6.3.4

What you need to do…• Everyone: Get out your Comp book and 44 Country Europe

Map.• Treasurer: Put up your flag and get your folder• Bishop: Get one glue stick for your group from the back

counter.• Sheriff: Get one page of notes for each person in your

group on the back table from the back counter..• Scribe: Use the gluestick to glue the notes into every

notebook in your group.• Lord: Make sure everyone in your group is doing the warm-

up

Agenda

• Go over 44 European Countries• Notes: Crusades• Questions for Crusades• Handout: Religious Society in the Middle Ages

Objectives

• Review the 44 European countries for the Map Test

• Understand the effect of the crusades on Europe

• Write high level question cornell notes• Learn about religious society in the middle

ages

CroatiaCroatia

SerbiaSerbiaBosniaBosniaandand

HerzegovinaHerzegovina

MontenegroMontenegroAlbaniaAlbania

MacedoniaMacedonia

GreeceGreece

RussiaRussia

UkraineUkraine

RomaniaRomania

MoldovaMoldova

EstoniaEstonia

LatviaLatvia

LithuaniaLithuania

BulgariaBulgaria

BelarusBelarus

RussiaRussia

PolandPoland

GermanyGermany

PolandPoland

Czech RepublicCzech Republic

AustriaAustria

SloveniaSlovenia

SlovakiaSlovakia

HungaryHungary

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Muslims Conquer Palestine

Muslims Conquer Palestine

ReconquistaReconquista

800 800 700 AD700 AD

Church of the Holy

Sepulchre

Church of the Holy

Sepulchre

Toledo, Spain

Toledo, Spain

Discuss at your TableWhat three religions believe Jerusalem is a holy city?

Discuss at your TableWhat three religions believe Jerusalem is a holy city?

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Muslims Conquer Palestine

Muslims Conquer Palestine

ReconquistaReconquista

800 800

700 1400 700 1400

First Crusade

First Crusade

Second CrusadeSecond Crusade

10951095 11471147

Third Crusade

Third Crusade

11871187

Fourth CrusadeFourth

Crusade

12021202

Magna Carta

Magna Carta

Hugh CapetHugh Capet Philip IIPhilip II

Discuss at your TablesHow do we know whose land “owns” a certain piece of land? Can you think of an example where people cannot agree on who owns a certain piece of land?

IV. The Crusades

It is necessary to look for the origin of a crusading ideal in the struggle between Christians and Muslims in Spain and consider how the idea of a holy war emerged from this background.—Norman F. Cantor

JihadJihadCrusadeCrusade

Reconquista

Reconquista

Her’imHer’im

ReviewWho was the Frankish leader who halted the Muslim advances at the Battle of Tours.

ReviewWho was the Frankish leader who halted the Muslim advances at the Battle of Tours.

Charles Martel

IV. The Crusades

A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire

1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem

IV. The Crusades

A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire

1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem

2. Free Holy land from Muslims

IV. The Crusades

A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire

1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem

2. Free Holy land from Muslims

Council of ClermontCouncil of Clermont

"Although…you have promised…to keep the peace…there remains still an important work for you to do…your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them.” –Pope Urban II

IV. The Crusades

A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire

1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem

2. Free Holy land from Muslims

B. First Crusade1. Crusaders capture

Jerusalem

IV. The Crusades

A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire

1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem

2. Free Holy land from Muslims

B. First Crusade1. Crusaders capture

Jerusalem2. Four Crusader states

EdessaEdessa

TripoliTripoli

AntiochAntioch

JerusalemJerusalem

IV. The Crusades

C. Second Crusade1. Muslims fight back2. Saladin: Egyptian ruler

who captured Jerusalem

IV. The Crusades

C. Second Crusade1. Muslims fight back2. Saladin: Egyptian ruler

who captured Jerusalem

D. Third Crusade1. France, Germany and

the Holy Roman Empire joined together to fight Saladin

2. Ended in a truce

IV. The Crusades

E. Fourth Crusade1. Merchants used it as

an excuse to sack Constantinople.

2. Weakened Byzantine Empire

F. Later Crusades were very unsuccessful and Muslims regained the land lost to Christians.

WestWest

EastEast

Great SchismGreat Schism

IV. Effects of the Crusades

G. Effects of Crusades1. Helped break down

feudalism.2. Increased trade

between Europe and the Middle East

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

Example Level One Question

Define the term crusade.

