9/4 do now! fill out the vocabulary term sheet on your desk with the word of the day- environment ...

9/4 Do Now! Fill out the Vocabulary Term Sheet on Your

Desk with the word of the day- Environment

Environment: All external conditions and factors, living and non-living, that affect any living organism

Environmental Science is…Interdisciplinary study that

uses information from the physical and social sciences to learn how the earth works, how we interact with the earth, and how to deal with environmental problems.

Do Now 9/8Write the definition of Resources in your notes.(if you would like a blank vocab sheet you can find one in extra copies)Resources: Anything obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants. It can also be applied to other species

Exponential Growth: Definition: A quantity that

increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time

Human population increases at approximately 2% per year

Worldometer http://Current Human Population/

53% of the people in the world have a daily income of less than $2.00

1/6 people are desperately poor at less than $1.00/day

What does this mean for the earth’s resources?

Natural Capital Natural resources that keep us and

other species alive and support our economies

Degrading natural capitalExample: Cutting down a forest faster than it can regrow

Environmental Problems What keeps us alive? What is an

environmentally sustainable society?

How fast is the human population growing?

What is the difference economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?

9/9 Do Now Copy the definition of ecology into your

notes.

Ecology: Biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment.

What is the difference between economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?

Economic Growth: the increase in the capacity of a country

to provide people with goods, and services

Gross Domestic Product: the annual market value of all goods

and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.

Economic Developmentthe improvement of human living

standards by economic growthDeveloped Countries: (Made up of

approximately 1.2 billion people) U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand,

and Most European countriesDeveloping Countries: (Made up of

approximately 5.4 billion people) Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Exponential Growth And the Rule of 70

70/percentage growth rate= doubling time in years

Example: If the human population grew at 1.43% this past year, how long would it take to double the human population?

70/1.43= 48.95 years

The rule of 70:

Since 1985, China’s economy has been growing at 9.5% a year. At this growth rate, how many years would it take china to double?

Perpetual resources a resource that is renewed continuously

on a human time scale

Renewable Resource can be replenished fairly rapidly

through natural processes as long as it is not used faster than it is replaced.

Sustainable Yield: the highest rate at which a renewable

resource can be used indefinitely without reducing it’s available supply

Common property (aka free-access resources) individuals do not own these resources,

and they are free or cost very little to use

What are some examples of free access resources?

Tragedy of the commons: each user reasons. “If I do not use this

resource someone else will. The little bit I use or produce will not matter.”

How can we prevent the tragedy of the commons?

9/10 Do Now: On a piece of scrap paper, write you

name and answer the following question…

What is the tragedy of the commons?

Hand into the inbox when finished.

Do Now Copy the definition of

Environmentalist in your notes.

Environmentalist:

NATURAL CAPITAL

NATURAL CAPITAL

NATURAL RESOURCES

NATURAL RESOURCES

Air

Water

Soil

Land

Life (biodiversity)

Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand)

Renewable energy(sun, wind, water flows)

Nonrenewable energy(fossil fuels, nuclear power)

NATURAL SERVICES

NATURAL CAPITAL

Air purification

Water purification

Soil renewal

Nutrient recycling

Food production

Pollination

Grassland renewal

Forest renewal

Waste treatment

Climate Control

Population control(species interactions)

Pest control

Stepped Art

=

=

+

+

Fig. 1-4, p. 9

POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Economic growth provides people with more goods and services. Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) Economic development uses economic growth to

improve living standards. The world’s countries economic status (developed vs.

developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP

Global Outlook

Comparison of developed and developing countries.

Figures 1-5 and 1-6

Fig. 1-5, p. 11

Percentage of World's

Population

Developing countriesDeveloped countries

Pollutionand waste

Resourceuse

Wealth andIncome

PopulationGrowth

18

82

0.1

1.5

85

15

12

75

25

88

Fig. 1-6, p. 11

RESOURCES Perpetual: On a human time scale are

continuous. Renewable: On a human time scale

can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades).

Nonrenewable: On a human time scale are in fixed supply.

Nonrenewable Resources Exist as fixed quantity

Becomes economically depleted. Recycling and reusing extends

supply Recycling processes waste

material into new material. Reuse is using a resource over

again in the same form.

Figure 1-8

Our Ecological Footprint

Humanity’s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity.

Figure 1-7

Ecological footprint: the amount of biologically productive

land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resources

Fig. 1-7a, p. 13

Total Footprint (million hectares) andShare of Global Ecological Capacity (%)

United States2,810 (25%)

European Union2,160 (19%)

China2,050 (18%)

India 780 (7%)

Japan 540 (5%)

Fig. 1-7c, p. 13

Nu

mb

er

of

Eart

hs

Humanity's Ecological F

ootprint

Earth’s Ecological Capacity

Year

Fig. 1-7b, p. 13

Footprint Per Person(hectares per person)

United States 9.7

4.7European Union

1.6China

India

Japan

0.8

4.8

Per capita ecological footprint: the average ecological footprint of an

individual in an area

What happens when a country exceeds its ecological capacity (aka biocapacity)?

