acids, bases, neutralization, & ph notes part 2. acids 1. an acid is a material that can release...

Acids, Bases, Neutralization, & pH Notes

Part 2

Acids

1. An acid is a material that can release a proton or hydrogen ion (H+).

2. Acids release hydrogen ions (H+) into water (aqueous) solution.

Acids

3. Acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction.• An acid and a base combine to make a salt and water.• A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with

the anion of an acid and the cation of a base.• The hydrogen ion (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide

ion (OH-) of the base unite to form water.

ACID + BASE SALT + WATERHCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Acids

4. Acids corrode active metals.5. Acids turn blue litmus to red.6. Acids taste sour. DO NOT TASTE LAB

CHEMICALS!!!

Acids

7. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution.8. Weak acids do not completely dissociate in

solution.

Acids

9. Examples of acids:• nitric acid--HNO3

• hydrochloric acid--HCl• sulfuric acid--H2SO4

• perchloric acid--HClO4

• hydrobromic acid--HBr• hydroiodic acid--HI

Acid Rain

• Please read article provided by the USGS at http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html

Bases

1. Bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) into water (aqueous) solution.

2. Bases are very dangerous because they can denature proteins.

Bases

3. Bases neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction.• An acid and a base combine to make a salt and water.• A salt is any ionic compound that could be made with

the anion of an acid and the cation of a base.• The hydrogen ion (H+) of the acid and the hydroxide

ion (OH-) of the base unite to form water.

BASE + ACID SALT + WATERKOH + HCl KCl + H2O

Bases

4. Bases feel slippery.5. Bases turn red litmus to blue.6. Bases taste bitter. DO NOT TASTE LAB

CHEMICALS!!!

Bases

7. Strong bases completely dissociate in solution.

8. Weak bases do not completely dissociate in solution.

Bases

9. Examples of bases:• lithium hydroxide--LiOH• sodium hydroxide--NaOH• potassium hydroxide--KOH• rubidium hydroxide--RbOH• cesium hydroxide--CsOH• magnesium hydroxide--Mg(OH)2

• calcium hydroxide--Ca(OH)2

• strontium hydroxide--Sr(OH)2

• barium hydroxide--Ba(OH)2

pH