agroforestry and sustainable vegetable production in south east asian watersheds

AGROFORESTRY AND SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTH EAST ASIAN WATERSHEDS

TRIKOESOEMANINGTYASHERIEN PUSPITAWATI

Vegetable Agroforestry System

1. Aleviate poverty2. Aleviate food scarcity

3. Reduce environmental degradation of watersheds

Importance of womenin small scale farms socio cultural constraints

time and mobility constraints

Lack in participation Lack in access to the benefits

Needs gender-sensitive project planning

T M P E G S

Objective 5 : Gender

1. to ensure women involvement in decision making2. to ensure women participation in VAF production

and marketing training3. Involvement in women farmers' or marketing

association

Gender Sensitive Project Planning and Implementation

FY-1 –FY 2: Gender Analysis

1. Gender baseline survey

a. activity profileb. access and control of resourcesc. decision making profiled. local wisdom

2. Focus Group Discussion

Women's collective views on a. adoption indigenous vegetable productionb. pariticipation in trainingsc. organization of women in production and marketing

groups/association (June 2007)

- Based on surveys on women perception of problems- Women practical needs are more dominant Gender Practical Needs

- Financial difficulties (73.2%)- Food provision (48.6%)- Health care (50.3 %)

Gender Strategic Interests- low participation in organization (76.5%)- low competency (68.5%)

Gender Specific Needs:

1. Assesment on Baseline Data

Access and Control Profile gender differences exist in access and control over lands and production inputs

a. Land :- only 13.8% of women have access to land and only 13.1 have control over land (linked to access to credit)

b. Production inputs- only 12.9 % women have access to credits and fewer (3.3%) have access or control over production inputs and technologies

c. Marketing- Only 1.6 % of women have access and control the postharvest technologies, - But more (12.6%) have access and control over marketing

d. Organization and trainings- 9.1 % of women have access to organization- 14.5 % of women have access to training

Gender role in Decision Making

-Gender differences in decision making

-Men are dominant in farm financial planning and expenditures

-Women are dominant in family financial decision making

-Women are motivated to learn about managing family finance (40.2%) , -Only 11.2% are motivated to learn about farm financial management (11.2%)-Both women and men involve in the decision on what commodity to plant (34%) and utilization of home garden (26.1%)

Copping Stategies

Men : - 44% finds extra jobs- 5.5 % ask wife to work

Women : - 79.4 % reduce food expenses- 42.2 % reduce health care expenses- 36. 9% reduce education expenses

Activity Profile

- Women allocated more time for domestic works (4 - 10 hr/day)

- Women allocated only less than 4 hours for agriculture production. - Women who work in ricefields allocate more time and who work in dry land farming allocate less time.

b. productive role

a. Reproductive role

- Women involvement in community works and organization is limited.

- 95.1 % involves in religous meeting (majlis taklim)

- 33.3% involves in volunteer works (health and education)

c. Community roles

Local Wisdom

-Local wisdoms (norm, beliefs) leading to gender differences

a. Men

- able to work and provide for the family (40.4 %)- responsible to family welfare (16.9 %)

b. Women

- obidience to husband (36.6%)- able to do domestic chores (14.8 %)

Gender Issues Related to Strategic Objectives

SO 1 : Involvement of women in decision process

Women have little role in decision in farming activiies10.2 % in financial planning 9.3 % in purchase of production input

Women participate in decision on type of commodity to plant (34.4%)

Men dominate in decision on the utilization of home garden (47.4%)

SO2 : participation in production and marketing

Women involvement in non-rice based farming is limited (9.6- 12.1%)

Women have little access and control over resources13.0% have access over land12.9% have access over credit3.3 % have access over production inputs and labour

Most women (83.6%) do not consider marketing farm produce as their concern.12 % have access and control over marketing

Constraints for Women Participation in VAF system

Gender Strategic Needs- low participation in organization (76.5%)- low competency/skills (68.5%)

Socio-cultural Constraints

1. No specific cultural constraint for women to participate2. Norm and values emphasize on women reproductive

and domestic roles3. Little involvement in decision making4. Copping strategies do not involve income generating

Time and Mobility Constraints

- women do not have time constraint to participate

- Women have mobility constraint due to lack of transportation and distance

2. Focus Group Discussion

Objectives :

To obtain women's collective views on indigenous

vegetables in VAF system To obtain women's views on mechanism to ensure

women participation in trainings To provide information on values and utilization of

indigenous vegetables

The Participants :

1. Women farmers

2. Health care volunteer

workers (kader posyandu)

3. Representatives of women

organization (PKK)

4. Women with young children

30 Women from Hambaro village

1 Women Views indigenous vegetable in VAF system

• All women are familiar with the indigenous vegetables

• Most have cultivate leafy vegetables (kangkung, katuk)

• Most consider leafy vegetable more marketable

• Most consider Honje and Tebu Trubuk less marketable

• Most likely to plant leafy vegetables

• Most would like to adopt the pratice but unsure of marketing

women's views on mechanism to ensure women participation in trainings

Most women would like to participate in trainings

Training should be done on days when there is no

meeting at majlis taklim (local specific)

Distance to training place is a major concern (cost of transportation )

Most would like to have training on family fanancial management

Participants in visit the trials before the meeting

Values and utilization

of

indigenous vegetables

1. Nutritional values of indigenous vegetables2. Medicinal properties of some indigenous vegetables3. Tips on storage of fresh vegetables4. Tips on processing fresh vegetables

Values and Utilization of Indigenous Vegetables

The Cooking Class

Next in Schedule

1. Studies on dynamics of Women Organization

2. Formulation of recommendation of gender sensitive planning

3. Training on family financial management and copping strategies

4. Materials for gender awareness training

Proposal for Expansion of Activities

Practical needs still dominatesLinked between practical needs and strategic interests

Needs for agriculture based empowerment of women and families

Intervention in developing training for farm familiesIntervention at institutional level (scheem of credits, regulations)

Participating Scientists :

1. Trikoesoemaningtyas(Dept. Agronomy Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB)

2. Herien Puspitawati(Dept. Family and Consumers Sciences,

Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB)

Student Involvement :

1 Doctorate student3 undergraduate students