Ecological Credit Card It is estimated that it will take the

resources of 1.39 planet earths to indefinitely support or current production and consumption of renewable resources.

How is the growth of the world’s ecological footprint related to exponential growth of the world’s population and economies?

What are three things you would do to reduce the global ecological footprint and your own individual foot print?

Do Now 9/12 On a scrap paper write your name and

explain the rule of 70 Hand into the inbox

POLLUTION

Pollutants are chemicals found at high enough levels in the environment to cause harm to organisms. Point source Nonpoint source

Figure 1-9

Pollutant Sources Point source- single identifiable source

Ex. Smokestack of a coal burning industrial plant

Nonpoint source- larger, dispersed, difficult to identify Ex. Pesticides sprayed into the air and

carried by the wind

Pollution Effects Pollutants can have three types of unwanted effects:

1.) Can disrupt / degrade life-support systems. 2.) Can damage health and property. 3.) Can create nuisances such as noise and unpleasant

smells, tastes, and sights.

The 2 Pollution Solutions Pollution Prevention AKA Input pollution

control Pollution Cleanup or Output pollution

control.

Find an Article on Pollution The article must demonstrate how

pollution affects your life. Based on the article you find, write

minimum of ½ page explaining how pollution affects your life.

COMPLETE AS HOMEWORK IF NOT FINISHED IN CLASS

Due Monday 9/15

Do Now 9/15 Biodiversity Definition: Variety of different species, genetic

variability among individuals within each species, variety of ecosystems, and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities

Video http://swf.tubechop.com/

tubechop.swf?vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start=0&end=145.66&cid=1485527%22%3E%3C/param%3E%3Cembed%20src=%22http://swf.tubechop.com/tubechop.swf?vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start=0&end=145.66&cid=1485527%22%20type=%22application/x-shockwave-flash%22%20allowfullscreen=%22true%22%20width=%22425%22%20height=%22344%22%3E%3C/embed%3E%3C/object%3E

Poverty and Environmental Problems

1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe malnutrition.

Figure 1-12 and 1-13

Fig. 1-12, p. 18

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONS

The major causes of environmental problems are: Population growth Wasteful resource use Poverty Poor environmental accounting Ecological ignorance

Fig. 1-11, p. 17

Causes of Environmental Problems

Trying to manage and

simplify nature with too little

knowledge about

how it works

Not including theenvironmental costsof economic goodsand services in theirmarket prices

PovertyUnsustainableresource use

Populationgrowth

Resource Consumption and Environmental Problems

Underconsumption Overconsumption

Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism.

CULTURAL CHANGES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Agricultural revolution Allowed people to stay in one place.

Industrial-medical revolution Led shift from rural villages to urban society. Science improved sanitation and disease control.

Information-globalization revolution Rapid access to information.

Do now: 9/16 Copy the definition of

Fig. 1-17, p. 25

4.) Controls a species’population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species.

1. Runs on renewablesolar energy.2.) Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. 3.) Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ-mental conditions.

Solutions

Principles of Sustainability

How Nature Works Lessons for Us

Fig. 1-17, p. 25

Reduce human births and wasteful resourceuse to prevent environmental overload and depletion and degradation of resources.

4.) Controls a species’population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species.

1.) Runs on renewablesolar energy.

Rely mostly on renewable solar energy.

2.) Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. 3.) Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ-mental conditions.

Prevent and reducepollution and recycleand reuse resources.Preserve biodiversity by protecting ecosystem services and habitats and preventing premature extinction of species.

Solutions

Principles of Sustainability

How Nature Works Lessons for Us

Fig. 1-15, p. 23

Trade-OffsIndustrial-Medical Revolution

Advantages DIsadvantages

Mass production of useful and affordable products

Higher standard of living for many

Greatly increased agricultural production

Lower infant mortality

Longer life expectancy

Increased urbanization

Lower rate of population growth

Increased air pollution

Increased waste pollution

Soil depletion and degradation

Groundwater depletion

Habitat destruction and degradation

Biodiversity depletion

Increased water pollution

Which single advantage and disadvantage are most important?

SUSTAINABILITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS

Technological optimists: suggest that human ingenuity will keep the

environment sustainable. Environmental pessimists:

overstate the problems where our environmental situation seems hopeless.

Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability: Copy Nature

Reliance on Solar EnergyBiodiversityPopulation ControlNutrient Recycling

Figure 1-16

Fig. 1-16, p. 24

Reliance onSolar Energy

Population ControlNutrient Recycling

Biodiversity

Aldo Leopold’s Environmental Ethics

Individuals matter. … land is to be loved and

respected is an extension of ethics.

We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity…

Figure 1-A

Fig. 1-18, p. 25