3
Annual average valueUrban hotspot stations
ITTTTTTTIT
TTT
TT
TI
0 20 40 60 80
CADIZLUDWIGSHAF
HALLESEGOVIAZAMORAHUELVA
ALMERIAZÜRICHZABRZE
LEONPRAHA
MADRIDKRAKOWSEVILLA
CORDOBAROMA
MEDINADELC.
µg/m3
36. highest daily valueUrban background stations
0 20 40 60 80 100
CHARLEROI
PRAHA
OPAVA
MOST
ROESELAERE
CHOMUTOV
HAVIROV
KARVINA
TEPLICE
PREROV
LUGANO
FRYDEK-MISTEK
KRAKOW
VENTADEBAÑOS
ROTTERDAM
BRUSSELS
V.N.TELHA
KATOWICE
DENHAAG
OSTRAVA
WOJKOWICE
ERMESINDE
MAINZ
BERNBURG
GLIWICE
PIEKARYSLASKIE
µg/m3
36. highest daily valueUrban hotspot stations
TTTTTTTTTTTTTITTTTT
TT
TITTITTI
T
0 20 40 60 80 100
PAMPLONA/IRUÑAAPELDOORN
ZARAGOZAGRANADA
EINDHOVENUTRECHT
VLAARDINGENZAMORA
WEISSENFELSALMERIASEGOVIA
SOSNOWIECBERLIN
CADIZBERNLEON
ZÜRICHLUDWIGSHAFEN
HUELVAAOSTAHALLE
CORDOBAZABRZESEVILLAMADRID
MEDINADELCAMPKRAKOW
PRAHACUSTÓIAS
ROMA
µg/m3
36. highest daily valueRural stations
0 20 40 60 80
CZ NL CH NL NL NL CZ PL
µg/m3
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1111
PM10 PM10 TrendsTrendsPM10 PM10
TrendsTrends
A n n u a l a v e r a g e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s , a l l s t a t i o n t y p e s p m 1 0 , a v g , a l l , h o u r + d a y
0 , 0 0
1 0 , 0 0
2 0 , 0 0
3 0 , 0 0
4 0 , 0 0
5 0 , 0 0
6 0 , 0 0
1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
ug/m
3
B E ( 1 2 )
C Z ( 5 6 )
F I ( 2 )
N L ( 1 9 )
N O ( 3 )
P L ( 8 )
E S ( 2 4 )
S E ( 2 )
C H ( 2 )
U K ( 4 9 )
9 5 t h p e r c e n t i l e d a i l y c o n c e n t r a t i o n s (a p p r o x . 1 8 t h h i g h e s t ), a l l s t a t i o n t y p e s
(o n l y s t a t i o n s w i t h s a m p l e r s g i v i n g d a i l y d a t a ) p m 1 0 , p 9 5 , a l l , d a y
0 , 0 0
2 0 , 0 0
4 0 , 0 0
6 0 , 0 0
8 0 , 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0
1 2 0 , 0 0
1 4 0 , 0 0
1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
ug/m
3
B E ( 1 3 )
C Z ( 5 6 )
F I ( 2 )
N L ( 1 5 )
N O ( 3 )
P L ( 8 )
C H ( 1 )
U K ( 4 9 )
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1212
Ozone atOzone atruralruralstations,stations,19991999
Ozone atOzone atruralruralstations,stations,19991999
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1313
Ozone Ozone trendstrendsOzone Ozone trendstrends
H o u r l y m a x i u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n , r u r a l s t a t i o n s , 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 9
O 3 , m a x , b a k , r u r , h o u r
0 , 0 0
5 0 , 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0
1 5 0 , 0 0
2 0 0 , 0 0
2 5 0 , 0 0
3 0 0 , 0 0
1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
ug/m3
A T ( 4 )
B E ( 3 )
F I ( 3 )
N L ( 8 )
C H ( 7 )
U K ( 1 1 )
H o u r l y m a x i m u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n , r u r a l s t a t i o n s , 1 9 9 5 - 1 9 9 9