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

Example Level Two Question

Compare the first crusade and the second crusade. How were they the same and how were they different?

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

Example Level Three Question

How might the world have been different if the Europeans had won the third crusade instead of calling a truce with Saladin?

Your Job for the rest of the period…

• Write a level one, level two, and level three question for Crusades Section

• Raise your hand when your group has finished so Mr. Kam can check your questions

• Start working on the Religious Society handout

• Work on homework or study map

Costa’s Questions

Level One Level Two Level Three

Define Analyze Evaluate

Describe Compare Hypothesize

List Contrast Imagine

Observe Group Judge

Recite Infer Predict

I. Religious and Society

Questions• Level 1 (describe): What new

religious orders developed during the Middle ages?

• Level 2 (infer): From the text, what can you infer about Bernard’s attitudes toward war?

• Level 3 (imagine): What might a world look like if all people defended the poor like Bernard of Clairvaux?

NotesA. New religious orders

developed1. Cistercian Monks: Farmed

the land as well as worshipped and prayed.

2. Bernard of Clairvaux: Promoted the second crusade, advised the pope, and defended the poor

I. Religious and Society

Questions• Level 1: Name the place

where nuns lived.• Level 2 (Compare):

Compare and contrast monks and friars.

• Level 3 (hypothesize): How common do you think it was for women to write music for the Catholic church?

NotesB. Convents: Place where

nuns lived. One particularly famous nun was Hildegard of Bingen who wrote music for the church.

C. Monastaries: Place where monks lived

Friars Monks

Went out into the world to preach

Stayed in monasteries separate from the world.

I. Religious and Society

Questions• Level 1 (list): Who was the

founder of the Franciscans• Level 2 (Compare): After

analysis of the different orders, were Dominicans more like Friars or more like Monks?

• Level 3 (predict): Are there still people today that defend their church teachings?

NotesD. Franciscans and

Dominicans1. Franciscans founded by St.

Francis of Assisi and taught Christianity to the people.

2. Dominicans: Goal was to defend church teachings.

I. Religious and Society

Questions• Level 1 (define): What are

sacraments?• Level 2 (Compare): Compare

the Catholic church sacraments to the Russian Orthodox sacraments.

• Level 3 (evaluate): Why might the church have rituals? What are their importance in the Catholic church?

NotesE. Catholic Church: Life

revolved around the Catholic church. The Catholic worship service was known as mass. During these service, Christians took part in church rituals called sacraments (the most important being communion)

I. Religious and Society

Questions• Level 1 (define): Define

saints.• Level 2 (analyze): Analyze

the pros and cons of having saints in a religion.

• Level 3 (judge): Are saints needed to have a religion?

NotesF. In the Catholic tradition,

Christians often prayed to saints who were holy men and women who had died and Christians believed were in heaven. Mary (the mother of God) was the most important saint.

I. Religious and Society

Questions NotesG. Heresy: Practices that go

against the churchH. Anti-Semitism: Hatred of

the Jews.

II. Medieval Culture

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesque

SymmetricalSymmetrical MirrorMirror

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

Barrel VaultBarrel Vault

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

Ribbed VaultRibbed Vault

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

Ribbed VaultRibbed Vault

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

Ribbed VaultRibbed Vault

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

Flying ButtressesFlying Buttresses

II. Medieval Culture

A. Architecture1. Showed importance of

religion in the middle ages

2. Cathedrals: Large Churches

a) Romanesqueb) Gothic

Flying ButtressesFlying Buttresses

II. Medieval Culture

B. Oxford University1. One of the first

Universities in England2. Could earn doctorate in

law, medicine or theology (study of God)

II. Medieval Culture

C. Thomas Aquinas1. Changed the study of

theology2. Scholasticism:

Combined church teachings with Aristotle

3. Natural Law: Some laws are part of human nature.

II. Medieval Culture

D. Vernacular Literature1. Language of the

people.2. Troubadour poetry3. Heroic Epic4. The Song of Roland

ParliamentParliament

SaladinSaladin

CzarCzar

Trial JuryTrial Jury

ClergyClergy

Common LawCommon Law

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus

Magna CartaMagna CartaCrusadeCrusade

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades

VernacularVernacular

TheologyTheology

Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism

HeresyHeresy

MassMass

NunsNuns

CathedralsCathedrals

UniversitiesUniversities

Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas