9/4 do now! fill out the vocabulary term sheet on your desk with the word of the day- environment ...
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9/4 Do Now! Fill out the Vocabulary Term Sheet on Your
Desk with the word of the day- Environment
Environment: All external conditions and factors, living and non-living, that affect any living organism
Environmental Science is…Interdisciplinary study that
uses information from the physical and social sciences to learn how the earth works, how we interact with the earth, and how to deal with environmental problems.
Do Now 9/8Write the definition of Resources in your notes.(if you would like a blank vocab sheet you can find one in extra copies)Resources: Anything obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants. It can also be applied to other species
Exponential Growth: Definition: A quantity that
increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time
Human population increases at approximately 2% per year
Worldometer http://Current Human Population/
53% of the people in the world have a daily income of less than $2.00
1/6 people are desperately poor at less than $1.00/day
What does this mean for the earth’s resources?
Natural Capital Natural resources that keep us and
other species alive and support our economies
Degrading natural capitalExample: Cutting down a forest faster than it can regrow
Environmental Problems What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
How fast is the human population growing?
What is the difference economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?
9/9 Do Now Copy the definition of ecology into your
notes.
Ecology: Biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
What is the difference between economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?
Economic Growth: the increase in the capacity of a country
to provide people with goods, and services
Gross Domestic Product: the annual market value of all goods
and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.
Economic Developmentthe improvement of human living
standards by economic growthDeveloped Countries: (Made up of
approximately 1.2 billion people) U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand,
and Most European countriesDeveloping Countries: (Made up of
approximately 5.4 billion people) Africa, Asia, and Latin America
Exponential Growth And the Rule of 70
70/percentage growth rate= doubling time in years
Example: If the human population grew at 1.43% this past year, how long would it take to double the human population?
70/1.43= 48.95 years
The rule of 70:
Since 1985, China’s economy has been growing at 9.5% a year. At this growth rate, how many years would it take china to double?
Perpetual resources a resource that is renewed continuously
on a human time scale
Renewable Resource can be replenished fairly rapidly
through natural processes as long as it is not used faster than it is replaced.
Sustainable Yield: the highest rate at which a renewable
resource can be used indefinitely without reducing it’s available supply
Common property (aka free-access resources) individuals do not own these resources,
and they are free or cost very little to use
What are some examples of free access resources?
Tragedy of the commons: each user reasons. “If I do not use this
resource someone else will. The little bit I use or produce will not matter.”
How can we prevent the tragedy of the commons?
9/10 Do Now: On a piece of scrap paper, write you
name and answer the following question…
What is the tragedy of the commons?
Hand into the inbox when finished.
Do Now Copy the definition of
Environmentalist in your notes.
Environmentalist:
NATURAL CAPITAL
NATURAL CAPITAL
NATURAL RESOURCES
NATURAL RESOURCES
Air
Water
Soil
Land
Life (biodiversity)
Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand)
Renewable energy(sun, wind, water flows)
Nonrenewable energy(fossil fuels, nuclear power)
NATURAL SERVICES
NATURAL CAPITAL
Air purification
Water purification
Soil renewal
Nutrient recycling
Food production
Pollination
Grassland renewal
Forest renewal
Waste treatment
Climate Control
Population control(species interactions)
Pest control
Stepped Art
=
=
+
+
Fig. 1-4, p. 9
POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Economic growth provides people with more goods and services. Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) Economic development uses economic growth to
improve living standards. The world’s countries economic status (developed vs.
developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP
Global Outlook
Comparison of developed and developing countries.
Figures 1-5 and 1-6
Fig. 1-5, p. 11
Percentage of World's
Population
Developing countriesDeveloped countries
Pollutionand waste
Resourceuse
Wealth andIncome
PopulationGrowth
18
82
0.1
1.5
85
15
12
75
25
88
Fig. 1-6, p. 11
RESOURCES Perpetual: On a human time scale are
continuous. Renewable: On a human time scale
can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades).
Nonrenewable: On a human time scale are in fixed supply.
Nonrenewable Resources Exist as fixed quantity
Becomes economically depleted. Recycling and reusing extends
supply Recycling processes waste
material into new material. Reuse is using a resource over
again in the same form.
Figure 1-8
Our Ecological Footprint
Humanity’s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity.
Figure 1-7
Ecological footprint: the amount of biologically productive
land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resources
Fig. 1-7a, p. 13
Total Footprint (million hectares) andShare of Global Ecological Capacity (%)
United States2,810 (25%)
European Union2,160 (19%)
China2,050 (18%)
India 780 (7%)
Japan 540 (5%)
Fig. 1-7c, p. 13
Nu
mb
er
of
Eart
hs
Humanity's Ecological F
ootprint
Earth’s Ecological Capacity
Year
Fig. 1-7b, p. 13
Footprint Per Person(hectares per person)
United States 9.7
4.7European Union
1.6China
India
Japan
0.8
4.8
Per capita ecological footprint: the average ecological footprint of an
individual in an area
What happens when a country exceeds its ecological capacity (aka biocapacity)?