O 3 , m a x , b a k , r u r , h o u r
0 , 0 0
5 0 , 0 0
1 0 0 , 0 0
1 5 0 , 0 0
2 0 0 , 0 0
2 5 0 , 0 0
1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
ug/m3
A T ( 5 7 )
B E ( 1 0 )
C Z ( 1 2 )
D K ( 2 )
E E ( 3 )
F I ( 7 )
D E ( 5 4 )
L V ( 1 )
L T ( 1 )
N L ( 2 2 )
P L ( 8 )
S I ( 2 )
E S ( 5 )
C H ( 7 )
U K ( 1 1 )
A n n u a l a v e r a g e c o n c e n t r a t i o n , r u r a l s t a t i o n s , 1 9 9 5 - 1 9 9 9
O 3 , a v g , b a k , r u r , h o u r
0 , 0 0
1 0 , 0 0
2 0 , 0 0
3 0 , 0 0
4 0 , 0 0
5 0 , 0 0
6 0 , 0 0
7 0 , 0 0
8 0 , 0 0
9 0 , 0 0
1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9
ug/m3
A T ( 5 7 )
B E ( 1 0 )
C Z ( 1 2 )
D K ( 2 )
E E ( 3 )
F I ( 7 )
D E ( 5 4 )
L V ( 1 )
L T ( 1 )
N L ( 2 2 )
P L ( 8 )
S I ( 2 )
E S ( 5 )
C H ( 7 )
U K ( 1 1 )
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1414
NONO22 in cities,in cities,19991999
NONO22 in cities,in cities,19991999
Urban BackgroundAnnualaverage
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1515
NONO22 trends, cities trends, citiesNONO22 trends, cities trends, cities
Annual average concentration, all station types NO2, avg, all, day
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
ug
/m3
AT(24)
BE(8)
DK(2)
FI(5)
GR(3)
NL(18)
ES(7)
SE(5)
UK(25)
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1616
SO2 SO2 in cities,in cities,19991999
SO2 SO2 in cities,in cities,19991999
UrbanBackground4th highestday
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1717
Impact of Urban Air Quality,Impact of Urban Air Quality,19991999
Impact of Urban Air Quality,Impact of Urban Air Quality,19991999
Population exposure estimate:Population exposure estimate:
Percentage of urban population in Percentage of urban population in Europe living in cities where LV is Europe living in cities where LV is exceeded in places:exceeded in places:
NONO22 40-60%40-60%
OO33 20-30%20-30%
PM10PM10 10-15%10-15%
BenzeneBenzene 50%50%
Population exposure estimate:Population exposure estimate:
Percentage of urban population in Percentage of urban population in Europe living in cities where LV is Europe living in cities where LV is exceeded in places:exceeded in places:
NONO22 40-60%40-60%
OO33 20-30%20-30%
PM10PM10 10-15%10-15%
BenzeneBenzene 50%50%
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1818
Regional NOx concentrations,Regional NOx concentrations,19991999
Regional NOx concentrations,Regional NOx concentrations,19991999
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 1919
Total deposition of acidity,Total deposition of acidity,19991999
Total deposition of acidity,Total deposition of acidity,19991999
H+ equivalentsper hectare p.a.
Calculated by EMEP-MSCW
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2020
Trend in acidity depositionTrend in acidity depositionTrend in acidity depositionTrend in acidity depositionReductions sulphur and nitrogen,Reductions sulphur and nitrogen,1990-19991990-1999Reductions sulphur and nitrogen,Reductions sulphur and nitrogen,1990-19991990-1999
Average deposition of nitrogen in precipitation:
12-month running average as percentage of 1990 depositions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Reduction inSulphur deposition1990/92-1997/99
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2121
Impacts of Impacts of ozone on ozone on crops,crops,19991999
Impacts of Impacts of ozone on ozone on crops,crops,19991999
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2222
Impact of acidity, 1999Impact of acidity, 1999Impact of acidity, 1999Impact of acidity, 1999Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile critical load for acidity (eq/ha/yr), 1999 percentile critical load for acidity (eq/ha/yr), 1999 Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile critical load for acidity (eq/ha/yr), 1999 percentile critical load for acidity (eq/ha/yr), 1999
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2323
Impact of eutrophication 1999Impact of eutrophication 1999Impact of eutrophication 1999Impact of eutrophication 1999Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile critical load for nutrient nitrogen (eq/ha/yr)critical load for nutrient nitrogen (eq/ha/yr) Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile Average accumulated exceedance of the 5-percentile critical load for nutrient nitrogen (eq/ha/yr)critical load for nutrient nitrogen (eq/ha/yr)
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2424
Impact of acidity, 1999Impact of acidity, 1999Impact of acidity, 1999Impact of acidity, 1999Area of sensitive ecosystems in each country exceeding Area of sensitive ecosystems in each country exceeding critical load for acidity,critical load for acidity, 19991999 Area of sensitive ecosystems in each country exceeding Area of sensitive ecosystems in each country exceeding critical load for acidity,critical load for acidity, 19991999
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Nethe
rland
s
Czech
Rep
.
Ger
man
y
Hunga
ry
Franc
eUK.
Slovak
ia
Luxe
mbo
urg
Poland EU
Belgium
Norway
Belaru
s
Irelan
dIta
ly
Austri
a
Switzer
land
Sweden
Europ
e
Finlan
d
Croat
ia
Mold
ova
Portu
gal
Denm
ark
Bulgar
ia
Russia
n Fed
.
Ukrain
eSpa
in
Eston
ia
Latv
ia
Lithu
ania
Sloven
ia
Bosnia
/Her
z.
Yugos
lavia
Roman
ia
Albania
FYRMac
edon
ia
Gre
ece
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2525
Impact of eutrophication 1999Impact of eutrophication 1999Impact of eutrophication 1999Impact of eutrophication 1999Area of each sensitive ecosystems country Area of each sensitive ecosystems country exceeding critical load for nutrient nitrogen, 1999exceeding critical load for nutrient nitrogen, 1999 Area of each sensitive ecosystems country Area of each sensitive ecosystems country exceeding critical load for nutrient nitrogen, 1999exceeding critical load for nutrient nitrogen, 1999
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Parties to LRTAP Convention
%
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Ecosystem area potentiallyEcosystem area potentially
damageddamaged by air pollution, EEA18by air pollution, EEA18 Ecosystem area potentiallyEcosystem area potentially
damageddamaged by air pollution, EEA18by air pollution, EEA18
Ecosystem damage area (exceedance of 5th percentile critical load)
0
5
10
15
20
25
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
pe
rce
nta
ge
of
co
un
try
are
a
Acidification
Eutrophication
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2727
Trend in impact on ecosystems, Trend in impact on ecosystems, 1990-19991990-1999
Trend in impact on ecosystems, Trend in impact on ecosystems, 1990-19991990-1999