Ecological Credit Card It is estimated that it will take the
resources of 1.39 planet earths to indefinitely support or current production and consumption of renewable resources.
How is the growth of the world’s ecological footprint related to exponential growth of the world’s population and economies?
What are three things you would do to reduce the global ecological footprint and your own individual foot print?
Do Now 9/12 On a scrap paper write your name and
explain the rule of 70 Hand into the inbox
POLLUTION
Pollutants are chemicals found at high enough levels in the environment to cause harm to organisms. Point source Nonpoint source
Figure 1-9
Pollutant Sources Point source- single identifiable source
Ex. Smokestack of a coal burning industrial plant
Nonpoint source- larger, dispersed, difficult to identify Ex. Pesticides sprayed into the air and
carried by the wind
Pollution Effects Pollutants can have three types of unwanted effects:
1.) Can disrupt / degrade life-support systems. 2.) Can damage health and property. 3.) Can create nuisances such as noise and unpleasant
smells, tastes, and sights.
The 2 Pollution Solutions Pollution Prevention AKA Input pollution
control Pollution Cleanup or Output pollution
control.
Find an Article on Pollution The article must demonstrate how
pollution affects your life. Based on the article you find, write
minimum of ½ page explaining how pollution affects your life.
COMPLETE AS HOMEWORK IF NOT FINISHED IN CLASS
Due Monday 9/15
Do Now 9/15 Biodiversity Definition: Variety of different species, genetic
variability among individuals within each species, variety of ecosystems, and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities
Video http://swf.tubechop.com/
tubechop.swf?vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start=0&end=145.66&cid=1485527%22%3E%3C/param%3E%3Cembed%20src=%22http://swf.tubechop.com/tubechop.swf?vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start=0&end=145.66&cid=1485527%22%20type=%22application/x-shockwave-flash%22%20allowfullscreen=%22true%22%20width=%22425%22%20height=%22344%22%3E%3C/embed%3E%3C/object%3E
Poverty and Environmental Problems
1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe malnutrition.
Figure 1-12 and 1-13
Fig. 1-12, p. 18
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONS
The major causes of environmental problems are: Population growth Wasteful resource use Poverty Poor environmental accounting Ecological ignorance
Fig. 1-11, p. 17
Causes of Environmental Problems
Trying to manage and
simplify nature with too little
knowledge about
how it works
Not including theenvironmental costsof economic goodsand services in theirmarket prices
PovertyUnsustainableresource use
Populationgrowth
Resource Consumption and Environmental Problems
Underconsumption Overconsumption
Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism.
CULTURAL CHANGES AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Agricultural revolution Allowed people to stay in one place.
Industrial-medical revolution Led shift from rural villages to urban society. Science improved sanitation and disease control.
Information-globalization revolution Rapid access to information.
Do now: 9/16 Copy the definition of
Fig. 1-17, p. 25
4.) Controls a species’population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species.
1. Runs on renewablesolar energy.2.) Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. 3.) Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ-mental conditions.
Solutions
Principles of Sustainability
How Nature Works Lessons for Us
Fig. 1-17, p. 25
Reduce human births and wasteful resourceuse to prevent environmental overload and depletion and degradation of resources.
4.) Controls a species’population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species.
1.) Runs on renewablesolar energy.
Rely mostly on renewable solar energy.
2.) Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. 3.) Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ-mental conditions.
Prevent and reducepollution and recycleand reuse resources.Preserve biodiversity by protecting ecosystem services and habitats and preventing premature extinction of species.
Solutions
Principles of Sustainability
How Nature Works Lessons for Us
Fig. 1-15, p. 23
Trade-OffsIndustrial-Medical Revolution
Advantages DIsadvantages
Mass production of useful and affordable products
Higher standard of living for many
Greatly increased agricultural production
Lower infant mortality
Longer life expectancy
Increased urbanization
Lower rate of population growth
Increased air pollution
Increased waste pollution
Soil depletion and degradation
Groundwater depletion
Habitat destruction and degradation
Biodiversity depletion
Increased water pollution
Which single advantage and disadvantage are most important?
SUSTAINABILITY ANDENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
Technological optimists: suggest that human ingenuity will keep the
environment sustainable. Environmental pessimists:
overstate the problems where our environmental situation seems hopeless.
Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability: Copy Nature
Reliance on Solar EnergyBiodiversityPopulation ControlNutrient Recycling
Figure 1-16
Fig. 1-16, p. 24
Reliance onSolar Energy
Population ControlNutrient Recycling
Biodiversity
Aldo Leopold’s Environmental Ethics
Individuals matter. … land is to be loved and
respected is an extension of ethics.
We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity…
Figure 1-A
Fig. 1-18, p. 25