Area of each country exceeding Area of each country exceeding critical loadscritical loadsArea of each country exceeding Area of each country exceeding critical loadscritical loads
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Austri
a
Belgium
Denm
ark
Finlan
d
Franc
e
Germ
any
Greec
e
Irelan
dIta
ly
Luxe
mbo
urg
Nethe
rland
s
Portu
gal
Spain
Sweden
United
King
dom
Norway
Who
le ar
ea
%
1990
1999
Acidity
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2828
Trend in impact on ecosystems, Trend in impact on ecosystems, 1990-19991990-1999
Trend in impact on ecosystems, Trend in impact on ecosystems, 1990-19991990-1999
Area of each country exceeding Area of each country exceeding critical loadscritical loadsArea of each country exceeding Area of each country exceeding critical loadscritical loads
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80%
1990
1999
Nutrient Nitrogen
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 2929
Sectoral contributions to emissions,Sectoral contributions to emissions,EU-1999EU-1999
Sectoral contributions to emissions,Sectoral contributions to emissions,EU-1999EU-1999
8 %
26 %
7 %
13 %
9 %
12 %
13 %
18 %
34 %
25 %
5 %
53 %
65 %
32 %
46 %
31 %
4 %
8 %
4 %
20 %
34 %
16 %
8 %
61 %
0 %
0 %
1 %
1 %
1 %
2 %
0 %
0 %
7 %
3 %
6 %
6 %
3 %
1 %
0 %
1 %
0 %
0 %
0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %
Eutrophyingpotential
Acidifying potential
Sulphur dioxide
Tropospheric Ozone
Nitrogen oxides
PM10
Energy Industry Transport Agriculture Waste Other Fugitive Emissions
He
alth
Ma
teria
ls
Eco
system
s
Potential Pollutant Emission Pressures
Contributing Economic Sector DriversPotential Impacts
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 3030
Trends in EU 15 Emissions,Trends in EU 15 Emissions,1990-19991990-1999
Trends in EU 15 Emissions,Trends in EU 15 Emissions,1990-19991990-1999
Compound Change 1990-1999
PM10, primary+precursors - 34.5 %
NOx - 25.5 %
Ozone precursors (TOPF equiv.)
- 28 %
SO2 - 60 %
Acidifying gases (acid equiv.) - 38 %
Eutrophying components - 17.5 %
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 3131
Trends in emissionsTrends in emissionsTrends in emissionsTrends in emissionsExample: PM10, primary + precursorsExample: PM10, primary + precursors
Emissions of Primary PM10 and PM10 Precursors (NOx, SO2, and NH3) 1990 -1999
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
1980
Sec
tor
1999
Sec
tor
1990
poll
utan
t
1999
Poll
utan
t
Ma
ss
of
Pri
ma
ry P
M1
0 a
nd
Ae
ros
ol
(kt)
Other
Waste
Agriculture
Other Transport
Road Transport
Industry
Fugitive Emissions
Energy Industries
NH3
SO2
NOx
PM10 (Primary)
EU15 Total PM10 andsecondary aerosol
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEEUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGEN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stlN:\adm\arkiv\overhead\stl\etc-acc\geneve.ppt \etc-acc\geneve.ppt 3232
Summary of AQ trendsSummary of AQ trendsSummary of AQ trendsSummary of AQ trends NO2: Annual average: 12-15% red. (90-99)NO2: Annual average: 12-15% red. (90-99)
19th hour: 19th hour: 6-13% red. (95-99) 6-13% red. (95-99) PM10: Annual average: 4-25% red. (97-99)PM10: Annual average: 4-25% red. (97-99)
35th day: 17-36% red. (95-97) 35th day: 17-36% red. (95-97) O3: Annual average: 20% incr. (95-99)O3: Annual average: 20% incr. (95-99)
25th day: 12% red. (95-99) 25th day: 12% red. (95-99) SO2: Annual average: 50% red. (93-98)SO2: Annual average: 50% red. (93-98)
NO2: Annual average: 12-15% red. (90-99)NO2: Annual average: 12-15% red. (90-99) 19th hour: 19th hour: 6-13% red. (95-99) 6-13% red. (95-99)
PM10: Annual average: 4-25% red. (97-99)PM10: Annual average: 4-25% red. (97-99) 35th day: 17-36% red. (95-97) 35th day: 17-36% red. (95-97)
O3: Annual average: 20% incr. (95-99)O3: Annual average: 20% incr. (95-99) 25th day: 12% red. (95-99) 25th day: 12% red. (95-99)
SO2: Annual average: 50% red. (93-98)SO2: Annual average: 50% red. (93-98)
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